Vibration

Torsional Vibrations

1
θ

θ
θ
 θ
θ
θ
θ
θ
θ

θ ω

ω
π
ω π

π
θ
θ

π
π π

π π π
π π

π π π
= = =
π π

π
= π
 = π

π = π

= +
=
π

= +
π - -
 =
π

=
π π

+ =
- -
On substituting the value of lA from equation (iv) in the above expression, a
quadratic equation in lC is obtained. Therefore, there are two values of lC and
correspondingly two values of lA. One value of lA and the corresponding value of
lC gives the position of two nodes. The frequency obtained by substituting the
value of lA or lC in equation (i) or (iii) is known as two node frequency. But in
the other pair of values, one gives the position of single node and the other is
beyond the physical limits of the equation.
In this case, the frequency obtained is known an fundamental frequency or
single node frequency

=
-

= +
- -
θ θ θ
Since the total angle of twist of the shaft is equal to the sum of the angle of twists of different
lengths, therefore θ = θ + θ + θ
1 2 3

In actual calculations, it is assumed that the diameter d of the equivalent shaft is equal to
one of the diameter of the actual shaft. Let us assume that d = d 1.
or

This expression gives the length l of an equivalent shaft.

We know that length of the equivalent shaft,
Hence the node lies at 2.2 m from flywheel A or 6.75 m from flywheel B on the equivalent
shaft.
Example 24.4. A steel shaft ABCD 1.5 m long has flywheel at its ends A and
D. The mass of the flywheel A is 600 kg and has a radius of gyration of 0.6
m. The mass of the flywheel D is 800 kg and has a radius of gyration of 0.9
m. The connecting shaft has a diameter of 50 mm for the portion AB which
is 0.4 m long ; and has a diameter of 60 mm for the portion BC which is 0.5
m long ; and has a diameter of d mm for the portion CD which is 0.6 m
long. Determine :
1. the diameter d of the portion CD so that the node of the torsional
vibration of the system will be at the centre of the length BC ; and
2. the natural frequency of the torsional vibrations.
The modulus of rigidity for the shaft material is 80 GN/m2.
 Solution.
Given : L = 1.5 m ; mA = 600 kg ; kA = 0.6 m ; mD = 800 kg ; kD = 0.9 m ;
d1 = 50 mm = 0.05 m ; l1 = 0.4 m ; d2 = 60 mm = 0.06 m ; l2 = 0.5 m ; d3 = d
l3 = 0.6 m ;
C = 80 GN/m2 = 80 ×109 N/m2

The actual shaft is shown is Fig. 24.10 (a). First of all, let us find the
length of the equivalent shaft, assuming its diameter as d1 = 50 mm,
as shown in Fig. 24.10 (b).
We know that
length of equivalent shaft
Let the node of the equivalent system lies at N as shown in Fig. 24.16
(c), then the natural frequency of torsional vibration of rotor A,

and natural frequency of the torsional vibration of rotor B