Title Layout

Subtitle
 BLOWROOM

▪ Cotton is manually put onto the blending feeder's feed belt. The inclined lattice and evener roller are in charge of opening, cleaning, and mixing.

▪ The stripper roller takes this material to the fine opener-I feed lattice. depicts the material flow via the blending feeder equipment.

▪ For cleaning, the fine opener-I beater is pressed on the grid bars. This material is pulled by a condenser transport fan via two cleaner rollers, which
open, clean, and eliminate dust from cotton .
▪ The condenser cage separates the dusty air from the material and transports it to the control tower feed rollers.

▪ The material is transferred to the spiky rollers of the super cleaner by a beater in the control tower.

▪ The six spiky rollers of the super cleaner open and clean the material before delivering it to the fine opener-II feed lattice

▪ . A Krishnor beater with steel pins decreases the tuft size even further and aids in cleaning. The material from the fine opener-II is opened and
cleaned before being sucked by a cage condenser fan and transported to the control tower. A pair of feed rollers at the bottom of the control
tower feed the material to a beater. The material is cleaned by the beater against the grid bars before being sent to the Hopper feeder's feed
lattice. In the Hopper feeder, mixing, opening, and cleaning are controlled by a spiky lattice and an evener roller. A stripper roller transfers the
material to the Scutcher's feed lattice through a condensing box . A regulating feed unit, pin beater, lap forming cage, calendaring unit, and lap
winding unit comprise the Scutcher . A regulating feeding system checks the length and width of the incoming feeding material in the form of a
cumbersome sheet. As a result, the beater is fed a consistent amount of material. The beater then opens and cleans the material before delivering
it to the cage to form a lap sheet. This lap sheet is compacted by calender rollers while shell rollers wound it on a lap rod. Thus, the scutcher
delivers a compact roll of lap sheet, which is manually moved on a trolley to the next machine, the card.The material from fine openers/cleaners is
transported to the card directly by a fan in the latest blow room lines through a chute feed system placed at the rear of the card. displays the most
recent blow room line, in which the scutcher has been removed and fine cleaner supply pipes have been installed immediately .
OPEN END SPINNING

▪ The sliver from the drawframe is introduced by a feeder cylinder and

is subject to the action of an opener with saw-toothed wiring
▪  then the fibres are sent to the rotor through a vacuum channel. 
▪ By using a sliver guide, the sliver is fed to the feed roller. Combing
rollers open up the sliver to individual fibres, which are then
transferred to the rotor by a fibre transfer tube.
▪ The rotation of the rotor pulls the yarn end onto collected ribbon of
fibres and simultaneously inserts twist into the yarn tail
▪ When the tail is pulled, the fibre ribbon peels from the groove on the
rotor, and the newly formed yarn is wound on the package.
AIR JET SPINNING
▪ first step is to pass drafted strand of fibres through the single fluid nozzle or (in case of two
nozzles), through the double nozzles.

▪ These nozzles are positioned between the front roller of a drafting system and a take up device.

▪ In case of double nozzle system, the drafting system drafts the input material into a ribbon like
form with parallel fibres.

▪ Subsequent to this air is injected at a very high pressure into the two nozzles.

▪ The high pressure swirls the air stream in opposite directions.

▪ After this silver is inserted into the machine and again high pressure air is injected to attain
twist.
BLOWROOM

▪ In this process the cleaning and opening of the cotton is done by

beaters and openers.
▪ The foreign materials like dust particles, seeds of cotton and other
impurities are partially removed in this process.
▪ The cotton tufts are opened and cleaned in this process and the
cotton lap is made out.
CARDING

▪ Carding is the ‘Heart’ of Spinning.

▪ Opening to individual fibers, this enables elimination of impurities
from fiber and performance of other operations.
▪ Elimination of impurities occurs mainly in the region of the taker-in.
▪ Card sliver still contains 0.05 - 0.03% of foreign matter although the
level of cleaning achieved by the blow-room and carding room
together is 95 - 99%.
▪ During the carding process, fiber/metal and fiber/fiber friction is
required to loosen dust particles that are bound to the fibers.
DRAW FRAME

▪ Through drafting fibbers get paralleled

▪ Each sliver is stretched/straightened and made into a single sliver
using the Draw Frame.
▪ Also fiber blending can be done at this stage.
LAPFORMER

▪ Twenty-eight cans of drawn sliver from the first draw frame are stacked beneath the
lap former's two creel rails.
▪ The movement of material through the lap former is depicted by the Creel rollers
removing the slivers from the cans and feeding them to the drafting system.
▪ A draught of 1.3 to 2.5 dampens the slivers running into the drafting arrangement.
The drawing system's two webs pass across two deflecting plates onto the web table.
▪ These webs are overlaid or stacked on top of one another. The calender rollers take
these superimposed webs off the table, condense them, and transport them to the lap
winding assembly.
▪ The winding assembly coils the loop around an empty tube. Empty tubes are
automatically exchanged when the length of the lap is completed.
COMBER
▪ Twenty-eight cans of drawn sliver from the first draw frame are put under the lap former's two creel
rails. The material flow through the lap former is depicted by Creel rollers removing slivers from cans.

▪ The slivers running into the drafting arrangement are attenuated by a draft of 1.3 to 2.5. Two webs
cross a web table over two deflector plates. On top of one another, these webs are overlaid or
stacked .

▪ These superimposed webs are drawn off the table by the calender rollers, compacted to form a lap,
and sent to the lap winding assembly.

▪ The winding assembly coils the loop around an empty tube. When the lap is over, empty tubes are
immediately switched. With the use of draw-off rollers, trumpet rollers, and table calender rollers,
this web is reduced to a sliver. As seen in the, eight slivers from each lap are laid out parallel on the
table and fed into the drafting machine.

▪ A draught of 9 to 16 reduces the slivers flowing into the drafting arrangement. The discharged web
is compressed into a sliver at the delivery end of the drawing arrangement. This sliver is then
directed via a pair of calender rollers and a coiled tube into a container. displays the most recent
comber machine in use in the industry today
Roving Frame

▪ Further drafting is done here to get the fibers more

aligned/paralleled.
▪ The Sliver from Draw-Frame is thicker and will be difficult to be fed
into the Ring-frame as is, hence here the Slivers are stretched and
were made thinner by Drafting and mild twisting (so as to strengthen
the Roving).
▪ The End-Product from the Simplex is called as Roving.
Ring Frame (Spinning)

▪ Ring Frame (Spinning)

▪ The roving is fed into the Ring-frame and is made into yarn by
further Drafting & Twisting.
▪ To draft the roving until the required fineness is achieved
▪ To impart strength to the fiber, by inserting twist.
▪ Depending upon the yarn count required, the drafting and twisting
can be adjusted.
Autoconer (Winding)

▪ Autoconer (Winding)
▪ Winding is the creation of large yarn packages that can be easily
unwound.
▪ Winding makes easier and economical use of yarn on subsequent
machines.
▪ All yarns made on ring frame are wound in the form of large cones
on Autocone winding machine.
▪ Yarn faults are also removed on this machine with the help of yarn
clearer.
 Yarn Production

▪ PROCESS MACHINE
▪ Blow Room
▪ Opening: To open the compressed fibres up to very small tufts
▪ Cleaning: To remove the impurities like seed fragments, stem
pieces, leaf particles, neps, short fibres, dust and sand
▪ Mixing and blending: To make homogenous mixture of the
material
▪ De-dusting: To extract the dust if present
▪ Uniform feed for card: To produce tufts of optimum size or to
convert the fibres into a thick sheet, called a lap, of uniform
length and width
Yarn Production

▪ Carding
▪ The objectives of carding process are:
▪ Opening up to individual fibres
▪ Elimination of impurities
▪ Disentanglement of neps
▪ Elimination of dust
▪ Elimination of short fibres
▪ Fibre blending
▪ Fibre orientation or alignment
▪ Sliver formation
Yarn Production

▪  Drawing
▪ Following are objectives of drawing:
▪ Equalizing: To improve evenness of the sliver by doubling
▪ Parallelizing: To create parallel arrangement of fibres in the sliver by
drafting
▪ Blending: To compensate the raw material variations by doubling
▪ Dust removal: To remove dust within the overall process by suction
▪ Sliver formation: To make sliver and coil in a can by condensing and
calendering
Yarn Production

▪ Comber
▪ Objectives of comber are:
▪ Noil removal: To remove short fibres, neps and impurities by combing
▪ Equalizing: To improve evenness of the sliver by doubling
▪ Parallelizing: To create parallel arrangement of fibres in the sliver by drafting
▪ Blending: To compensate the raw material variations by doubling
▪ Dust removal: To remove dust within the overall process by suction
▪ Sliver formation: To make sliver and coil in a can by condensing and calendering
Yarn Production

▪ Lap Former
▪ The objectives of lap former are as follow.
▪ Equalizing: To improve evenness of the lap by doubling of slivers
▪ Parallelizing: To create parallel arrangement of fibres in the lap by
drafting of slivers
▪ Blending: To compensate the raw material variations by the doubling of
slivers
▪ Dust removal: To remove dust within the overall process by suction
▪ Lap formation: To make lap by calendering
Yarn Production

▪ Ring Spinning
▪ Following are the tasks which are required to achieve from ring
spinning:
▪ Drafting to attenuate the roving up to the required fineness
▪ Twisting to impart strength
▪ Yarn winding to make a suitable package
Yarn Production

▪ Roving Machine
▪ The objectives of a roving frame:
▪ Drafting to attenuate the sliver up to required fineness
▪ Twisting to impart strength
▪ Winding to make a roving package
Yarn Production

▪ AIR JET SPINNING

The objectives of AIR JET SPINNING

The goal is to reduce hairiness and make the

skin appear clearer.

Yarns are highly water-absorbent and wash

resistant, and they shrink relatively little
when washed

To minimize pilling and abrasion

CARDING

▪ The lap roller is loaded with laps prepared in the blow room. The material flow through the lap feed
card depicts the flow through the chute feed card. The feed roller uses the feed plate to deliver this to
the taker-in. The taker-in opens and cleans the cotton as it is dragged on the mote knives and carding
elements. The cleaned material is then transferred to the cylinder in the form of tiny tufts and single
fibers. Cylinder then cleans the cotton and converts it into individual fibers using stationary and
movable flats nep are disentangled and short fibers are separated from cotton at this stage. A fan
gathers all waste, filth, and dust from the entire machine in a box. The doffer removes the fleece-like
strands from the cylinder. The fleece is fed from the doffer via the doffing roller, crushing rollers, and
tongue-groove rollers. These rollers scanned the carding sliver's cross-section and thickness. The
recorded findings are compared to the sliver linear density goal value. Deviations from the fixed value
are addressed by adjusting the feed roller speed. The finished sliver is then wrapped into cans using a
coiler.
DRAWING
– Four or eight silver cans prepared on the card are positioned beneath the drawing's creel
rollers, as seen in The flow of material via the draw frame is seen in The slivers are extracted
from the cans by creel rollers and fed into the drafting mechanism. The slivers going into the
drafting arrangement are attenuated by a draught of 4 to 8, and a web with less coherence is
delivered. To avoid web disintegration, it is condensed into a sliver soon after the drafting
arrangement. This sliver is then directed via a pair of calender rollers and a coiled tube into a
container. Normally, two draw frame passageways are provided for cotton, while three are
provided for cotton mixes with synthetic fibers. Four or eight sliver cans prepared on the card
are arranged under the creel rollers of the drawing as shown in Flow of material through the
draw frame is shown in Creel rollers withdraw the slivers from the cans and feed to the
drafting system. The slivers running into the drafting arrangement are attenuated by a draft
of 4 to 8 and a web having less cohesion is delivered. To avoid disintegration of the web, it is
condensed into a sliver immediately after the drafting arrangement. This sliver is then guided
through a pair of calender rollers and a tube that is coiled into a can. For cotton, normally
two passages of draw frame are given while for blends of cotton with synthetic fibers three
passages are used. Drawing frames may be of single delivery or double delivery. Nowadays,
single delivery draw frames are used for the final passage of material.
ROVING MACHINE

▪ Silver cans from the 2nd or finisher draw frames are placed under the creel on the roving
frame. The flow of material through the roving frame is shown in  Creel rollers withdraw
the slivers from the cans and forward them to the drafting arrangement.
▪ A draft of 5 to 20 is what the drafting arrangement attenuates. In the drafting system,
the material exiting is too thin to withstand itself. To impart strength, the twist inserting
step is necessary immediately at the exit of the drafting arrangement.
▪ Twist insertion is done by rotating the flyer 25–70 times per meter. With the help of the
presser arm, roving from the flyer top runs through the hollow flyer leg to reach the
wind-up point. Due to the faster bobbin speed than the flyer, roving is wound. . As the
bobbin diameter increases, the speed of the bobbin is reduced.
▪ As bobbin diameter increases, the bobbin rail speed decreases to maintain constant
coils per inch during the package building process. To insert taper on both ends, the
length of each subsequent layer of roving is continuously reduced during package
construction. Currently used roving frame in the industry.
WINDING

▪ Winding is the creation of large yarn packages that can be easily

unwound
▪  yarns made on ring frame are wound in the form of large cones on
Autocone winding machine.
▪ Yarn faults are also removed on this machine with the help of yarn
clearer.
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