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1 Electric Force and Electric Field GGGG
1 Electric Force and Electric Field GGGG
Electricity
Electric Charge
All matter is made up of atoms
Atoms contain
1. Protons (+)
2. Neutrons (0)
3. Electrons (-)
What is Static Electricity?
Static electricity occurs when there
is a build up of electric charge on
the surface of a material.
It is called static electricity because
the charges don’t move.
The electricity we use everyday
involves moving charges.
What is charge?
To understand charge we have to look
at things on an extremely small scale.
We have to try and understand things
that we can’t even see with the most
powerful microscope.
Atoms!
The atom
Everything we see around us everyday is
made of atoms.
We can’t see individual atoms because
they are so small.
In fact the diameter of an atom is about
0.0000000001m
In the air in your classroom there are
about 1500000000000000000000000000
atoms.
What is inside the atom?
The atom is made of 3 sorts of particles.
The electron
The proton
The neutron
Ex.
3 protons (+) & 5 electrons (-) =
5+
5-
overall charge 0
What is Static Electricity?
5+
3-
overall charge 2+
What is Static Electricity?
5+
8-
overall charge 3 -
Hi!
How Can You Charge Objects?
There are 3 ways objects can be charged:
Can you name them?
1. Friction
2. Conduction
3. Induction
**In each of these, only the electrons move. The protons stay in
the nucleus**
Static electricity
It is this imbalance of positive and
negative charges that causes:
Balloons to stick to walls.
Your hair to stand on end when
brush your hair on a dry day.
And the electric shock you
sometimes get from the door
handle.
Friction
Charging by friction occurs when
electrons are “wiped” from one object
onto another.
Ex.
If you use a cloth to rub a plastic ruler,
electrons move from the cloth to the ruler.
The ruler gains electrons and the cloth
loses electrons.
Static electricity
Static electricity is caused when
certain materials are rubbed against
each other.
Electrons can be rubbed off one
material and on to another.
The material that has got extra
electrons is now negatively charged
The material which has lost
electrons is positively charged.
- + - + +
- -
- +
+ + -
- +
+ -
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+
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+
- + - + +
- -
- +
+ + -
- +
+ -
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+
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+
- + - + +
- -
- +
+ + -
- +
+ -
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+
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+
- + - + +
- -
- +
+ + -
- +
+ -
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+
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+
- + - + +
- -
- +
+ + -
- +
+ -
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+
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- - + - + +
+ - -
- + + -
- +
+ -
+
+
Conduction
Ex.
When something
is static, it is not
moving.
The charges of
static electricity do
not move away
from the object
that they are in.
So, the object
keeps its charge.
When lightning strikes a lightning rod, the electric charges are carried
safely to Earth through the rod’s wire. By directing the charge to Earth,
the rods prevent lightning from damaging buildings.