Working principle, General safety rules, inspection

and maintenance
of turning machine

Presentation by ,
A.Mohan Raj
 Working Principle
• Turning machine operates on the principle of a
rotating work piece and a fixed cutting tool.
• The machine tool holds the workpiece between
two rigid and strong supports called centers or
in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The
cutting tool is rigidly held and supported in a
tool post which is fed against the revolving
work.
• The cutting tool is feed into the work piece
which rotates about its own axis causing the
workpiece to form the desired shape.
 OPERATIONS
1. Plain Turning and Step Turning
2. Facing
3. Parting
4. Drilling
5. Reaming
6. Boring
7. Knurling
8. Grooving
9. Threading
10. Forming
11. Chamfering
12. Filling and Polishing
13. Taper Turning
 General Safety Rules
• Wear appropriate CSA-certified safety glasses. It may
be necessary for others in the area to wear safety
glasses too as objects will fly off the work.
• Make sure entanglement hazards are removed (e.g.
loose clothing, jewellery, etc.). Tie back and confine
long hair.
• Keep the floor free from obstructions, or slip hazards.
• Make sure the lathe has a start/stop button within
easy reach of the operator.
• Make sure the lathe has an emergency stop button (e-
stop).
 General Safety Rules
• Follow job specifications for the speed, feed
and depth of cut for materials being turned.
Make sure all work runs true and centered.
• Secure and clamp the piece being worked.
• Adjust tool and tool rest so that they are
slightly above the centre of the work.
• Use a lifting device to handle heavy chucks or
work.
• Inspect chucks for wear or damage. Flying
pieces can be very dangerous.
 General Safety Rules
• Remove chuck wrench immediately after
adjusting chuck.
• Guard all power transmission parts.
• Remove all tools, measuring instruments and
other objects from saddle or lathe bed before
starting machine.
• Keep all lathe cutting tools sharp.
• Ensure that the chip and coolant shields are in
place.
 General Safety Rules
• Shut off the power supply to the motor before
mounting or removing accessories.
• Stop lathe before taking measurements of any
kind.
• Use a vacuum, brush or rake to remove cuttings
only after the lathe has stopped moving.
• Keep working surface clean of scraps, tools and
materials.
• Keep floor around lathe clean and free of oil
and grease.
 General Safety Rules
• Do not wear gloves, rings, watches or loose clothing.
Tie back and confine long hair.
• Do not lean on machine. Stand erect. Keep your face
and eyes away from flying chips.
• Do not make adjustments while the machine is
operating.
• Do not place hands on work turning in the lathe.
• Do not use calipers or gauges on a workpiece while
machine is moving.
• Do not make heavy cuts on long slender pieces
because the work could bend and fly out of the lathe.
• Do not leave lathe unattended while it is running.
 Maintenance
• Driving belts, if the belts are damaged, excessive
cracks, or an excessive wear, they must be
replaced
• Check tension of belts.
• Check brake conditions ( on models with pedal
brake)
• Check level of lubricant oil on visor main
gearbox,Refill if required with gear oil.
• During running test check that, All the automatic
feeding movement are working properly
 Maintenance

• Check tailstock locking condition,Both lever

must lock properly.
• Lubrication, period-lubricant Some point will
be required to lubricate with gun oiler.
Headstock – twice a year 
Compound slides, by gun oiler-daily 
Apron & carriage-handle pump- daily 
Tailstock nipple-by gun oiler- daily
Change gear nipple- by gun oiler- daily 
Leadscrew nipple- by gun oiler- daily 
Bed ways- by gun oiler- daily
 Maintenance
Coolant
• Check level of coolant, refill is required
• Empty tank and fill up with new coolant every 4
months.
• Avoid contact with coolant during the refilling
process, you must wear rubber gloves.
• Test bottom of coolant tank to verify if there are
solids.
• Remove solids and try always to keep coolant tank
clean.
• Run the lathe and test coolant is supplied properly.
 Maintenance

• Electric: Check the main power cable for its

conditions. If it is damaged, must be replaced.
Verify conditions of all external switches.
All switch with damage must be repair or
replace it.
• Centre point alignment:
Once a year, depending the precision required
would be convenient to verify alignment of
centre tailstock with centre of headstock.
 Inspection
DAILY CHECKLIST
These are best done every day, typically at the
beginning of a new shift.
• Check gauges – hydraulics, water line pressure
gauges
• Check air pressure
• Clear off chips from way covers
• Check chip filter
 Inspection
WEEKLY CHECKLIST
• Inspect all filters
• Check coolant levels and concentration
• Inspect for oil/grease buildup
• Top up oil levels

MONTHLY OR ANNUAL CHECKLIST

• Spindle bearing inspection
• Drive belt inspection
• Oil inspection/change
• Alignment