Mark scheme Further Mechanics 1 Unit Test 3: Elastic collisions in one dimension

Pearson
Progression Step
Q Scheme Marks AO
and Progress
Descriptor

1a Uses conservation of momentum to form equation M1 3.1b 3rd

(1.5)(0.4)  (4.5)(0.1)  1.5v1  4.5v2 or 1.5v1  4.5v2  0.15 Understand the
concept of
elasticity and the
Uses e =1 with Newton’s law of restitution to form equation: M1 1.1a
coefficient of
v2   v1 restitution
1
0.4  (0.1) or v2   v1  0.5

Solves simultaneously to find v1  0.35 and v2  0.15

A1 1.1b

(3)

1b Forms equation in terms of e using Newton’s law of restitution: M1 3.4 4th

v2   v1 Use Newton's
e experimental law
0.4  ( 0.1) or v2   v1  0.5e of restitution for
direct impacts of
Uses new equation and conservation of momentum equation to M1 3.4 elastic spheres
find that:
v1  0.025  0.375e and v2  0.125e  0.025

Deduces from question that v1  v2

M1 1.2

1 A1 1.1b
e
Forms 0.375e  0.025  0.125e  0.025, solves to find 5

(4)

1c Shows clearly that because e …0 then 0.125e  0.025  0 thus 3rd

B1 2.1
v2  0 for any permissible value of e Understand the
range of values
B1 2.1 that the
Thus, by considering v1 critical value of 0.025  0.375e  0 coefficient of
defines range of values for motion in opposite directions as restitution can
1 take
 e„ 1
15

(2)

(9 marks)

Notes

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 Mark scheme Further Mechanics 1 Unit Test 3: Elastic collisions in one dimension

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 Mark scheme Further Mechanics 1 Unit Test 3: Elastic collisions in one dimension

Pearson
Progression Step
Q Scheme Marks AOs
and Progress
Descriptor

2a Speed of ball as it hits the horizontal plane using suvat: 5th

v 2  02  2 gh0 or v  2 gh0 M1 3.3 Solve problems of

balls bouncing off
Uses Newton’s law of restitution to deduce speed of ball at A1 1.1b horizontal elastic
instant after first collision: planes

u1  e 2 gh0

M1 1.1a
Uses suvat to find maximum height after first collision, h1 :

 
2
0  e 2 gh0    2 gh1

2 A1 1.1b
Rearranges to show h1  e h0

(4)

2b Deduces that part a answer is part of an inductive sequence: M1 2.2a 6th

hn 1  e 2 hn Solve problems
involving
successive
2 n A1 2.2a
Thus, derives formula in terms of e and h0 : hn  (e ) h0 collisions
including
collisions with
walls

(2)

2c 4 12 M1 3.1b 6th
Interprets question to form equation: 0.5e h0  e h0
Solve problems
involving
Solves: e  0.917 A1 1.1b
successive
States that the collisions are highly elastic, i.e. e close to 1. B1 3.2a collisions
including
collisions with
walls

(3)

(9 marks)

Notes

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 Mark scheme Further Mechanics 1 Unit Test 3: Elastic collisions in one dimension

Pearson
Progression Step
Q Scheme Marks AOs
and Progress
Descriptor

3a States velocity of 2kg sphere after first impact with wall  6e M1 1.2 5th
Calculate the
Uses KE formula to form an equation for energy lost: A1 1.1a change in kinetic
1 energy as a result
E1    (2)[62  (6e) 2 ]  36(1  e 2 ) of a collision
2

(2)

3b Uses conservation of momentum to form an equation eg. M1 3.3 5th

12e  2v1  4v2 Calculate the
change in kinetic
Forms an equation using Newton’s law of restitution eg. M1 3.4 energy as a result
2 of a collision
6e  v2  v1

A1 1.1b
Solves for expressions for v1 and v2 :
v1  2e(1  2e)  oe and v2  2e (e  1) oe

Uses correct KE loss equation: M1 1.1a

1 1
E2  (2)[(6e)2  (2e (1  2e)) 2 ]  (4)[0 2  (2e(e  1))]2
2 2

2 2 2 2 2 M1 1.1a
Expands: E2  36e  4e (1  4e  4e )  8e (e  2e  1)

2 2 A1 1.1b
Thus E2  24e (1  e ) *
(must show intermediate step)

(6)

Forms equation using their E1  E2  16

3c M1 3.1b 5th
Calculate the
36(1  e 2 )  24e 2 (1  e2 )  16 change in kinetic
energy as a result
4 2 M1 1.1a of a collision
Forms quartic: 6e  3e  5  0

2 A1 1.1b
Forms quadratic 6k  3k  5  0 and square roots positive
solution, or otherwise, to find: e  0.835

(3)

(11 marks)

Notes:

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 Mark scheme Further Mechanics 1 Unit Test 3: Elastic collisions in one dimension

© Pearson Education Ltd 2018. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 5
 Mark scheme Further Mechanics 1 Unit Test 3: Elastic collisions in one dimension

Pearson
Progression Step
Q Scheme Marks AOs
and Progress
Descriptor

4a Forms two equations using conservation of momnetum and 6th

Newton’s law of restitution for example: M1 3.4
Solve problems
wB  wA  ue and 4wB  2wA  2u involving
successive
collisions
1 A1 1.1b
wB  u (1  e) including
Thus, velocity of B after collision with A, 3 collisions with
walls
M1 3.4
Uses wB above as initial velocity with Newton’s law of
restitution to form one equation for the collision between B and
C, using vB for the velocity of B after this collision for example:
1
ue(1  e )  vC  vB
3

Forms second equation using conservation of momentum eg. M1 3.4

4
u (1  e)  6vC  4vB
3

2 M1 1.1b
vC  u (1  e) 2
Solves simultaneously to show: 15

(Please see notes section also for this mark)

1 A1 1.1b
vB  u (2  e  3e2 )
Uses substitution to derive: 15 AG

(6)

4b Deduces that for A and B to collide again whilst travelling in the M1 2.2a 5th
same direction as C then wA  vB Solve problems
involving
1 1 M1 1.1a successive
(1  2e)  (2  e  3e2 ) collisions of pairs
Thus: 3 15
of spheres in one
dimension
Rearranges to form quadratic inequality:

5  10e  2  e  3e2  3e 2  9e  3  0 M1 1.1a

Solves quadratic inequality: e  0.382 or e  2.618 A1 1.1b

States possible range for e: 0  e  0.382 A1 2.2a

(5)

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 Mark scheme Further Mechanics 1 Unit Test 3: Elastic collisions in one dimension

(11 marks)

Notes

If the student derives vB correctly in 4a without finding vC award M1A1 for correct vB expression but must the
working must be very clear.

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 Mark scheme Further Mechanics 1 Unit Test 3: Elastic collisions in one dimension

Pearson
Progression Step
Q Scheme Marks AOs
and Progress
Descriptor

5a Resolves to find forces in direction of motion: 7th

2 M1 3.3 Solve problems
Force due to friction  ke g cos (10) and Force down slope due involving
to gravity  g  sin(10) collisions in
unfamiliar
Energy lost in journey down slope = Work done against friction: contexts
2
A1 3.4
Frictional force  distance =  ke g  cos(10)

Equates energy or, using suvat, deduces the speed before the
w  2 g sin (10)  ke 2 g cos (10)   M1 3.4
collision with buffer,

Thus, deduces the speed after collision:

ve 2 g sin (10)  ke2 g cos (10) M1 1.1b

Uses KE formula with v and  to find energy lost in the

collision with buffer: M1 3.4
1 1
(1)[ w2  v 2 ]    [(2 g sin (10)  2ke2 g cos (10))
2 2
 e (2 g sin (10)  2ke 2 g cos (10))]
2

Simplifies to show:
1
(1)[ w2  v 2 ]  (1  e2 )( g sin (10)  ke2 g cos (10)) M1 1.1b
2

So total energy lost from work done against friction and

collision:

L  (1  e2 )( g sin (10)  ke 2 g cos (10))   ke 2 g cos(10) A1 1.1b

2 4
So L  (1  e ) g sin (10)  e kg cos (10) AG

(7)

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 Mark scheme Further Mechanics 1 Unit Test 3: Elastic collisions in one dimension

5b Interprets question to form equation: 7th

1 M1 3.1b Solve problems
  g sin (10)  (1  e 2 ) g sin (10)  e 4 kg cos (10) involving
2
collisions in
4 2 M1 1.1a unfamiliar
Rearranges to form quartic: (k cot(10))e  e  0.5  0 contexts

Uses discriminant: 1  2k cot (10) …0 to state:

A1 2.2a
1
k tan (10)  0.088
Maximum possible value of 2 to 3dp.

(3)

(10 marks)

Notes

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