Two Phase Pipeline

Example

Ref.: Brill & Beggs, Two Phase Flow in Pipes, 6th Edition, 1991.
Chapter 3.
 Two Phase Flow
Example 1: Description
P2
d1 , L1

DZ1
P1

For the above two-phase pipeline, calculate the exit pressure (P2) based on the
Beggs and Brill equation. Compare the manual calculation results with Hysys
software results (using Pipe Segment and Pipesys) .

Feed specifications:
T1 = 60 oF, P1 = 1000 psia, qgtsc= 50 MMscfd, qosc =100000 bbl/day, γgt = 0.7896,
γo = 31.3 oAPI,

Pipeline specifications:
L1 = 900 ft, ΔZ1 = 10 ft, d1= 12 in nominal (Mild Steel, Schedule 40), T2 = 60 oF
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 Two Phase Flow
Example 1: Description
For using compositional model (in Hysys), the following analysis of produced oil
and gas at standard conditions are exist:

Produced Gas at S. C. Light Ends Analysis Distillation Curve and Density (oAPI=31.3)

Mole, % Components Liquid Vol. % Components Density, oAPI Cut Temp, oF Liquid Vol. %

6.8311 N2 0.0013 N2 ---- 145 2.85

1.3467 H2S 0.014 H2S 57.7 167 3.83

0.9777 CO2 0.0037 CO2 56.4 212 5.63

72.8749 C1 0.0733 C1 55.4 257 7.33

7.5713 C2 0.0803 C2 52.3 302 10.03

2.9463 C3 0.1307 C3 47.8 347 13.43

2.9119 i-C4 0.4177 i-C4 42.6 392 18.53

1.8989 n-C4 0.3947 n-C4 39.2 437 24.43

1.2841 i-C5 0.9029 i-C5 35.8 482 34.23

0.8183 n-C5 0.7487 n-C5 33.0 527 44.93

0.5388 C6+ Properties of C6+ : Molecular Weight = 89.53, Density = 55.49 oAPI, N. Boiling point = 210 oF
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 Two Phase Flow
Example 1: solution
In hand calculation, a single segment with Pav= P1 was used (for first iteration).

I didn’t find any reliable correlation for calculation of dissolved gas specific
gravity, and therefore the specific gravity of free gas was selected from HYSYS
software at input conditions: γgf = 0.6397

Calculation of Rs and γgd needs a try and error, based on these equations:
1/ 0.83
 P 100.0125 ( API ) 
o

Standing eq. : Rs   gd  0.00091(T ) 

18 10 
 Rs  289.3,  gd  0.8988
RP gt  ( R p  Rs ) gf
Gas mass balance eq. :  gd 
Rs

Therefore: q  ( R  R ) q  21.07 MMscfd, B (standing )  1.125

gf sc p s osc o

lb m
 qo  Bo qosc  112500 bbl/day  7.31 ft 3 / sec,  o  51.355
ft 3 4
 Two Phase Flow
Example 1: solution
Volume flow rate of free gas at inlet conditions can be calculated with using Bg:

Brown et al method : Ppc  672 psia, Tpc  367.1 o R, Ppr  1.49, Tpr  1.42
Standing and Katz method : z  0.82  Bg  0.01207

 q gf  Bg q gf sc  2.943 ft 3 / sec,  gf  4.049 lb m /ft 3

Viscosity of oil and gas and surface tension between them can be calculated as:
Standing method : OD  16.835 cp   o  5.56 cp

Lee et al method :  gf  0.06496 gr/cm 3   gf  0.0127 cp

Baker and Swerdloff method :  OD  31.3   o  15 dynes/cm

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 Two Phase Flow
Example 1: solution
A  0.7776 ft 2 , vsL  9.4 ft/sec , vsg  3.785 ft/sec, vm  13.185 ft/sec, L  0.713
Therefore, the two-phase no slip properties can be calculated as follows:
 n   o L   gf g  37.78 lb m /ft 3 ,  n  3.97 cp
Flow regimes:
N Fr  5.43, L1  285.3, L2  0.002, L3  0.163, L4  4.885, N Lv  24.8

L  0.4, N Fr  L4  Distribute d ( Intermitte nt )

Liquid Hold and ρs:
 dP 
H L ( 0 )  H L ( )  0.789   s  41.374 lb m /ft 3      0.46 lb f /ft
3

 dL  el

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 Two Phase Flow
Example 1: solution
Pressure gradient due to friction:
d vm  n
N Re  1488  1.86  105  f n (smooth )  0.0155
n
y  1.145  S  ln( 2.2 y  1.2)  0.2774  f tp  f n e S  0.0205

 dP  3
    2.103 lb f /ft
 dL  f
Outlet pressure:
 dP   dP 
   
 dP   dL  el  dL  f
Ek  4.5 10  4      2.564 lb f /ft 3
 dL  1  Ek

 P2  P1  2.564  900 / 144  984 psia, PipeSeg : 982, PipeSys  984

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