DATABASE SYSTEM

• A DATABASE IS AN INTEGRATED COLLECTION OF

LOGICAL RELATED RECORDS OR FILES
CONSOLIDATED INTO A COMMON POOL THAT
PROVIDES DATA FOR ONE OR MORE MULTIPLE USES.
• THE DATA IN A DATABASE IS ORGANIZED
ACCORDING TO A DATABASE MODEL. THE
RELATIONAL MODEL IS THE MOST COMMON.

DATABASE • A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)

CONSISTS OF SOFTWARE THAT ORGANIZES THE
STORAGE OF DATA. A DBMS CONTROLS THE
SYSTEM CREATION, MAINTENANCE, AND USE OF THE
DATABASE STORAGE STRUCTURE OF
ORGANIZATIONS AND OF THEIR END USERS. IT
ALLOWS ORGANIZATIONS TO PLACE CONTROL OF
ORGANIZATION-WIDE DATABASE DEVELOPMENT IN
THE HANDS OF DATABASE ADMINISTRATORS (DBAS)
AND OTHER SPECIALISTS. IN LARGE SYSTEMS, A
DBMS ALLOWS USERS AND OTHER SOFTWARE TO
STORE AND RETRIEVE DATA IN A STRUCTURE WAY.
 • A  RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (DBMS) CONSISTS OF THE FF.
COMPONENTS:

RDBMS • INTERFACE DRIVERS

• SQL ENGINE
COMPONENTS
• TRANSACTION ENGINE
• RELATIONAL ENGINE
• STORAGE ENGINE
 • THE MICROSOFT DATA ACCESS COMPONENT IS
THE FRAMEWORK THAT MAKES IT POSSIBLE
TO CONNECT AND COMMUNICATE WITH THE
DATABASE. MDAC INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING
COMPONENTS:
• ODBC ( OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY)
• OLE DB
MDAC • ADO ( ACTIVEX DATA OBJECT)

• MDAC ALSO INSTALLS SEVERAL DATA

PROVIDERS YOU CAN USE TO OPEN A
CONNECTION TO A SPECIFIC DATA SOURCE,
SUCH AS AN MS ACCESS DATABASE.
 • OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY IS A NATIVE
INTERFACE THAT IS ACCESSED THROUGH A
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE THAT CAN MAKE
CALL INTO A NATIVE LIBRARY. IN MDCB THIS
ODBC INTERFACE IS DEFINED AS A DLL. A SEPARATE
MODULE OR DRIVER IS NEEDED FOR EACH
DATABASE THAT MUST BE ACCESSED.
 • ALLOWS MDAC APPLICATION ACCESS TO
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA STORES IN A
UNIFORM MANNER. MICROSOFT HAS USED
THIS TECHNOLOGY TO SEPARATE THE
OLE DB APPLICATION FROM THE DATA STORE THAT IT
NEEDS TO ACCESS. THIS WAS DONE BECAUSE
DIFFERENT APPLICATION NEED ACCESS TO
DIFFERENT TYPES AND SOURCES OF DATA,
AND DO NOT NECESSARILY NEED TO KNOW
HOW TO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY-SPECIFIC
FUNCTIONALLY
 • IS A HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING INTERFACE
TO OLE DB. IT USES HIERARCHICAL OBJECT
MODEL TO ALLOW APPLICATION TO
ADO PROGRAMMATICALLY CREATE, RETRIEVE,
UPDATE AND DELETE DATA FROM SOURCES
(ACTIVEX SUPPORTED BY OLE DB. ADO CONSISTS OF A
SERIES OF HIERARCHICAL COM- BASE OBJECTS
DATA AND COLLECTION, AN OBJECTS THAT ACTS AS
A CONTAINER OF MANY OTHER OBJECTS. A
OBJECTS) PROGRAMMER CAN DIRECTLY ACCESS ADO
OBJECT TO MANIPULATE DATA, OR CAN SEND
AN SQL QUERY TO THE VIA SEVERAL ADO
MECHANISM.
TYPES OF DATABASE
 • A RELATIONAL DATABASE MATCHES DATA
USING COMMON CHARACTERIZED FOUND
WITHIN THE DATA SET. THE RESULTING
RELATIONA GROUPS OF DATA ARE ORGANIZED AND ARE
MUCH EASIER FOR PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND. 
L RELATIONAL DATABASES ARE CURRENTLY THE
PREDOMINANT CHOICE IN STORING
DATABASES FINANCIAL RECORDS, MANUFACTURING AND
LOGISTICAL INFORMATION, PERSONNEL DATA
AND MUCH MORE.
    STRICTLY, A RELATIONAL DATABASE IS A
COLLECTION OF RELATIONS ( FREQUENTLY
CALLED TABLETS).
 •   A DATA WAREHOUSE STORES DATA FROM
CURRENT AND PREVIOUS YEARS- DATA
DATA EXTRACTED FROM THE VARIOUS
OPERATIONAL DATABASES OF AN
WAREHOUS ORGANIZATION. IT BECOMES THE CENTRAL
SOURCE THAT HAS BEEN SCREENED, EDITED,
E STANDARDIZED AND INTEGRATED SO THAT IT
CAN BE USED BY MANAGERS AND OTHERS
END-USES PROFESSIONALS THROUGHOUT AN
ORGANIZATION.
DOCUMENT
DATABASES
• DOCUMENT DATABASES, ALSO
KNOWN AS DOCUMENT
STORES, USE JSON-LIKE
DOCUMENTS TO MODEL DATA
INSTEAD OF ROWS AND
COLUMNS. SOMETIMES
REFERRED TO AS DOCUMENT-
ORIENTED DATABASES,
DOCUMENT DATABASES ARE
DESIGNED TO STORE AND
MANAGE DOCUMENT-
ORIENTED INFORMATION,
ALSO REFERRED TO AS SEMI-
STRUCTURED DATA.
DOCUMENT DATABASES ARE
SIMPLE AND SCALABLE,
MAKING THEM USEFUL FOR
MOBILE APPS THAT NEED FAST
ITERATIONS.
 • WIDE COLUMN DATABASES, ALSO KNOWN AS
WIDE WIDE COLUMN STORES, ARE SCHEMA-
AGNOSTIC. DATA IS STORED IN COLUMN
COLUMN FAMILIES, RATHER THAN IN ROWS AND
COLUMNS. HIGHLY SCALABLE, WIDE COLUMN
DATABASES DATABASES CAN HANDLE PETABYTES OF
DATA, MAKING THEM IDEAL FOR SUPPORTING
REAL-TIME BIG DATA APPLICATIONS.
 • ALSO REFERRED TO AS COLUMN DATA
STORES, COLUMNAR DATABASES STORE DATA
IN COLUMNS RATHER THAN ROWS. THESE
TYPES OF DATABASES ARE OFTEN USED IN

COLUMNAR DATA WAREHOUSES BECAUSE THEY’RE GREAT

AT HANDLING ANALYTICAL QUERIES. WHEN

DATABASES YOU’RE QUERYING A COLUMNAR DATABASE,

IT ESSENTIALLY IGNORES ALL OF THE DATA
THAT DOESN’T APPLY TO THE QUERY, BECAUSE
YOU CAN RETRIEVE THE INFORMATION FROM
ONLY THE COLUMNS YOU WANT.
 • A TIME SERIES DATABASE IS A DATABASE
TIME OPTIMIZED FOR TIME-STAMPED, OR TIME
SERIES, DATA. EXAMPLES OF THIS TYPE OF
SERIES DATA INCLUDE NETWORK DATA, SENSOR DATA,
AND APPLICATION PERFORMANCE
DATABASES MONITORING DATA. ALL OF THOSE INTERNET
OF THINGS SENSORS THAT ARE GETTING
ATTACHED TO EVERYTHING PUT OUT A
CONSTANT STREAM OF TIME SERIES DATA.
 • ONE OF THE SIMPLEST TYPES OF NOSQL
DATABASES, KEY-VALUE DATABASES SAVE
DATA AS A GROUP OF KEY-VALUE PAIRS MADE
UP OF TWO DATA ITEMS EACH. THEY’RE ALSO
KEY-VALUE SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS A KEY-VALUE
STORE. KEY-VALUE DATABASES ARE HIGHLY
DATABASES SCALABLE AND CAN HANDLE HIGH VOLUMES
OF TRAFFIC, MAKING THEM IDEAL FOR
PROCESSES SUCH AS SESSION MANAGEMENT
FOR WEB APPLICATIONS, USER SESSIONS FOR
MASSIVE MULTI-PLAYER ONLINE GAMES, AND
ONLINE SHOPPING CARTS.
GRAPH DATABASES
• GRAPH DATABASES ARE A
TYPE OF NOSQL
DATABASE THAT ARE
BASED ON GRAPH
THEORY. GRAPH-
ORIENTED DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(DBMS) SOFTWARE IS
DESIGNED TO IDENTIFY
AND WORK WITH THE
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN
DATA POINTS.
THEREFORE GRAPH
DATABASES ARE OFTEN
USED TO ANALYZE THE
RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN
HETEROGENEOUS DATA
THANK YOU!