BOILER

BOILER
 BOILER

• Boiler is a pressure vessel used on ships in which the

water is heated to evaporate and generate the steam
and the unit is so arranged that the generated steam
accumulated in it.
 BURNER

The purpose of the burner is to

inject fuel and air into the
combustion area. The fuels,
such as oil, gas, or pulverized
coal, have to mix easily with air.
Dampers are used to regulate
the amount of air that enters
the burner. An impeller
circulates the air evenly around
the burner. Pipes referred to as
spuds inject the fuel into the
boiler and are ignited by an
igniter.
 COMBUSTION CHAMBER

• The combustion chamber contains the reaction of the

fuel with air and uses it to create the heat to produce
steam. To enhance the efficiency of the combustion
chamber, it needs to be adequately insulated to avoid
loss of heat through radiation. The combustion
chamber has tubes containing water and steam that
pass through the open box with the burner and
controls. Efficient combustion is an essential part of
boiler operations. The heat produced in the
combustion chamber is absorbed on the surface of
the boiler at the top of the combustion chamber.
 HEAT EXCHANGER

• The heat exchanger allows heat to be exchanged

between fluids without allowing the substances to
mix. A heat exchanger contains a long coiled pipe that
is immersed in the fluid to be heated. Gas or a heated
liquid passes through the pipe and heats the water
around it. Heat exchangers are made of a variety of
materials with stainless steel being the best material
since it does not corrode or rust.
 EXPANSION TANK

• The expansion tank helps to maintain the pressure in

a boiler by providing a place for water to expand,
absorb the pressure, and regulate the pressure. The
tank has a diaphragm that is divided into two sections
with one portion accepting water from the boiler and
the other side being controlled by an air valve to
alleviate pressure. The air valve pushes against the
water in the other section until normal pressure is
reached.
 STEAM TEMPERATURE CONTROL

• Steam temperature control prevents thermal stress; precise

control of steam temperature is important. The control of
pressure and temperature is necessary to keep fuel costs
down. Steam temperature is normally controlled by
spraying water on the first and second stage superheater.
This is done using an attemperator or desuperheater.
Other methods to control steam temperature are through
the use of flue gas circulation, flue gas bypass, or the tilting
angle at which the burners fire the furnace. The simplest
method for controlling steam temperature is to monitor the
temperature of the steam as it exits the boiler and change
the position of the spray water valve.
 BOILER MAIN COMPONENTS

1. Boiler shell
2. Burner
3. Mud ring or mud drum
4. Furnace
5. Safety valve
6. Steam separator
7. Strainer
8. Sight glass
9. Drain
10. Feed pump
 BOILER MAIN COMPONENTS

11. Ash pit

12. Grate
13. Pressure gauge
14. Fusible plug
15. Blow-off cock
16. Feed check valve
17. Water level indicator
 BOILER SHELL

The outer cylindrical

portion of a pressure
level
 BURNER

The boiler
burner provides the heat
necessary for converting
water in the boiler into
steam and is attached to
the boiler. Think of the
burner as an industrial
blowtorch that is pushing
heat into the boiler. It
increases or decreases
the heat injected based
on steam demand.
 MUD RING OR MUD DRUM

The mud drum acts to

concentrate solids such
as salts formed from
hardness and silica or
corrosion products
carried into the boiler.
Colder, denser water
flows to the mud drum
through a small number
of downcomer tubes,
and rises to the steam
drum through a much
larger number of riser
 FURNACE

An enclosed space
provided for the
combustion of fuel
 SAFETY VALVE

The main function of

a safety valve is to
relieve pressure. It is
located on the boiler
steam drum, and will
automatically open
when the pressure of
the inlet side of the
valve increases past
the preset pressure.
 STEAM SEPARATOR

A device for
removing the
entrained water
from steam
 STRAINER

A device, such as filter

to retain solid particles
allowing a liquid to
pass
 DRAIN

A valve
connection at the
lowest point for
the removal of all
water from the
boiler
 SIGHT GLASS

A sight glass or water

gauge is a type of level
sensor, a transparent
tube through which the
operator of a tank or
boiler can observe the
level of liquid contained
within.
 FEED PUMP

A pump
supplies
water to
a boiler
 PRESSURE GAUGE

This indicates
the pressure of
the steam in the
boiler
 GRATE

The grate is a series of

bars or narrow plates in
the bottom of the fire box
. The ashes fall through
the grate into the ash pit
 FUSIBLE STEAM

Where is the fusible
plug in small boilers
located? Steam Boiler
Fusible plug is a pressure
safety valve (PSV) which
defends the boiler from
failure due to high
pressure. 
 STEAM STOP VALVE

It regulates
the flow of
steam
supply
outside
 HOW TO START BOILER

• FUEL VALVE ON POSITION

• ON BURNER PUT TO AUTO POSITION
• WAIT UNTIL THE BURNER ALREADY START
• IF BURNER ALREADY FIRE UP
• WAIT UNTIL THE PRESSURE IS EASY
• THEN THE PRESSURE OF THE BOILER GOING UP
UNTIL REACH THE PRESSURE NEEDED.
 HOW TO STOP BOILER

• SWITCH OFF BOILER OFF POSITION

• FUEL VALVE OFF POSITION
• CLOSED FUEL VALVE ON TANK
• OPEN FUNNEL BOARD
• SWITCH OFF MAIN CONTROL 230 VOLTS
• SWUTCH OFF BLOWER MOTOR
• SWITCH OFF FEED WATER PUMP AUTO OFF POSITION
• SECURED ALL FUEL LINE VALVE OF FRESH WATER LINE
IN VALVE
• IF THE BOILER PRESSURE GOING DOWN OPEN AIR VENT
VALVE.