Diesel-Loco Layout (Electrical)

S.K.Sinha

What is a Diesel Loco A diesel loco essentially consists of a diesel engine which converts heat energy into mechanical energy for the movement of the loco. The above mechanical energy is transmitted to the axles of the loco through some hydraulic or electric means. (Called Hydraulic or Electrical Transmission) [ Engine- Hydraulic or electrical transmission systemAxles] Today, Electrical Transmission is more prevalent .

There are three types of Electrical transmissions

[ Engine DC-DC AC-DC AC-AC Generator-TM -Axles]

DC-DC Transmission

Aux M/cs

Diesel Engine

Traction Alternator

AC Gen

Rectifier

Traction Motors

DC Motors

AC DC Transmission

Wheels

AC-Transmission

Lay Out of Diesel Loco (WDM-2)

Radiator Room

Expressor Room

Engine Room

Generator Room Control

DB Cab CompartmentsRoom

Nose Compartment

Under Carriage

Distribution Of the main Electrical Components

Nose Compartment
placed in the outer right side ) Dynamic Brake Grids(12 No.) & Dynamic Brake Blower Motor,Batteries(2 No.,

Cab Room

L/H & S/H Control Stands Throttle Handle, Selector Handle, Reverser Handle, Load Meter, Electrical Speedo Meter, Low Water Switch, Auto Flasher light unit ,OPS etc.

Control Compartment

Front Part- Relays , Contactors, VRP,TRP.ECP,Ex.CP, ACCR,LAS,

Emergency Switch,BKT,Reverer and other controlling devices shown on the next slide

Back Part FS Contactors, R1 &R2 contactors, Resistors etc Generator Room Aux. Gen., Exciter Gen.,FTM Blower, Tr. Gen./Alternator, Rectifier Block (If
Alternator is used),Batteries(6 No., placed just outside of the room near the railing))

Engine Room Tacho Gen., Governor, Crankcase Exhauster Motor Expressor Room Fuel Pump Motor Radiator Room Eddy Current Clutch Coil Assembly, Under Carriage Tr.Motors and their Cables, Axle Generator, Cyclonic Filter Motor

Nose Compartment Component

Dynamic Braking Grid Blower 1.It is a DC motor located in nose compartment 2. .Its function is to cool dynamic grids during dynamic braking. These grids get heated up when current passes in these grids during braking 3..The Blowers supply sufficient air for cooling the grids upwards direction and hot air will be exhausted through the louvers.

CAB Room Component

CAB Room Component

A. Master controller.It is manually operated cam actuated, multiple contact switches for closing, opening or holding circuits in a sequence. The controller has the handles.i,e Throttle handle, Reverser handle, Selector handle. 1.Reverser Handle-Reverser has three positions FORWARD ,OFF &REVERSE for selecting the desired direction. RH can be moved only when TH is in IDLE position and OFF or NO 1.motoring position. RH can be installed or removed only when in OFF position 2.Throttle handle: -This handle utilized to control speed of engine. It has an IDLE . position or O and eight. running notches 3.Selector handle:-It has OFF position with MOTORING position to the left & BREAKING. to the right.

Front View of Control Compartment (Front Part)

Control Compartment (Front View)

Control Compartment (Front View)

Braking and Traction Contactor(BKT) - 2/1 no BKT fitted in front

panel of control compartment at bottom. BKT1-Control Tms.1,4,3,6 BKT2- Control Tms.2,5 Operated by control air pressure and magnet valve.BKT has 2 position 1.Motoring-Armature & field of traction motor connected in series and act as Motor 2.Braking - -Armature & field of traction motor connected separately and TM act as TG during Dynamic Braking. Note- Some Locos are fitted with only 1no BKT.

Control Compartment (Front View)

Control Compartment (Front View)

REVERER CONTACTORThe function of reverser is to change the current position of TM field by which TM armature rotation can be
RESERVED/FORWARD direction.

02/01 reverser contactor-fitted control compartment at bottom REV1&REV2. REV1- control Tms 1,4,3,6 REV2- control Tms 2,5 Operated by Control air pressure and magnet valve.

a) Magnet valve.It is an electro

pneumatically operated valve which control the flow of compressed air to and from electro pneumatic apparatus.

Circuit Breakers-Work as safety device which trips at its rated currant and save the other components of the same rating connected in the same circuit
MB1 MB2 CEB FPB MFPB1
Battery Breaker Control Breaker Crankcase Exhauster Fuel Pump Master

200A 150A 15A 30A

MFPB2 MCB1 MCB2 AGFB

Master Fuel Pump Main Control Breaker-1 Main Control Br.-2 Aux. Gen. Br.

30A 15A 15A 15A

FP 30A

Control Compartment (Front View)

Control Compartment (Front View)

Important Relays

SR GR/GR1 & GR2 DMR BKR-1 to3 WSR-1 to 3 FSR TR GFOLR ERR

Signal Relay Ground Deads man Braking Wheel Slip Field Shunt Transition Gen.Field Engine Run

------------------------------------------------PCS Dynamic Brake --------------------Field weakening Transition

When LOP,LWS,Hot Engine, GR, GFOLR ---------------------------

Loco comes to idle & Dynamic brake will also released. Engine generates 4th notch power & M/G voltage comesdown1.6-28V

FSC21 &25 operated and then FS22,23,24,26 operated & weaken the TMs Field -----------------------------

--------------------Alternator Woodward Gov.

-----------------------------For notching up A,B,C,D valves will be excited N/O ERR contacts.

Control Compartment (Front View)

SR(SIGNAL RELAY)-This relay gets energized in event of safety devices and operates the Alarm Gong for providing Audio Signal.

DMR(Demagnetising relay/Deads men relay)-This relay gets operated after MCB are put on.If there is a train parting or chain pulling ,DMR gets de energized through PCS and bring the engine toIDLE,irrespective to TH positions.

Electrical Gauges
Control Stand Load meter Component Electric speedometer Battery ammeter Control Compartment Component

LOAD METER1.It is a colour band device to be used as guide for correct loco operations .2.The pointer on the colour band indicates the relative amount of tractive effort being developed by the loco.and load current on the TMs 3.The green zone represents normal operating current& conditions. In this zone ,operating time is unrestricted 4.The yellow zone indicates short time capacity of TM.The indicated marks on yellow zone indicate the maximum time allowed.The max time allowed in the yellow zone,is 50 minutes.

Control Compartment (Back Part) components

Field shunt contactors-six nos fitted back part of control compartment It is electro magnetic devices which open and close electrical circuits .This contactor introduce the field shunting resistor to the traction motor field. FSC pickup at the of series parallel shunt &parallel shunt combination.

Electrical Rotating Components

Traction Generator/ Alternator Exciter Generator Auxiliary Generator Traction Motor Blowers ( FTTM, RTTM) Traction Motors Axle Generator Fuel Pump Motor Tacho Generator Crank Case Exhauster Motor Cyclonic Filter motor Eddy Current Clutch Coil assembly

Generator Room Component

Traction Generator- It is separately excited Dc Generator

Function- Supply the current to Traction Motor Technical SpecificationNo load voltage -770 VDC Speed of armature - 400-1000rpm

Alternator-It is 3phase A.C generator

Function- Supply the current to Traction Motor Technical Specification No load voltage -980 VDC(WDM2) - 1130 VDC(WDG3A/WDG4) -400-1000rpm

Speed of Rotor

Generator Room Compartment

Auxiliary Generator
1. 4-pole self excited Dc machine 2. Mounted on TG gear box and driven by the bull gear 3. Functiona.Charging of battery b.Excite the field of Exciter c.Current supply to Control circuit, FPM, CCM,ECC& lighting circuit 4.Technical SpecificationRating Current 72+_1VDC 160amp

speed 950 to 2386.rpm Horse power- 12 H.P

Generator Room Compartment

EXCITER
1. 4-pole separately excited Dc machine 2 Mounted on TG gear box and driven by the bull gear 3 Specially designed to excite the field of Main Generator 4..Technical SpecificationRating85-200VDC speed950 to2386.rpm Horse power- 12H.P

Generator Room Compartment

FRONT TRUCK TRACTION MOTOR BLOWER (FTTM) FTTM blower is gear driven from the main generator shaft and supplies air to the motors no 1,2,3 in the truck below the cabin.

FTTM BLOWER

Under Carriage Compartment

TRACTION MOTOR
---------------------------------This is DC series Motor Technical SpecificationMax Voltage-600V Max Current - 980 amp speed (Armature) - 2275 rpm Horse power- 400 H.P

Function-1. Traction motor

convert the electric power delivered by the traction generator into mechanical power, to drive the wheel. 2. During dynamic braking traction motors acts as generator.

Expressor Room Components

FUEL PUMP MOTOR

-This motor is located on right side of the engine in expressor room. -It gets the current from auxiliary source. - It is a DC motor and it is used to drive governor oil pump and fuel oil pumps. -Fuel oil pump is towards generator end where as the governor oil pump is towards the radiator room. Technical Specification1.Rated output HP-1.5 2.voltage-72v 3.current-21A 4.Speed-1725RPM.

Engine Room Component

TACHO GENERATOR .1. It is an AC generator that control engine speed. 2.Its main shaft gear is driven by cam shaft gear of the diesel engine and hence it generates an output signal having a frequency proportional to the engine speed. 3. Its outputs are supplied to the (i) Mixer-Reference Circuits (Card No.188) (ii) Function Generator Circuits (Card No.292) (iii) Speed coil circuits ,if there is EH Governor.

Engine Room Component Engine Room Component

CRANK CASE EXHAUSTER MOTOR This motor is located on the left side of the engine above no-8 cylinder -It is DC compound motor. Which is used to rotate a blower to exhaust the oil fumes and vapors from the engine crank case&it creates vacuum above 1.5 - 2. Technical specificationMax voltage-75v Max current-4.9 AMP Horse power-0.5hp Speed -3000rpm

Under Carriage Component

AXLE GENERATOR

-It is an axle driven AC

generator, which is fitted on L-2 axle.

- Its single- phase

voltage output is utilized for Electrical.speedometer to indicate locomotive speed& transitions.

Nose Compartment Component

Dynamic Braking Grid Blower 1.It is a DC motor located in nose compartment 2. .Its function is to cool dynamic grids during dynamic braking. These grids get heated up when current passes in these grids during braking 3..The Blowers supply sufficient air for cooling the grids upwards direction and hot air will be exhausted through the louvers.