Lab Equipment Training S

R & D Carbon
Laboratory Apparatus’
Description of Apparatus
Basic Operation
Installation
Sample Preparation
Results
Compiled by
RDC 141 – CO2 Reactivity
Coke
Pressure Gauge
Air Out
Air In
Programmer
Furnace
Gas Regulator – 2 Bar

 Description of Apparatus
- Tube Reactor – Allows for flow of CO2 via gas inlet
into the inner tube
- Gas is preheated before flowing upwards through
the sample
- Type K thermocouple with a precision better than
+/- 0.375%
- Furnace has a good vertical temperature distribution
from 20 – 1000º C in less than one hour
 Basic Operation
- Calibration – once / week and after any maintenance on
apparatus
- Empty inner quartz tube, place in furnace ; cover and clamp
- Gas pressure set to 2 bar; gas flow rate to 50 l/h
- On 1000º C standard sample is placed in inner quartz tube and
recovered
- Press “MAN” on programmer to activate Apparatus
- Furnace automatically switches off after 100 minutes
- After 45 minutes an alarm will sound
- Remove internal reaction tube & place in holder to cool for about
10 minutes
- Press “MAN” on programmer to end test
- Weigh the remaining in % weight loss
 Installation
- Quality of gas is important – refer to manual page 21
- Inlet pressure not to exceed 7 bar & use appropriate tubing
- Keep apparatus away from any door or building structure
- Well ventilated location or use fume hood where fresh air is
continuously recycled
- Avoid exposure to excessive levels of Carbon Monoxide gas
- Support apparatus at the base when removing it out of the crate
- Check apparatus for any visible signs of damage that may have
occurred during transportation
- Power plug not supplied – have apparatus wired by qualified
electrician
- Apparatus must be properly grounded
 Sample Preparation
- Representative sample in accordance with ISO
Doc. 6375
- Divide into 3 fractions by sieving (ISO Doc. 2325)
-I > 1.4 mm (II b Crushed to 1 – 1.4 mm)
II a 1 – 1.4 mm
III < 1 mm
- Fractions IIa & IIb are mixed
- Dry at 120º C ± 2º C to constant weight
- If sample material is coated with oil, rinse with Methylene
Chloride before drying (ISO Doc. 8723)
- Coke Sample – Weight 5 ± 0.001g
 Results
Calculate the reactivity in % weight loss as follows:
initial weight – final weight 100

RCO2 = ----------------------------------- ● ------ %
initial weight 1
RDC 142 – Air Reactivity
Coke
Pressure Gauge
Air Out
Air In
Microprocessor
Furnace
Gas Regulator – 2 Bar

- Tube Reactor – Allows for flow of Air via gas inlet
into the inner tube
- Gas is preheated before flowing upwards through
the sample
- Type K thermocouple with a precision better than
+/- 0.375%
- Furnace has a good vertical temperature distribution
from 20 – 1000º C in less than one hour
- Microprocessor controls heating / cooling cycle and calculates
air reactivity in %/min
- Microprocessor detects sample ignition temperature
automatically
- 2 heat-up rate curves available (0.5 or 10º C / minute)
 Basic Operation
- Calibration – once / week and after any maintenance on apparatus
- Empty inner quartz tube, place in furnace ; cover and clamp
- Select heat – up rate (0.5 or 10º C / minute)
- When standby temperature of the furnace is reached, place sample in
inner quartz tube
- Press start button and adjust gas pressure to 2 bar; air flow rate to
50 l/h
- Do not change heat-up rate during test
- Once ignition temperature is detected by microprocessor the heating
cycle stops. Furnace cools down to standby temperature and alarm
will sound
- Read ignition temperature from the LCD display. To view most recent
result press “CAL” button
- Remove inner quartz tube, empty out sample & replace in outer tube
 Installation
- Air should be relatively free of water (less than 100ppm)
- Keep apparatus at least 25 cm away from any door or wall
electrician
- Representative sample in accordance with ISO Doc. 6375
II a 1 – 1.4 mm
III < 1 mm
 Results
Air Reactivity Result in %/min is shown together

with ignition temperature on LCD Display of
Microprocessor
RDC 143 – Thermal Conductivity
Anodes
Sample Pre-heater
Water Thermostat
Microprocessor
Measuring Unit
Calibration &
Measurement
- Apparatus consists of a measuring unit, control
box, water thermostat and sample pre-heater
- Measurement cell; bottom section stabilized at
20º C, upper head heated to 60º C
- Sample pre-heater holds approximately 40 samples
at a temperature of 40º C
- Thermostat temperature is maintained at 20º C ±
0.5º C
- Control unit calculates results automatically @ W/mK
- Equipment to be calibrated before a series of measurements
- Replace standard sample at least once every 3 months
- Recommended to have two standards
 Basic Operation
- Before calibration and routine sample analysis, warm up
equipment for at least 24 hours
- Do not switch apparatus off
- No sample is to be inserted while apparatus conducts an
internal calibration (When switching on or after power failure)
- Do not mark samples on flat surfaces. This affects results
- Place samples in pre-heater 20 minutes before measuring
- Place one sample in measuring cell with insulation ring and
clamp
- Press measuring button
- Measurement takes a few minutes
- Take results.
 Installation
- Power plug not supplied – have apparatus wired by qualified electrician
- Apparatus to be placed on a solid, flat working surface
- Do not install below a window, air-conditioner or beside a door
(apparatus is EXTREMELY sensitive to a thermal unstable environment)
- Laboratory temperature to remain constant at 21 – 23 º C
- Supply equipment with constant voltage (install stabiliser if necessary)
- Adjust water flow to 40 l/h on thermostat
- Sample pre-heater temperature must be adjusted to 40 º C
- Use only distilled water in thermostat
- Core to be extracted from a larger body and
sampling to be carried out according to ISO 8007
- Core diameter 50 ± 0.4 mm. Height 20 ± 0.1 mm
(use grinding machine RDC 149)
- If sample surfaces are not completely flat and
parallel to each other, wrong results will be obtained
- Wash and dry samples at 120º C ± 5º C for 12
hours and let cool to room temperature before measuring
- Record sample dimensions (diameter and height)
 Results
Results in W/mK are automatically calculated by the

microprocessor and displayed
It is recommended to take the value given for the 3rd

result
RDC 144 – Compressive
Strength & Young’s Modulus
Deflection Transducer
Press Assembly
Microprocessor
Waste Shovel
Printer
Hydraulic Control
Unit (inside)
- The apparatus consists of a press assembly where
the sample is placed and a force applied by a load
cell, hydraulic control unit for a compressive force,
transducer to measure deflection and microprocessor
- Microprocessor calculates results automatically
- Results are printed
- Sample is compressed in press assembly unit and crushed (eye
protection is necessary)
- Both compressive strength and young’s modulus
measurements are done simultaneously
 Basic Operation
- Sample is subjected to an applied compressive load
- Deflection of sample under load and load at fracture are measured
- Results are calculated by microprocessor and printed
- Set date, time and sample number before measuring
- Calibrate with steel cylinder (50 mm) before conducting a series of
measurements – press “CAL”
- Small variations in core diameter of ± 0.2 mm are acceptable
- If diameter variations are greater – change diameter reading
- Sample placed in press assembly – press “START”
- Clean sample dust from press assembly after every measurement
- If sample is too weak, young’s modulus cannot be calculated “BAD
SAMPLE”
- If a very strong sample does not fracture under maximum load, value
displayed will be incorrect
 Installation
- Check apparatus for any visible signs of damage that may have occurred
during transportation
- Once located, remove transducer from protective package and place in
locating hole on top of press assembly
- Attach shovel holder with two screws provided
- Level of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic control unit should reach the mark
line. If it needs topping, use only an approved hydraulic oil
- Check pressure relief valve on hydraulic control – set to 110 bar
- Check that bottom plate is driven upwards with 3 s/mm. Do not take into
account the first 3 mm. Velocity is adjusted by turning the oil flow valve
inside the apparatus
- Core to be extracted from a larger body and
sampling to be carried out according to ISO 8007
- Core diameter 50 mm (48 – 52 mm acceptable)
- Length 50 ± 0.1 mm
- Wash sample and dry at 120 ± 5º C for 12 hours and cool to
room temperature
- Measure sample diameter before testing (to a precision of 0.1
mm, e.g. 50.3 mm)
- If diameter on apparatus is not adjusted to core diameter of
sample, it may be necessary to calculate deviation manually
from results obtained
 Results
- CS: Compressive Strength MPA
- YM: Young’s Modulus GPA

RDC 145 – Air Permeability
Anode
Pressure adjustment Pressure Meter (bar)
Capillary standard
Microprocessor
Measuring liquid
Measuring and calibration
Measuring head
Ventilation fan
- Results are calculated automatically by a
microprocessor and presented on a display
- The unit consists of a permeability cell, a vacuum
pump, U-tube with sensors and control box
- The permeability cell has been designed to ensure
airtight sealing around the periphery of the sample
 Basic Operation
- Gas permeability of anodes is measured (pores larger than 50

micrometers) by measuring the time a gas needs to pass in order
to refill a partly evacuated system
- Gas permeability influences greatly on both burning reactions
- Calibrate the apparatus before conducting a series of measurements
- Do not mark samples on flat surfaces. This affects results
- Record sample dimensions
- Insert sample into permeability cell and by turning set clamping in
upper position
- Set pressure to 2 ± 0.5 bar
- Press “START” (test measurements take about 1 minute)
- Replace filter paper and foam stopper regularly
 Installation
electrician
- Supplied oil has to be filled into the pressure control unit (U-tube).
It must reach the mark line of equilibrium
- Sampling to be carried out according to procedure
specified in ISO 8007
- Sample required has a length of 20 ± 0.1 mm and
a diameter of 50 mm ± 0.4 mm (sample prepared
on RDC 149 Grinding Machine
- Two faces must be parallel with a tolerance of ±
0.5 mm
 Results
- Results are calculated automatically by a
microprocessor and presented on a display
- Results given in Unit Nanoperm (nPm)
RDC 146 – CO2 Reactivity
Anode
Pressure meter (2 bar)

Air flow indicator (200l/h)
Pressure control
Controller Movable lid
Furnace
- Apparatus consists of 1 or more furnaces each
with an electronically-controlled, movable lid, an
electrical transformer, a control box with a temperature
controller and a microprocessor for controlling the furnace and
gas operations
- Two samples are heated simultaneously in one furnace
- Apparatus Symmetry is important for result accuracy and
should be checked weekly
 Basic Operation
- Carboxy reactivity is dependent on two anode properties: a) The
intrinsic CO2 Reactivity and b) The permeability of the anode
- The test exposes the anode to a carbon dioxide atmosphere at a
temperature of 960º C for 7 hours
- After cooling, the samples are mechanically tumbled with steel balls
in the RDC 181 – Tumbling Apparatus
- The total weight loss is divided into 2 components; Loss due to
burning & loss due to dust
- All results are calculated in % loss
- Wear gloves when handling samples
- Measure ONLY baked carbon samples
- Insert weighed samples in sample holder & lower furnace lid
- Press “MAN” and check that 200L CO2 /h is supplied to the furnace
- After test, remove samples from furnace & leave to cool
- Weigh each sample with it’s corresponding dust
- Tumble sample for 18 minutes and weigh residue only
- Calculate results
 Installation
- Quality of gas is important

- Keep apparatus more than 25 cm away from any door or building
structure
continuously recycled (hood ventilator to have suction capability of
about 300m3/h
- Support apparatus at the base when removing it out of the crate. Use
overhead crane (use support structures provided on equipment)
electrician
- Turn switch marked “COVER” to “up” position and remove any packing
material
- Switch apparatus on one to two days before commissioning
a diameter of 50 mm ± 0.4 mm
- Sample to be washed and dried at 120 ± 5º C for
12 hours and cooled to room temperature
 Results
- Each sample is weighed prior to testing (M0)
- Each sample and its associated dust is weighed
(M1) after the test
- Each sample residue is weighed after 20 minutes
tumbling (M2)
CRR = M2 X 100/M0 (Carboxy Reactivity Residue%)

CRD = (M1-M2) X 100/M0 (Carboxy Reactivity Dust%)
CRL = (M0-M1) X 100/M0 (Carboxy Reactivity Loss%)
RDC 147 – Resistivity
Coke
Control Unit /
Press Assembly
Microprocessor
Printer
Waste
jar
- The apparatus consists of a press assembly, a
hydraulic control unit, transducer for measuring
the height on the granular column and a control
box (microprocessor)
 Basic Operation
- The specific electrical resistance, bulk density and
compressibility of coke is measured
- A fraction of granular coke is pressed in a cylinder and a fixed
and constant current (DC) is applied
- The voltage drop and the height of the granular column under
zero and full load is measured
- Results are calculated automatically by the microprocessor
- Data is printed on paper
- Coke material is fed to the measuring cell through a funnel
- At the end of the measurement, the base plate moves to open
the cell and the contents are emptied by gravity
- Apparatus to be calibrated prior to conducting a series of tests
 Installation
- Support apparatus at the base when removing it out of the crate (use
overhead crane if required)
electrician
- Check the level of hydraulic oil in control unit. Use only approved
hydraulic oil for topping up
- Equipment may be switched off if no sampling is done
- Apparatus to be switched on at least 15 minutes before conducting
any measurement
- Representative sample in accordance with ISO
Doc. 6375
II a 1 – 1.4 mm
III < 1 mm
 Results
- Results are calculated automatically by the
microprocessor as follows:
RES = MOHM
BD = Bulk Density in g/cm3 or kg/l
PD = Pressed Density in g/cm3 or kg/l
CON = Contraction factor in %
RCY = Resiliency in % of the coke after reduction of
the pressure
RDC 148 – Diamond
Wheel Saw
Diamond wheel
Motor
Movable saw table
- The machine consist of a motor, diamond wheel
and moveable saw table
- Cores with a diameter of 50 mm can be cut to a
maximum length of 130 mm
 Basic Operation
- Keep hands and fingers clear of saw blade while cutting
- Always wear protective glasses during sawing
- Place sample on sawing table and start the motor
- If length required is 50 mm, insert steel cylinder with a
length of 80 mm (not delivered) between saw and sample
- Open tap during sawing
- Hold sample with both hands and push table as far as it will go
- Return the saw table and remove the two parts of the sample
- Clean equipment after a series of cuts in order to move the saw
table easily
 Installation

(use overhead crane if required)
- Check that the saw turns against the operator (down)
- Connect to water supply; upper connection for tap, and lower
connection for water outlet
- Distance between saw and screw on right side of sawing table must be
130 mm (check from time to time)
- Equipment to be switched off if no cutting is done
RDC 149 – Grinding
Machine
Motor
Diamond wheel
(2 X – inside)
Water flow meter Automatic saw

table (inside)
- Grinding machine consists of a motor, two
diamond wheels and a automatic saw table
- Machine produces samples with a length of 20 ±
0.05 mm
- A tolerance for the cylinder length of 0.05 mm
can
be achieved
 Basic Operation
- Keep hands and fingers clear of saw blade while
cutting
- Always wear protective glasses during sawing
- Core Dimensions: Max. diameter 51 mm, max length 220 mm
and min length 40 mm
- Place sample on sawing table and fix it with black screen in
front of apparatus
- Close cover and press “START”
- Open tap during sawing; check water flow 150 l/h
- Equipment stops automatically
- Clean equipment after a series of cuts in order to
move the saw table easily
 Installation
electrician
- Check that the saw turns against the operator (down)
- Connect to water supply; upper connection for tap, and lower
connection for water outlet
- Adjust water flow to 150 l/h
- Equipment to be switched off if no cutting is done
RDC 150 – Spec. Elec.
Resistance - Anode
Display
Contact needles
Piston for needle
position adjustment
Sample holder
- The apparatus consists of a sample holder with a
current block at each end
- Two contact needles set 50 mm apart to measure
actual voltage drop
- Voltmeter with digital display panel for showing
results
 Basic Operation
- Spec. Elec. Resistance is determined by measuring the
voltage drop on a cylindrical sample at a constant current of
1 Ampere
- Keep hands and fingers clear of the sample holding device
during measurement
- Calibration is done before each series of measurements
- Place sample in holding device and check that needles are
equidistant from each other
- Press “START” and keep it pressed until result is displayed
- Carry out 4 measurements rotating the sample 90º each
time
 Installation
electrician
- Check level of hydraulic oil. If it needs topping, use only approved
oil
- Machine may be switched off if no sampling is done
- Sample core with a length of 130 mm and a
diameter of 50 mm
- Minimum specimen length 90 mm (position of
current block must be adjusted)
 Results
- The measurement result is given in µΩm
- Results are shown on the digital display
- 4 measurements are taken per sample
- Calculate the average of the measurements for
individual results
- Where the results exceeds 20 µΩm, round off the
value to the nearest whole number
RDC 151 – Air Reactivity
Anode
Air pressure controller

Flowmeter display
Controller Furnace
Sample holding
rod
Agitating mechanism
- Apparatus consists of 1 or three furnaces each
with an electrical transformer, a control box with a
temperature controller and a microprocessor for
controlling the furnace and gas operation
- The sample holder is manually controlled and has a
dust collection tray with agitation mechanism
- Symmetry is important for result accuracy and
should be checked weekly
- Measure only baked carbon samples
 Basic Operation
- Air reactivity is dependent on two anode properties: a) The intrinsic air

Reactivity and b) The permeability of the anode
- The test exposes the anode to an atmosphere of air at a preset
temperature program (550-440 º C, 15º C/h) for 10 hours
- After cooling, the samples are mechanically tumbled with steel balls in the
RDC 181 – Tumbling Apparatus
- The total weight loss is divided into 2 components; Loss due to burning &
loss due to dust
- All results are calculated in % loss
- Wear gloves when handling samples
- Measure ONLY baked carbon samples
- Place samples on sample rod
- Press “MAN” and check that 200L Air/h is supplied to the furnace
- After test, remove samples from furnace & leave to cool
- Weigh each sample with it’s corresponding dust
- Tumble sample for 20 minutes and weigh residue only
- Calculate results
 Installation
- Quality of gas is important

- Keep apparatus more than 25 cm away from any door or building
structure
continuously recycled (hood ventilator to have suction capability of
about 300m3/h)
- Support apparatus at the base when removing it out of the crate. Use
overhead crane (use support structures provided on equipment)
electrician
- Switch apparatus on one to two days before commissioning
- A hole 7 mm in diameter is to be drilled at the bottom centre of
the cylinder to a depth of 30 ± 0.5 mm (Important Step)
- Weigh initial sample to the nearest 0.1 g prior to testing
 Results
- Each sample is weighed prior to testing (M0)
- Each sample and its associated dust is weighed
(M1) after the test
- Each sample residue is weighed after 20 minutes
tumbling (M2)
ARR = M2 X 100/M0 (Air Reactivity Residue%)

ARD = (M1-M2) X 100/M0 (Air Reactivity Dust%)
ARL = (M0-M1) X 100/M0 (Air Reactivity Loss%)
RDC 152 – Density in
Xylene
Reservoir for
Xylene
Vacuum Container
Controller Pycnometer
Vacuum Pump
- The unit consists of a vacuum pump, a vacuum
controller, container for the pycnometer and a
support
- The container has a removable lid, and the outlet
is connected to the pumping device
- The filling device has a reservoir for the Xylene, a
stopper and a tube that is placed in the pycnometer
 Basic Operation
- Density of anode structure affects CO2 and Air burning behaviour or

cracks due to thermoshock
- The equipment is able to measure the density in Xylene with a high
accuracy
- Always wear protective glasses and gloves
- Firstly; calibrate the pycnometer to obtain the volume three times to
obtain average (User’s Manual)
- Then, determine density of Xylene with 3 different pycnometers
- Weigh 5 ± 0.1 g of sample into the pycnometer
- Place in container and close container
- Evacuate for 15 minutes at a pressure of 1.3 ± 0.3 kPa
- Fill with Xylene ~ 20 mm
- Close with stopper and continue evacuation for a further 30 minutes
and then press start/stop for min. of 3 seconds to get back to air
pressure
- Remove pycnometer and top up with xylene and insert stopper
- Allow to settle 10 minutes
- Place pycnometer in bath at 25º C
- Weigh pycnometer with sample and xylene
 Installation
- The apparatus must be installed in an efficiently ventilated fume
cupboard
- Support apparatus at the base when removing it out of the crate.
Be careful with glass ware
electrician
- The glass ware has to be assembled, then connect the pump to the
vacuum controller and the measurement support
- Set point for vacuum pump to be adjusted to 13 mbar (use <;>
push buttons)
- Sample is crushed to pass a 4mm screen
- Sample is then ground to pass a 63 µm
sieve
- Dry sample at 120º C for 8 hours
- Cool down and store in a desiccator
 Results
- The density of the sample p is expressed in grams
per ml
M3
---------------------------
M4 – (M0 + M3)
V - -----------------------
px
V = Volume of Pycnometer (M1 – M0 / 0.997052)

M1 = Mass of Pycnometer filled with water at 25º C
M0 = Mass of Pycnometer
M2 = Mass of Pycnometer filled with Xylene
M3 = Mass of Test Portion
M4 = Mass pf Pycnometer with test portion and Xylene
Px = Density of Xylene (M2 – M0 / V)
RDC 153 – Bulk Density
Coke
Funnel
Feed Table Tamping Mechanism
Measuring Cylinder
Control Panel
- The apparatus consists of a bulk volumeter for
determining the tapped bulk density of solids
- It also has a vibratory feeder
- Tamping mechanism
- 5 Digit electronic pre-selector
- Measuring Cylinder
- ISO/DIS 10 236
 Basic Operation
- The coke bulk density, when considered together with the density, is
one criterion for assessing the porosity of anodes
- Bulk density depends on the size, shape and porosity of grains
- 95 – 105 g of sample is placed into funnel
- Turn on bulk volumeter and vibratory feeder simultaneously at the
on/off switch and left hand dial on the feeder from 0 to 1
- Ensure that test portion is transferred to cylinder evenly in about 45
± 15 seconds
- Switch feeder off
- Volumeter will stop after 1500 tampings
- Read volume to 1 cm3 on cylinder (record as V)
 Installation
- Support apparatus at the base when removing it
out of the crate. Be careful with glass ware
- Check apparatus for any visible signs of damage
that may have occurred during transportation
- Power plug not supplied – have apparatus wired
by qualified electrician
- The number of ‘taps’ must be set on the control
panel and checked (refer to page 12 of manual)
- Take a representative sample of the coke according to ISO 6375
- Dry uncrushed sample in an oven at 120 ± 5º C
- Separate sample into classes by screening through wire sieves
- For the test grain sizes 3.15 to 4 mm and/or 1 to 2 mm are used
- If the granular range 0.25 to 8 mm is to be examined, the following
classes are recommended:
4 to 8 mm
2 to 4 mm
1 to 2 mm
0.5 to 1 mm
0.25 to 0.5 mm
- Weigh 95 to 105 g to nearest 0.1 g (m) and place in funnel
 Results
- Bulk density is determined from the mass and volume of the
granular material after tamping
- (TPD) Tapped bulk density is expressed in grams per cubic
centimeter
m
TPD = -----
V
M = mass of test portion (g)
V = Volume after test portion tamping (cm3)
RDC 155 – Dust Fineness
BLAINE
Load Piston
Display
U-Tube Operation Buttons
Printing Unit
Sample Holder
Dust Foam Filter

- The apparatus consists of a permeable powder
cell, a membrane pump, a U-tube with liquid level
sensors and a microprocessor for data acquisition,
calculation and calibration operations
 Basic Operation
- The BLAINE apparatus measures the fineness of granular materials
in terms of specific surface area
- Apparatus to be calibrated daily with capillary calibrator
- Height to be calibrated to 50 ± 0.1 mm
- Place sample on top of the filter paper and insert the sample handling
piston (do not press)
- Place a second filter paper on top of the sample and insert sample
piston to set filter paper
- Place cylinder on top of the base of the connecting pipe
- Press ‘start’
- BLAINE result is displayed and printed
- Clean equipment
 Installation
out of the crate
- Dust free environmental conditions are a pre-requisite
- Fill the U-tube with the 125 ml liquid provided
- Place a sponge filter in the hole of the connecting pipe at
the base of the cell assembly to the air pump
- Sampling of dust to be carried out according to
ISO 6375 standard
- Dry sample (106º C, 12 h) if the humidity is such
that the raw materials may have absorbed
moisture
- a 70 ± 1 g test portion is weighed and should be
stored in a desiccator if measurement is not made
immediately
 Results
- The BLAINE number is a dimensionless number
RDC 156 – Grain Stability
Control Panel
Electrical Motor
Steel Cylinder Ball Mill

- A sample of petroleum coke is agitated for 3.5
minutes with 1 kg of steel balls
- Apparatus consists of :
Electrical Motor and Ball Mill
2 Steel Cylinders for holding the samples
2 x 1 kg steel balls (ø 10 mm)
Control Panel
- Requires sieves of 8 and 4 mm and pan (not
included)
 Basic Operation
- Abrasion causes wear of materials and in coke, it causes a reduction
in the grain size distribution
- This affects the pitch content and forming conditions as well as
environment (dust emission during loading / unloading operations)
- Place 100 ± 0.01 g into each steel vessel
- Place in swinging mill and close lid
- Adjust timer to 3.5 minutes
- Push start button
- When it stops, empty contents onto sieves (8 mm on top of 4 mm
and pan at the bottom)
- Screen by hand (5 dozen horizontal movements in about 30 seconds)
 Installation
out of the crate. Weight 40 kg
- Sampling done in accordance to ISO 6375
- Sample should not be pre-crushed
- Sieve bulk sample until 200 g of coke 8 – 4 mm is
obtained
- Divide the 200 g in two test samples of 100 g
each
 Results
- Weigh portion of material on 4 mm screen (M1)
- Weigh 2nd sample and record as (M2)
- The grain stability is determined from the mean of
the results ([M1 + M2] / 2) and expressed as a %
of the original sample mass
RDC 157 – Core Grinding
Machine
Motor
Control Switches
Control Box
Control Switches
Diamond Core Drill

- Automatic drilling machine to produce samples of ø
50 mm from full size anodes
- Maximum length 250 mm
- Uses water as a cooling agent
- Apparatus is controlled electronically
 Basic Operation
- Turn on the “off/on” switch (adjacent lamp will light)
- Hydraulic unit will drive the core drill bit to the upper position
- The green lamp “ready” will light
- The panel can be placed at any distance (up to 5 m)
- Press “start” and drill starts to turn and cooling water will flow
- Adjust velocity to 15 seconds for 100 mm with throttle valve
located on the front panel of the control box
 Installation
Weight 250 kg
- Transport with forklift
- Lift with overhead crane
electrician
- Use only approved hydraulic oil in hydraulic control unit
- Verify that bit turns clockwise
- Water connection has to be fitted
- Turn on the automatic cut-out switch on the panel of the control
box (it can always remain on)
RDC 158 – Thermal Dilatation
Anode
Furnace
Sample Insertion Rod
Length Measuring
Temperature Controller Unit
Air Pressure Control
- Measurement of mechanical properties for carbon
anodes is important due to their influence on thermal
shock behaviour
- Thermal shock fracture results from the mechanical
stresses in an anode due to heat wave penetration
- The unit consists of a furnace, temperature controller,
Sylvac P10L Probe, a length measurement unit and a
pneumatic double acting cylinder for the insertion and
removal of samples
 Basic Operation
- A sample is heated in a furnace at a constant
temperature of 300º C and the expansion is
measured after 3 hours
- Insert samples to be measured. 3-6 seconds after
sample is in the top position, pre-set length
measurement unit to zero
- After 3 hours read the length difference on each
display
 Installation
- Support apparatus at the base when removing it out of the crate. May
be lifted with overhead crane
- Apparatus is extremely sensitive to ambient temperature and draught
(temp variations below 2º C)
- Before connecting to air supply, ensure that valve is open (turn to the
left)
- Air should be free of water (less than 100 ppm)
- Increase gas pressure slowly. Regulate to 2 bar
- Machine to be turned on two days prior to commissioning
- Insert a blank sample into the furnace during heating
- Maximum core diameter 50.8 mm
- Length 50 ± 0.2 mm
- Dry samples at 120º C for 12 hours and let to cool
to room temperature
 Results
- The average coefficient of thermal expansion is
measured (CTE) from 25 - 300º C
___ Δl 1000 x Δl
CTE (25-300º C) = -----------=--------------x 10-6 K-1
l x (300-25)K 13.75
Δl = Length difference (mm)

l = Length of sample (50 mm)
RDC 163 – Wetting Behaviour
Pitch
 Basic Operation
- A granular coke fraction 0.25 to 0.5 mm is tapped in a
cylinder (RDC 153 Bulk Density Coke) and granular pitch, 1-
2 mm is added on top
- 2 measurements are done simultaneously
- After a 2 hour soaking time at 200 º C in a forced air cabinet
the quantity of agglomerated coke is determined by weighing
- Granular coke material which is not agglomerated is removed
- Glass cylinders are weighed to determine the weight of the
agglomerated coke
- Cylinders cleaned by heating at 400º C in furnace
- Pitch size fraction 1-2 mm
- 15 g of coke and 5 g of pitch
- Typical petroleum coke crushed with a jaw
crusher (tapped bulk density on 1-2 mm fraction
= 0.83 kg/dm3)
- Coal tar pitch having a medium Ql content of 8%,
110º C Mettler softening point and having good
wetting behaviour
 Results
- Wetting power of pitch, when a standard coke is
used , and the wettability of coke, when a
standard pitch is used, can be calculated using
the following formula:
Weight of agglomerated coke

W = --------------------------------------
Weight of Pitch
W = Wetting behaviour (power) of pitch / wettability of coke

RDC 166 – Anode Bake Furnace
Control Box
Pneumatically operated
furnace cover
Air Connection
Furnace
- The anode baking furnace is used for the baking of green

bench scale electrodes and cores from green production anodes
- This operation ensures superior raw material selection and good
quality control of pre-baked anodes
- It also allows for the determination of coke quality, binder
requirement and sodium sensitivity
- The apparatus has a capacity of 10 samples per run. These are
surrounded by coke packing material
- The apparatus consists of an automatically operated, electrically
heated muffle furnace with pneumatically operated cover, a
control box, transformer, air pressure valve and connections for
air and exhaust
 Basic Operation
- Bake only Green carbon samples
- Electrodes are backed according to a desired pre-
set program (on Weldotherm controller)
- Shrinkage due to baking and baked apparent
density can be calculated
 Installation
- Inlet air pressure not to exceed 7 bar & use appropriate tubing
(not less than 25 cm)
- The apparatus MUST be connected to an efficient exhaust system
- Power plug not supplied. Have apparatus wired by qualified
electrician
- Adjust underpressure to about 100 Pa
- Green electrodes ø 50 mm and ± 95 mm height
- Sampling to be carried out according to procedure specified in ISO
8007
- Initial sample dimensions should be measured prior to baking (height,
weight and diameter)
- Electrodes are arranged in the steel container (up to 10) in packing
material
- Close furnace cover and push ‘start’
- After the baking cycle, allow furnace to cool down to 300 – 400º C
before removing steel container
- Check regularly for tar deposits in the exhaust pipe. This should not
exceed 1/3 of the tube diameter
- Remove tar by heating with a burner (vacuum system must be on)
RDC 170 – Fractioned
Distillation
Thermometer
Glass flask with side arm

Temperature Regulator
Heating Mantle
3 Glass beakers;
not included
Bunsen burner (100ml)
- Distillation unit for heating pitch consisting of:
retort stand, collar clamp, mounting arm,
thermometer, bunsen burner (not included) and
electronically controlled heating mantle
- 3 (100 ml) beakers are required (not included)
 Basic Operation
- Always wear protective glasses and gloves during a measurement

- Fractions 0-270º C and 0-360º C of volatiles from binder pitches are
measured
- Volatiles given off at each temperature are measured and expressed
as a % weight of the initial material
- Place sample in glass flask and clamp flask in position
- Place thermometer correctly
- Place insulation cap over flask
- Heat side arm gently with burner (not included) & place weighed
beaker under the outlet of side arm tube
- At 270º C replace first beaker with another (weighed) to collect 2nd
fraction
- At 360º C replace beaker with 3rd beaker and stop distillation
- Weigh collected fractions and record as F1 (0-270º C) and F2 (270-
360º C)
- Clean flask and beakers by heating in a muffle furnace at 500º C for
12 hours
 Installation
- Install in an efficiently vented HOOD and check that hood is
operating properly
- The mantle must not be energised without a flask containing liquid
- If the heating mantle gets wet, unplug from power supply
immediately
- Avoid exposure to excessive levels of gas
electrician
- Atmospheric pressure and room temperature can influence results
(ideal temperature between 15 - 25 º C)
- Sampling to be carried out as specified in ISO
6275
- Crush parent sample to pass a 8 mm screen and a
sub-sample of 100 ± 0.5 g is taken for analysis
 Results
- Atmospheric pressure and room temperature can influence results
- Room temperature should be between 15 – 25 º C
- A correction for the influence of the barometric pressure should be made
according to the table in RDC 170 User’s Manual (adjust temperature)
- Two fractions expressed as a % of the initial sample weight as follows:
F1
PD270 = ------ X 100%
M0
(F1+F2)
PD360 = ------ X 100%
M0
RDC 171 Quinoline Insoluble
Condenser
Flask
Heating Mantle
- The quinoline insoluble fraction of binder pitches
are measured by digesting an amount of binder
sample in quinoline at 80º C for a given time
- The solution is then filtered and the filter cake dried
- This is weighed and expressed as a % on the initial
material
- The apparatus consists of a Glassware-unit and a
filtration unit for extracting the insolubles
- Vacuum grease should be smeared on all the joints
and seals
 Basic Operation
- The quinoline has not been supplied with the
equipment
- Filter paper must be dried and placed in desiccator
- Before measuring, make sure that the hot-plate
and appropriate glassware is available
- The binder of pitch is weighed, digested with
quinoline at 80º C and filtered to extract the
insoluble material as a filter cake
- The cake is dried and weighed
 Installation
- Install in an efficiently vented HOOD and check that hood is operating
properly. Conduct all measurements in a fume cupboard
immediately
electrician
- Sampling to be done according to ISO 6257
- Parent sample is crushed to pass a 0.25 mm
screen and a sub-sample of 1 ± 0.5 g is taken for
analysis
 Results
- The quantity of quinoline-insoluble material,
expressed as a percentage by mass, is given by the
formula:
(M1 – M2)
Q1 = ---------------- x 100
M0
M0 = mass of test portion
M1 = Mass of filter paper and filter cake after drying
M2 = Mass of dried filter paper
RDC 172 Toluene Insoluble
Condenser
Flask
Heating Mantle
- The apparatus consists of a reflux unit for
boiling the pitch and toluene reagents as
well as a filtration unit for extracting the
insolubles
- Vacuum grease should be smeared on all
the joints and seals
 Basic Operation
- The toluene has not been supplied with the equipment
- Filter paper must be dried and placed in desiccator
- Cooling water must be available and flowing freely
- A vacuum source for the filter flask must be available (e.g. a water jet
or electric vacuum pump)
- Before measuring, make sure that the hot-plate and appropriate
glassware is available
- A sample of binder pitch is weighed, boiled under reflux with toluene
and filtered
- Place test portion with 150 ml toluene in 250 ml glass flask
- Start condenser water circulation and turn on heating mantle
- Bring contents to a steady boil and ensure that a reflux action occurs
(vapours should condense and drop back into flask) for 15 minutes
- Agitate the flask from time to time
- Heat 100 ml toluene to 100 º C on a hot plate. Insert a dried and
weighed filter paper into the filtration unit and moisten with hot
toluene (refer Ops Manual)
- When filtration is complete, remove filter paper and insolubles , dry
for two hours at 140º C - Weigh to the nearest 0.001 g
 Installation
- Install in an efficiently vented HOOD and check that hood is
operating properly. Conduct all measurements in a fume cupboard
immediately
electrician
- Sampling to be done according to ISO 6257
- Parent sample is crushed to pass a 0.25 mm
screen and a sub-sample of 1 ± 0.5 g is taken for
analysis
 Results
- The toluene insoluble fraction is also known as the sum of α and β
resins
- The quantity of toluene-insoluble material,
expressed as a percentage by mass, is given by the
formula:
(M1 – M2)
T1 = ---------------- x 100
M0
M1 = Mass of filter paper and filter cake after drying
M2 = Mass of dried filter paper
RDC 173 Water Content
Water Out
Condenser
Water In
500 ml Glass Flask
Heating Mantle
- The apparatus consists of a distillation unit for
heating the pitch
- Xylene is used for the measurements but has not
been included with the apparatus
 Basic Operation
- Perfect cleanliness of the apparatus is essential
- Remove all traces of contamination from the graduated receiver and from the
interior of the reflux condenser by washing with chromic-sulphuric acid, distilled
water and acetone. Dry
- Put ~2 ml water in receiver and fill with xylene. Open stop clock and close when
water level reaches 0
- Add 150 ml of xylene to distillation flask with test portion
- Heat gently until test portion dissolves and then adjust heat so that condensate
falls from the end of the reflux condenser at a rate of 2 – 5 drops / sec
- Continue until water level remains constant for 5 minutes in graduate receiver
- Allow to cool and read the volume of water to nearest scale division; correct
with any certified error of receiver
 Installation
- Install in an efficiently vented HOOD and check that hood is operating properly. - Conduct all
measurements in a fume cupboard
- If the heating mantle gets wet, unplug from power supply immediately
- Check apparatus for any visible signs of damage that may have occurred during
transportation
- Cooling water must be available and flowing freely
- Smear all joints and seals with vacuum grease
- Sampling to be carried out according to ISO 6375
- Parent sample is crushed to pass a 8 mm screen
and a sub-sample of 100 ± 0.1 g taken for
analysis
 Results
- The water content, expressed as a percentage by mass, is
given by the formula:
M1 x 100
--------------
M0

M1 = Mass of water collected in the receiver
Note: The assumption that 1 ml of water weighs 1 g is regarded

as accurate for the purpose of this determination
RDC 174 Binder Content
in Green Paste
Cooler
Extractor
Thimble
Flask
Heater
- This test is useful for the control of green paste
composition for green electrodes, Söederberg and
ramming paste
- The method is based on the extraction of the
binder in an apparatus using hot quinoline
- The apparatus consists of an Extractor Tube with
a volume of 1000 ml
- Flask Ø 48 mm, h = 200 mm
- Cooler
 Basic Operation
- 200 g sample weighed into extractor thimble
- Thimble placed in extractor and 750 ml fresh quinoline is added into
flask
- Cooler is then fitted on top of extractor and flask is heated up slowly
- When boiling, adjust water flow rate to obtain complete condensation
of quinoline vapours
- Apparatus is let under reflux until quinoline in extractor is clear (24 –
36 h)
- Quinoline is replaced with 750 ml methanol and the rest of the
quinoline is removed after 4 hours of reflux
- Apparatus is cooled and placed in a 400 ml beaker and dried in a
cabinet for 4 hours
- After cooling in desiccator, thimble is weighed
- Sample weight 200 g ± 0.1 g
- Granulometry : < 8 mm dried at 106º C for 2
hours
 Results
- Results are calculated as follows:
(I-F) X 100
Binder Content (%) = -----------------------
I
I = Initial Weight
F = Final Weight
RDC 175 Volatile Matter
Muffle Furnace
Temperature
Crucible stand
Controller
with Crucibles
- The apparatus is used to measure the volatile matter
of green coke produced in delayed coking process
- The method used is a conventional heating gravimetric
method, where volatile matter is calculated in terms of
loss from a test portion heated in a crucible at a fixed
temperature of 900º C for 7 minutes
- The apparatus consists of quartz crucibles with a
crucible stand, electric muffle furnace and temperature
controller
 Basic Operation
- Heat 6 quartz crucibles and lids for ± 1 hour at 900º C
- Allow crucibles to cool in dessicator to room temperature
- Weigh each crucible (without lid) to nearest 0.001g (Wc)
- Weigh ± 1g of test portion into each crucible and record weight to
nearest 0.001g (Wa)
- Put lids on and insert into crucible stand
- Insert into pre-heated furnace as quickly as possible
- Wait 7 minutes ± 5 seconds
- Remove crucibles from furnace and place on a cold base for 3 minutes
- Leave crucibles to cool in desiccator for 30 minutes
- Remove lids from crucible
- Weigh crucibles and samples to nearest 0.001g (Wb)
- Crucible stand must have ‘all’ crucibles placed in holder
- Double analysis for each sample is required
 Installation
electrician
- Connect the exhaust outlet to a piping system that disperses the
volatiles outside the building
- Program the temperature controller
- Press “start” button and ensure that temperature reaches 900 ± 10º C
within 30-40 minutes
- If the furnace is not used, turn off the rocker switch on the
temperature controller
- A laboratory sample of green coke is collected
according to the procedure specified in ISO 6375
- ± 200g of sample is crushed in a mortar so that it
passes through a sieve of 0.25 mm apertures
- The crushed and sieved product is dried in an
electric oven at 120 ± 2º C, to constant weight
Results
- The volatile matter of green coke, expressed as a
percentage by mass, is given by the following
formula:
(Wb - Wa) x 100
----------------------
Wb – Wc
Wa = Weight of crucible w/o lid + sample after test
Wb = Weight of crucible w/o lid + sample before test
Wc = Weight of crucible without lid
RDC 178 Coking Value
Temperature
Measuring Electric Furnace
Device
Crucibles and
Support
- The coking value is the amount of residue that is
obtained by heating pitch to 550º C
- The coking value of pitch is related to the density
of the binder matrix within the anode structure and
responsible for the following properties: apparent
density, permeability, thermal conductivity and other
mechanical properties
- The apparatus consists of an electric muffle furnace,
temperature measuring device, nickle and porcelain
crucibles and a support
 Basic Operation
- Heat 2 porcelain crucibles with lid for ± 2 hours at 560 ± 10º C
- Allow to cool to ambient temperature in desiccator and weigh
to nearest 0.001g
- Test portion of 1 ± 0.05g
- Make a bed of 10 ± 1 mm thick on base of nickel crucible. Place one of
porcelain crucibles with test portion & close lid
- Fill space between the two crucibles with more petroleum coke so that
the porcelain crucible is completely embedded
- Close nickel crucible with lid
- Repeat procedure with the other crucible and place on support in
furnace at 550 ± 10º C
- After 2,5 h, remove from furnace and allow to cool
- Weigh porcelain crucibles and contents to nearest 0.001g
 Installation
electrician
- Connect the exhaust outlet to a piping system that disperses the
volatiles outside the building
- Program the temperature controller
- Press “start” button and ensure that temperature reaches 550 º C and
that the temperature remains constant
- If the furnace is not used, turn off the key on the temperature
controller
- Sampling to be done according to ISO 6257 method
- If the sample is sufficiently hard, crush with small
jaw-crusher and grind in mortar to pass 300 µm
mesh sieve, and if possible, a 212 µm sieve
 Results
- The coking value, expressed as a percentage by
mass, is given by the formula:
M2 – M1
---------------- X 100
M0
M0 = Mass of test portion
M1 = Mass of empty porcelain crucible
M2 = Mass of porcelain crucible and residue
Report the mean value of the duplicate determinations
RDC 180 Bench Drilling Machine
On / Off Switch
Drill Alignment Drill Insert Handle
Handle Speed Adjustment
Chuck Centering Handle

 Basic Operation
- The apparatus is used to drill precision holes for
the cores used for Air Reactivity determination
- The centered hole has a diameter of 7 mm and is
30 mm deep
- It is important to align the apparatus correctly
- A steel cylinder has been provided to adjust the
drill depth
 Installation
- Support apparatus at the base when removing it out
of the crate
- Power plug not supplied – have apparatus wired by
qualified electrician
- Align drill, set drill depth and centre chuck
RDC 181 Tumbling Apparatus
Steel Cylinder
Motor
Sieve and Pan
Main Switch Start Button

 Basic Operation
- The apparatus is used in conjunction with the
RDC 151 (Air Reactivity) and RDC 146 (CO2
Reactivity Apparatus)
- Specimens to be tumbled are placed inside the
steel containers, lids are placed and tightened
- Steel containers are then placed in holders and
the start button is pressed
- Sieve and pan are used to separate specimen, dust and the
steel balls
 Installation
- Support apparatus at the base when removing it out
of the crate
- Power plug not supplied
– Have apparatus wired by qualified electrician
- Ensure that there are 50 steel balls in each cylinder
RDC 182 Mettler Sample Press
Pressure Gauge
Mould Assembly
Press
- The apparatus is used to produce the compressed
sample which is inserted into the Mettler Furnace
to in order to establish the softening point of the
binder
- The apparatus consists of a press (hydraulic driver
piston that applies a pressure of 100 bar to a
mould assembly mounted underneath)
 Basic Operation
- Place the test portion into the Top Ram Holder and insert the Top Ram
- Compress the pitch into the cup with 100 bar pressure by pressing
“PRESS”
- Sample is pressed for 15 seconds
- Remove mould assembly and rotate the upper half while keeping the
sample cup holder stationary
- This causes the pitch to shear horizontally at the top of the sample cup
- Separate the different parts of the mould assembly
- Clean the mould of all residual pitch to avoid misalignment or binding
- The sample cup can now be used for the determination of the softening
point
 Installation
- Power plug not supplied; have apparatus wired by qualified
electrician
- Assemble the Mould and place the sample cup with the smaller
diameter mounted downwards
- Place mould under the press and push “press” . Check that 100 bar is
applied. The pressure may have to be adjusted
- Sampling to be carried out in accordance with ISO
6257 method
- Parent sample is crushed to pass a 2 mm screen
and a sub-sample of 1 ± 0.01g is taken for
analysis
RDC 186 Density in Water
 Basic Operation
- Use same procedure as for density in Xylene
RDC 187 Flexural Strength
Microprocessor Load Bar and

Sample Holder
Printer
- Mechanical properties for carbon anodes such as
flexural strength are influenced by mixing
conditions
- Poor values may result in problems during anode
handling and decreased thermal cracking
resistance
- During the measurement, an increased force is
applied to a cylindrical shaped sample and the
value at which the sample fractures is measured
 Basic Operation
- Set date, time and sample identification number
- Measure sample diameter
- Set core diameter (small variations, up to ± 0.2 mm
are acceptable)
- Insert carbon sample core in the press assembly
- Push “Start”
- Clean press assembly of residue with a brush
- Results are calculated by microprocessor and
printed
 Installation
An overhead crane may be used (Weight 100 kg)
electrician
- Check the level of oil in pressure control unit (mark line) and use only
RDC approved oil if topping is required
- Pressure relief valve on the hydraulic control to be set to 45 bar
- Check that the bottom plate lifts at 5 s/mm. Do not take into account
the first 3 mm. Adjust by turning the oil flow valve inside the
apparatus
- The test specimen is to be extracted from a larger
body according to ISO 8007 procedure
- Core Ø 50 ± 1.0 mm, length 130 mm
 Results
- Flexural Strength is given in Mpa
RDC 188 Hardness Tester
Turn Screw
Base with
penetrating pins
- The apparatus is used to determine the degree of
hardness of the pre-baked anode butts
- The measurement is calculated by the depth of
penetration of two pins into the butt sample, by
rotating the screw mechanism
 Basic Operation
- A load of 20 kg with a maximum variation of 5 kg is to be
applied by the user
- Hold the instrument firmly with one hand on the oxidised
anode surface
- Slowly turn the handle until the pins touch and slightly
penetrate the carbon surface
- This is the starting position
- Turn the handle and count the number of half revolution
- The amount of revolutions including the last where instrument
motion is observed are counted
- This corresponds to the depth in mm
 Results
- Do 3 measurements on three different locations
and calculate the mean value
- Due to the scatter of anode butts, it is
recommended to measure at least 30 butts to
characterize a given population
Criterion for soft and hard butts
Hard : 1 to 3 mm
Medium : 4 to 5 mm
Soft : above 6 mm
RDC 192 Sodium Vapour Test
Manometer
Temperature Controller
Control Box Steel Vessel
Furnace
Vacuum Pump
- The apparatus is used to measure the chemical resistance of
carbon towards sodium
- The test specimen is heated together with sodium to 700º C for
2 hours
- After this treatment, the changed mechanical properties can be
determined by measuring the compressive strength
- The apparatus consists of a steel vessel where the sample is
placed in a furnace, a vacuum pump, a transformer and a
control box
- The control box has a temperature controller to regulate the
heat-up rate and two valves to switch between vacuum pump
and argon supply
 Basic Operation
- Sodium must never be exposed to water
- The sodium is not supplied with the apparatus
- Weigh the metal test tube without sample holder or lid
- Weigh ~ 13g ± 0.5g of sodium (dried with paper) and insert into test tube
- Insert sample holder with dried sample in test tube and close with lid
- Place in heater and connect test tube with the plastic tube on right side of
control box
- Press “START’ and start vacuum pump
- Open test tube valve until pressure has reached 1.0 bar and switch vacuum off
- Never start analysis before test tube is airtight at -1.0 bar for at least 10
minutes
- Break the vacuum with Argon
- Test tube pressure will increase from -0.8 to ~0.2 bar while temperature
reaches 800º C
- Test lasts around 12 hours. Heater will stop and cools down
- Follow procedure in Operational Manual carefully
 Installation
- Quality of gas is important: Ar better than 99.99%, H 2O ≤ 10 ppm, O2 ≤ 5 ppm
- Inlet pressure not to exceed 0.2 bar & use appropriate tubing
- Apparatus to be kept in a proper water free fume cupboard. The cupboard has
to be free of any chemical material or working utensils
- Use overhead crane (use support structures provided on equipment) – Weight
180 kg
- Check apparatus for any visible signs of damage that may have occurred during
transportation
- Connect argon supply
- Conduct air-tightness test until vacuum pressure remains stable at -1.0 bar for at
least 20 minutes (refer to Installation Section of Manual)
- Sampling to be carried out as per ISO 8007
- Core Ø 50 mm, although values in the range of
48-52 mm are acceptable
- Length must be 50 ± 1 mm and the sample is to
be dried at 120 ± 5º C for 24 hours, cooled and
stored in desiccator
 Results
- Calculate sodium resistance as follows:
CSA
-------
CSB
CSA = Compressive strength after the test

CSB = Compressive strength before the test

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R & D Carbon

Gas Regulator – 2 Bar

Calculate the reactivity in % weight loss as follows:

initial weight – final weight 100

Gas Regulator – 2 Bar

Air Reactivity Result in %/min is shown together

Results in W/mK are automatically calculated by the

It is recommended to take the value given for the 3rd

- CS: Compressive Strength MPA

- YM: Young’s Modulus GPA

Pressure adjustment Pressure Meter (bar)

- Gas permeability of anodes is measured (pores larger than 50

Pressure meter (2 bar)

- Quality of gas is important

CRR = M2 X 100/M0 (Carboxy Reactivity Residue%)

- Support apparatus at the base when removing it out of the crate

Water flow meter Automatic saw

Air pressure controller

- Air reactivity is dependent on two anode properties: a) The intrinsic air

- Quality of gas is important

ARR = M2 X 100/M0 (Air Reactivity Residue%)

- Density of anode structure affects CO2 and Air burning behaviour or

V = Volume of Pycnometer (M1 – M0 / 0.997052)

Feed Table Tamping Mechanism

Dust Foam Filter

Steel Cylinder Ball Mill

Diamond Core Drill

Sample Insertion Rod

Δl = Length difference (mm)

Weight of agglomerated coke

W = Wetting behaviour (power) of pitch / wettability of coke

- The anode baking furnace is used for the baking of green

Glass flask with side arm

- Always wear protective glasses and gloves during a measurement

500 ml Glass Flask

M0 = mass of test portion

Note: The assumption that 1 ml of water weighs 1 g is regarded

Chuck Centering Handle

Main Switch Start Button

Microprocessor Load Bar and

Control Box Steel Vessel

CSA = Compressive strength after the test

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