WATER TUBE BOILER

Boiler is an enclosed steel pressure vessel in which water under pressure is converted into steam
by the application of combustion.

FUNCTION OF THE BOILER

 Used in steam turbines to develop electricity energy

 Used to run steam engines
 Used heat building in homes in cold weather
 Provide hot water for water supply

TYPES OF BOILERS BASED ON HEAT SOURCES

 Gas boiler
 Oil boiler
 husk fired boilers
 Electric boiler biomass boiler
 High-efficiency boiler
 Water-tube boiler and, of which, is interest of study

WATER TUBE BOILER

The water tube boiler are boilers mainly used for generating steam with high temperature as well
as pressure. The internal structure of this boiler includes a tiny steam drum, small width tubes.
The components of this boiler generate high-volume vapor for high-capacity application.

COMPONENTS OF WATER TUBE BOILR

The water tube boiler can be built with boiler shell, burner, mud drum or mud ring, furnace,
safety valve, strainer, sight glass, feed check valve, steam stop valve.

 Boiler shell: This shell is the external cylindrical part of the pressure container
 Mud drum: This is a cylindrical formed space at the base of the water space. he
impurities like mud, sediments and others will be gathered
 Strainer: This is a type of device as a filter to hold solid elements letting a fluid to supply
 Sight glass: A glass tube is utilized on steam type boilers for giving observable signs of
the water level in boiler
 Security valve: A spring -loaded tap that unlocks when force gets the location of the
valve. This can be used for stopping the unnecessary force from the construction of a
boiler
 Boiler: This is surrounded space offered for the fuel combustion
 Feed -test tap: The high -force water flows via this tap, which release to the boiler simply
and supplies the water to the water type boiler
 Steam – stop tap: It controls the steam flow supply at outside
 Burner: This is one type of device for the beginning of air and fuel into a boiler at the
preferred velocity. This is the most essential apparatus for the firing of the gas or oil

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF WATER TUBE BOILER

The working principle of water tube boiler is thermal siphoning. At first, the water is supplied
into the steam type drum with the help of the water pump. Whenever the fuel is burned, then hot
gases will be generated that are permitted to supply in the shell part of the boiler. The hot gasses
which are produced by fuel will replace heat by water, the water get changed into steam.
Because, the water temperature increases, the concentration will increase automatically.
Clearly, the concentration of the steam will be lesser than the water. Thus, in the steam drum the
water. thus, as well as steam, gets divided obviously due to variation in concentration. Here the
travelling stream will be upward because of low concentration as well as water will travel
downward because of high concentration. the flow of hot water at the base of the steam drum
will be supplied into mud drum via down comer tube as well as to heat the water in the mud type
drum. Whenever cooler supply water is initiated into steam type drum due to the high
concentration of cool water and it moves down in the down comer type tube near mud drum.

When transferring hot water from the mud type drum to steam type drum using riser tube then it
consequences in normal water circulation in the water tube type boiler .As additional steam is
generated in the boiler then the force in the drum enhance and the Water supply into the drum
reduces which tend for decreases the flow of the steam .In the same way ,when the production
rate of steam reduces the force in the water tube boiler reduces and the water supply into the
boiler enhances which tends to enhance the production rate . like this the water tube boiler
controls the production of steam.

BOILER SAFETY PRECAUTION TO AVOID EXPLOSIONS

 Hydraulic should be carried out at a defined pressure before the start of boiler
 Check if the pump inlets are open at the start of a boiler
 Regular cleaning of the perforated line is necessary
 Make sure that the boiler vents are not restricted by any kind of obstruction such as cloth
 All loose connection and connection must be checked and make sure are rectified before
starting the boiler

ADVANTAGES OF WATER TUBE BOILER

 Overall efficiency is up to 90% with an economizer

 It requires less floor area for a given output
 Load fluctuation can be easily handed
 This can be used in larger power plant
 The direction of the water circulation is well defined
 Maximum working pressure of the water tube boiler is 250 bar
DISADVANATGES OF THE WATR TUBE BOILER

 Complex design and high militance

 A skilled operator is required
 Treatment of feed water is very essential in a water tube boiler as a small-scale deposit
inside the tube can cause overheating and bursting
 For the same power output, the cost of a water tube boiler is high

APPLICATION OF THE WATER TUBE BOILER

 Such as sugar mill

 The chemistry industry
 Power plant
 Paper mill
 Textile factory