Introduction to C++

 C++ is a popular programming language

 C++ is used to create computer programs

Dr Yasir Iqbal Mir | CAP202

 WHAT IS C++

Dr Yasir Iqbal Mir | CAP202

 C++ is an object-oriented programming language. It
is an extension to C programming.
 C++ is a general purpose, case-sensitive, free-form
programming language that supports object-
oriented, procedural and generic programming.
 C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used
to create high-performance applications.
 C++ gives programmers a high level of control over
system resources and memory.
 WHY TO USE C++

Dr Yasir Iqbal Mir | CAP202

 C++ is one of the world's most popular
programming languages.
 C++ can be found in today's operating systems,
Graphical User Interfaces, and embedded systems
 C++ is an object-oriented programming language
which gives a clear structure to programs and
allows code to be reused, lowering development
costs.
 C++ is portable and can be used to develop
applications that can be adapted to multiple
platforms.
 Object-Oriented
Programming (OOPs)

Dr Yasir Iqbal Mir | CAP202

 C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an
extension to the C language.
 C++ supports the object-oriented programming,
the four major pillar of object-oriented
programming (OOPs) used in C++ are:

1. Inheritance
2. Polymorphism
3. Encapsulation
4. Abstraction
 Applications of C++
Programming

Dr Yasir Iqbal Mir | CAP202

 Application Software Development
 Programming Languages Development
 Computation Programming
 Games Development
 Procedural
Programming

Dr Yasir Iqbal Mir | CAP202

 Procedural Programming can be defined as a
programming model which is derived from
structured programming, based upon the concept
of calling procedure.
 Procedures, also known as routines, subroutines
or functions, simply consist of a series of
computational steps to be carried out.
 During a program’s execution, any given
procedure might be called at any point, including
by other procedures or itself.
 Object Oriented
Programming

Dr Yasir Iqbal Mir | CAP202

 Object oriented programming can be defined as a
programming model which is based upon the
concept of objects.
 Objects contain data in the form of attributes and
code in the form of methods.
 In object oriented programming, computer
programs are designed using the concept of
objects that interact with real world.
 Object oriented programming languages are
various but the most popular ones are class-
based, meaning that objects are instances of
classes, which also determine their types.
 Object Oriented
Programming
VS
Procedural
Programming
Dr Yasir Iqbal Mir | CAP202
 Key Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
Object-oriented Programming is a programming
language that uses classes and objects to
create models based on the real world
Definition environment. In OOPs it makes it easy to
maintain and modify existing code as new
objects are created inheriting characteristics
from existing ones.
In OOPs concept of objects and classes is
introduced and hence the program is divided
Approach
into small chunks called objects which are
instances of classes.
Access In OOPs access modifiers are introduced
modifiers namely as public, private and protected
Due to abstraction in OOPs data hiding is
Security
possible and hence it is more secure than POP.
Due to modularity, programs are less complex
and hence new data objects can be created
Complexity
easily from existing objects making object-
oriented programs easy to modify
Procedural Oriented Programming (POP)
On other hand Procedural Oriented Programming is
a programming language that follows a step-by-
step approach to break down a task into a
collection of variables and routines (or subroutines)
through a sequence of instructions. Each step is
carried out in order in a systematic manner so that
a computer can understand what to do.
On other hand in case of POP the the main
program is divided into small parts based on the
functions and is treated as separate program for
individual smaller program.
On other hand no such modifiers are introduced in
POP.
On other hand POP is less secure as compare to
OOPs.
On other hand there is no simple process to add
data in POP at least not without revising the whole
program
 C VS C++

Dr Yasir Iqbal Mir | CAP202

S.No C C++
1 C follows the procedural style programming.
2 Data is less secured in C.
3 C follows the top-down approach.
4 C does not support function overloading.
5 In C, you can't use functions in structure.
6 C does not support reference variables.
In C, scanf() and printf() are mainly used for
7
input/output.
8 Operator overloading is not possible in C.
C programs are divided into procedures and
9
modules
10 C does not provide the feature of namespace.
Exception handling is not easy in C. It has to
11
perform using other functions.
12 C does not support the inheritance.
C++ is multi-paradigm. It supports both procedural
and object oriented.
In C++, you can use modifiers for class members to
make it inaccessible for outside users.
C++ follows the bottom-up approach.
C++ supports function overloading.
In C++, you can use functions in structure.
C++ supports reference variables.
C++ mainly uses stream cin and cout to perform
input and output operations.
Operator overloading is possible in C++.
C++ programs are divided into functions and
classes.
C++ supports the feature of namespace.
C++ provides exception handling using Try and
Catch block.
C++ supports inheritance.
end