SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Aim Of the study The Regulatory Framework ( At Central Level )

Aim of the Study is to develop a waste management plan that works toward the sustainable,
preventative and comprehensive approach towards waste and thus to create Comprehensive Integrated MSW (Management National Urban Rules for
and Handling) Rules Revised Manual on Municipal Swachh Bharat Mission,
Solid Waste management Planning Process. Solid Waste Management, 2016 Sanitation Policy Special Waste
2000 and revised SWM, (SBM), 2014 (NUSP), 2008
Rules 2016
Key Focus Areas and Strategic Actions

• Municipal Solid Waste
(Management & Handling )
Rules, 2000 by MoEFCC
• Revised SWM Rules, 2016
circulated in the year 2016 by
MoEFCC
• Designates Urban Local Bodies
responsible for MSWM and lays
down the mandatory functions
to be performed by various
stakeholders
• Separate rules for Construction
and Demolition waste 2016
• Municipal Solid Waste
Management Manual 2000
by MoUD and CPHEEO
• Guidelines published by
MoUD through CPHEEO in
the year 2016
• Provide implementation
guidelines for all aspects of
MSWM, including
segregation, collection,
transportation, treatment
and disposal
• Policy prepared by the • Plastic Waste Hazardous Waste
Ministry of Urban Management Rules, (Management, Handling
Development in 2008 2011 and revised in and Transboundary
• Focus on re-orienting 2016 Movement) Rules, 2008
institutions for developing • E-Waste with subsequent
city-wide approach to Management Rules, amendments in 2009
sanitation, covering all its 2011 and revised in
aspects including Solid 2016
Waste Management

Initiatives Of The Ahmedabad Municipal

Components of MSW management – different types of waste
Corporation In The SWM Sector

Information, Education and Communication

Methodology activities for Awareness among the Citizen of
Ahmedabad
• Guidelines for Swachh
STEP 1: ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT SITUATION AND GAP ANALYSIS Sanitation Mobile Court  Bharat Mission (urban)
(2021)
AMC launched country’s first Sanitation Mobile Court on 4th • Ahmedabad Municipal
1.Legal & Policy Framework June, 2009
2.Institutional & Financial Set Up Corporation   Solid Waste
3. Technical Aspects Management
4.Availability & Suitability of Land for Processing & Disposal
Preparing Ahmedabad's SWM Master Plan  for • ROAD MAP FOR ZERO
5.MSW Generation, Collection & Transportation 2031   WASTE AHMEDABAD
6.Current Status of Dump Sites
Transfer Stations (under construction)

STEP 2: Six Transfer Stations of about 400 MT capacity each to be set

POLICIES, PROGRAMMES & LEGAL FRAMEWORK
up in Five Zones.  
1.Identify National and State Policies/ Strategies and their Goals Effective Utilization of Garden / Green Waste Existing Treatment
2. State Level/Regional/District SWM Strategies/Policies Identify Overall Goals
for ULBs. AMC initiated a pilot project at Law Garden from 29th Plants and Dumping
3. Role of Central/State and Local Government September 2011. green waste will be converted into organic Sites
4.Institutions and Stakeholders Involved in MSWM Planning manure with the help of Organic Waste Convertor Machine of the
Excel Industries Ltd. and with project site management assistance
ROLE OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION FOR MSWM by Gujarat Consumer Industries on PPP mode.
STEP 3:
PLANNING

STEP 4: PREPARATION OF DRAFT MSWM PLAN SWM PROFILE IN AHMEDABAD

1.Future Projections • Population Forecast • Anticipated Lifestyle
Changes • Change in Socio-economic Status
2.Rules, Regulations & Municipal Bye-Laws
3.Community Participation/IEC
4.Institutional & Financial Structuring
5.Storage, Collection (Door-to-Door & Street Sweeping),
Transportation
6.Identification of Land & Inclusion in City Master Plan
7.Selection of Process & Best Available Technology for Processing Geddam Renuka Sai
& Disposal GuruCharan Chhabra
Matta Arunima Rao
STEP 5: SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Shreya Singhal
• Timeline • Manpower Requirement • Financial Viability
1.Measures to assess how clean a city is- Swach
Sarvekshan rankings, liveability index,, SDG parameters,
– what, who, when, how, why, which of the index;
2.Best practices – National 5 cities of similar size and
International 5 cities of similar size/context (role models)

Swachh Survekshan, conducted by MoHUA since
2016, is the world’s largest urban sanitation and
cleanliness survey.
Conducted under the ambit of the Swachh Bharat Mission
(Urban), the annual survey has managed to mobilise people,
resources and authorities in an effort to prove that their city, of
all cities in India, is the cleanest and that sustainable practices,
both by citizens and ULBs, are being encouraged and
promulgated.
Indian cities generating waste
Delhi topped the list of Indian cities with maximum waste
generation (30.6 lakh tonnes), and was followed by Greater
Mumbai at 24.9 lakh tonnes, Chennai at 18.3 lakh tonnes,
Greater Hyderabad at 16.4 lakh tonnes, Bengaluru at 12.8 lakh
tonnes, Ahmedabad at 12.2 lakh tonnes, Pune and Surat
at 6.2 lakh tonnes, Kanpur at 5.5 lakh tonnes and Jaipur at 5.4
lakh tonnes.

Swachh Survekshan
Swachh Bharat Mission Urban
Star rating protocol for Garbage free
cities
Global Liveability Index
Ease of Living Index
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)
India
GARBAGE FREE CITY ensures holistic evaluation across
entire SWM Chain
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
WHO Published
Economic Intelligence Unit
Under Smart City Mission
Niti Aayog’s
2021 2019
2016 World’s largest urban sanitation and Open Defecation Free - % of cities in the state are 10 6
cleanliness survey certified a. Water Plus b. ODF++ c. ODF+ d. ODF
2nd October 2014 To make a garbage - free city, a city % of cities in the state falling in the new SS-2021 Awards
completely free of garbage.” category of - a. Platinum (Divya) b. Gold (Anupam) c.
Silver (Ujjwal) d. Bronze (Udit) e. Aspiring (Aarohi)
2018 24 components with two groups into ‘Important’ (1 & 3 3 star • Door to Door segregation
Star – 16 components and ‘Aspirational’ indicators (5 & 7 • Source Segregation
Star – 24 components) Garbage Free City for Star • Waste Processing
Rating - % of cities in the State • City Beautification
are certified a. 7 Star b. 5 Star c. • Onsite wet waste processing
3 Star d. 1 Star
173 cities covered 173 cities based on their living Stability-25 143 out of 173 Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai,
conditions and, in general, citizen living Healthcare-20 Ahmedabad, and Bangalore.
standards Culture and Environmnet-25
Education-10
Infrastructure-20
2018 Municipal Performance Index examined The EOL index evaluates development outcomes across Bengaluru, Pune, Ahmedabad Services, Finance, Policy,
the sectoral performance of 111 four pillars — quality of life, economic ability, best cities in EoLI 2020 (Million Technology and Governance
municipalities. sustainability, and citizens perception survey — covering Plus Category)
49 indicators examined under 14 categories.
Total 111 Cities
SDG India Index – Baseline SDG 12 Aspirant (0–49),  Gujarat worst performer rank 115 indicators incorporate 16
Report 2018 Performer (50–64),  27th out of 28th. out of 17 SDGs, with a
Responsible consumption and production Front-Runner (65–99),  qualitative assessment on Goal
Achiever (100). 17, and cover 70 SDG targets
Best practices City generates more than 3800
TPD waste including 700 MT of construction
SOURCE SEGREGATION Indore and demolition waste.

Indore has become the cleanest city in

India by mastering segregation at source
and subsequent steps in the waste
management chain

The city is segregating its waste into six

categories:
1. Biodegradable,
2. Non-biodegradable (excluding
plastic),
3. Plastic,
4. Sanitary,
5. Domestic hazardous and
6. Electronic.

Steps taken by IMC to reform its waste management system

Land use- (routes, recycling sites,
waste to energy plants, disposal
sites, landfill sites -- existing and
proposed
 RANKING’S GOVERNANCE
Ministry of Housing and Urban
Swachh Survekshan
Affairs
Swachh Bharat Mission Ministry of Housing and Urban
Urban Affairs
Star rating protocol for Ministry of Housing and Urban
Garbage free cities Affairs
Global Liveability Index WHO Published
Economic Intelligence Unit
Ease of Living Index Under Smart City Mission
Sustainable Development Niti Aayog’s
Goal (SDG) India
YEAR OBJECTIVE
2016 World’s largest urban sanitation
and cleanliness survey
2nd October 2014 To make a garbage - free city, a
city completely free of garbage.”
2018
173 cities covered 173 cities based on their living
conditions and, in general,
citizen living standards
2018 Municipal Performance Index
examined the sectoral
performance of 111
municipalities.
SDG India Index – SDG 12
Baseline Report 2018
Responsible consumption and
production
INDICATORS
Open Defecation Free - % of cities in the state
are certified a. Water Plus b. ODF++ c. ODF+
d. ODF
% of cities in the state falling in the new SS-
2021 Awards category of - a. Platinum (Divya)
b. Gold (Anupam) c. Silver (Ujjwal) d. Bronze
(Udit) e. Aspiring (Aarohi)
24 components with two groups into
‘Important’ (1 & 3 Star – 16 components and
‘Aspirational’ indicators (5 & 7 Star – 24
components)
Stability-25
Healthcare-20
Culture and Environmnet-25
Education-10
Infrastructure-20
The EOL index evaluates development
outcomes across four pillars — quality of life,
economic ability, sustainability, and citizens
perception survey — covering 49 indicators
examined under 14 categories.
Aspirant (0–49), 
Performer (50–64), 
Front-Runner (65–99), 
Achiever (100).
RANKING’S
Swachh Survekshan
Swachh Bharat Mission Urban
Star rating protocol for Garbage free cities
Global Liveability Index
Ease of Living Index
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)
India
POSITION INDICATORS
10 12 service level progress
indicators
10TH
3 star • Door to Door segregation
• Source Segregation
Garbage Free City for Star Rating - • Waste Processing
% of cities in the State are certified • City Beautification
a. 7 Star b. 5 Star c. 3 Star d. 1 Star • Onsite wet waste processing
143 out of 173 Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai,
Ahmedabad, and Bangalore.
Bengaluru, Pune, Ahmedabad best Services, Finance, Policy,
cities in EoLI 2020 (Million Plus Technology and Governance
Category)
Total 111 Cities
Gujarat worst performer rank 27th 115 indicators incorporate 16 out of
out of 28th. 17 SDGs, with a qualitative
assessment on Goal 17, and cover 70
SDG targets
Manek Chowk
Project Background
Manek Chowk is the very historic market place in the centre of the old
city. This market was chosen because of its transformational character,
this market transforms during three times a day during daytime it’s a
vegetable-fruit market and jewellery bazaar and in the night time its act
as a night food (Khani-pini bazaar).
ACTS, POLICIES, SCHEMES FOR SOLID WASTE GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONAL
MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE FOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Phase I—public health and sanitation (1950–1980).
• Ministry of Food and Agriculture-offered soft loan to local bodies for promoting
1960 composting of urban solid waste

• Fourth Five year plan provide grant to state government for setting up MSW
1969- composting
74
• GOI introduced a modified scheme to revive urban waste composting facilities in
1974 cities with a population over 0.3 million.

• •GOI constituted first high power committee in fifth five year plan and committee
1975 covered eight area of waste management and made 76 recommendation.

Phase II—environmental safety

1986
• Environment (Protection) Act

• Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989

1989

• MSWM strategy paper by NEERI

1994

• High Power committee under the chairmanship of Prof. J.S Bajaj (Member,
Planning commission) was constituted Solid Waste Management is a state subject and it is the responsibility of the state
• Ministry of Health and family Welfare undertook national mission on environmental government to ensure that appropriate solid waste management practices are
introduced in all the cities and towns in the state.
health and sanitation
1995 However, SWM is a municipal function as under the 74th Constitutional
• Central Public health and Environmental Engineering organization (CPHEEO), Amendment, Disposal and management of Municipal Solid Waste is one of the 18
under the ministry of urban development and Poverty Alleviation drafted a policy functional domains of the Municipal Corporations and Nagar Panchayats. the
paper that detailed issues and funding requirements of SWM in India urban local bodies (ULB) that are directly responsible for it.
The ULBs are required to plan, design, operate, and maintain the SWM in their
• Bio-medical Waste (M&H) Rules respective cities/towns.
1998 • Supreme Court appointed Barman Committee
• Committee submitted the report in 1999
• •Ministry of Urban Development set up technology advisory group
1999 • •MoEF issued draft rule for Municipal Waste (Management and Handling)
RANKING’S GOVERNANCE YEAR OBJECTIVE INDICATORS
Phase III—MSWM and climate change (2000–onwards)
• Municipal Waste (Management and Handling ) Rules Ministry of Housing and Urban 2016 World’s largest urban sanitation and Open Defecation Free - % of cities in the state are
Swachh Survekshan Affairs cleanliness survey certified a. Water Plus b. ODF++ c. ODF+ d. ODF
• CPHEEO Manual on MSW
2000

• The Technology Advisory Group on Solid Waste Management 2005 Swachh Bharat Mission Urban Ministry of Housing and Urban 2nd October 2014 To make a garbage - free city, a city % of cities in the state falling in the new SS-2021
2005 Affairs completely free of garbage.” Awards category of - a. Platinum (Divya) b. Gold
• 12th Finance Commission (2005–2010)—Rs. 2,500 Cr for 423 Class I cities
(Anupam) c. Silver (Ujjwal) d. Bronze (Udit) e.
Aspiring (Aarohi)
2006 • National Environment Policy
Star rating protocol for Garbage Ministry of Housing and Urban 2018 24 components with two groups into ‘Important’ (1
• Strategy and Action Plan-Use of compost in cities free cities Affairs & 3 Star – 16 components and ‘Aspirational’
indicators (5 & 7 Star – 24 components)
2007 • 11th Five-Year Plan (2007–2012)—Rs. 2,210 Cr for MSWM

• National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) Global Liveability Index WHO Published 173 cities covered 173 cities based on their living Stability-25
• Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs) in MSWM Economic Intelligence Unit conditions and, in general, citizen Healthcare-20
living standards Culture and Environmnet-25
2008 • Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement)Rules
Education-10
• National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (NAPCC) Infrastructure-20
• The National Action Plan for Climate Change
• 13th Finance Commission (2010–2015)—Establishing standards for delivery of
2009 Ease of Living Index Under Smart City Mission 2018 Municipal Performance Index The EOL index evaluates development outcomes
• essential services
examined the sectoral performance across four pillars — quality of life, economic
• Plastic Waste (M&H) Rules of 111 municipalities. ability, sustainability, and citizens perception
• E-Waste (M&H) Rules survey — covering 49 indicators examined under
2011 14 categories.
• Draft Bio-medical Waste (M&H) Rules

• Swachh Bharat Mission

2014 Sustainable Development Goal Niti Aayog’s SDG India Index – SDG 12 Aspirant (0–49), 
(SDG) India Baseline Report 2018 Performer (50–64),  Geddam Renuka Sai
• Solid Waste Management Rules, Responsible consumption and Front-Runner (65–99), 
2016 • production Achiever (100). GuruCharan Chhabra
Plastic Waste Management Rules,
• Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, Matta Arunima Rao
• E-Waste Management Rules, Shreya Singhal
• Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules,
• Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016.
Best Case Studies
SOURCE TECHNOLOGICAL
SEGREGATION 3. Bangalore , Karnataka INNOVATION
1. Indore Bengaluru, the preeminent IT city of India, uses the power of
• Accountability
zeroes and ones to solve its myriad waste management woes.
The city is segregating its waste into six Bengaluru is the third most populous city and fifth most populous • Service assurance:
categories: agglomeration in India. It generates about 6,100 tonne of waste daily • Hassle-free garbage collection
1. Biodegradable, (452 g per person per day). Given the importance of the technology
2. Non-biodegradable (excluding
• Mess-free transfer:
sector to the city, the approach that Bengaluru has taken to deal with •
plastic), Discipline and rigidity
its mounting waste problem is also tech-based. Technological
3. Plastic, innovation has transformed the city's waste management system,
• Transport affirmation
4. Sanitary, which has become transparent, reliable and easy to monitor.
5. Domestic hazardous and
6. Electronic.

• Door-to-door collection of garbage

• the campaign ‘Do Bin Har Din’ (two
bins everyday).
• IMC has engaged more than 800 self-
help groups (SHGs), comprising more
Framework than 8,000 women, to spread
awareness
• Zero-waste tags are awarded to those
markets and colonies which excel at
waste management.
• IMC deploys one resource person
with each garbage collection vehicle
MATERIAL
PROCESSING
2. Surat
• Information, Education and
Communication (IEC) is the key to
behaviour change.
• Participation of all, development
Takeaways for all
• Indore focused on achieving 100
per cent segregation at source, to • WASTE-WISE CITIES Best
break the chain. practices in municipal solid
• More than 8,000 women from waste management.
marginalised communities have
THE JOURNEY OF WASTE SANITARY WASTE • Pune Municipal
been given gainful employment.
IN SURAT CITY 4. PUNE MANAGEMENT
Corporation.
• Indore Municipal
The Red Dot Campaign in Pune shows the Corporation
light in handling sanitary waste, a significant • https://
feat in the waste management sector. www.suratmunicipal.gov.i
Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) is divided n/CleanSurat/Home/
into five zones and 42 wards. It underwent a WasteMgtRulesAndActionP
lans
process of delimitation on July 1, 2021, and
added 23 villages to its jurisdiction, making
it the largest Municipal Corporation of
Maharashtra. Reportedly, the city generates
BEST CASE STUDIES
nearly 2,258 tonnes of waste per day. It has AND SECTOR WISE
achieved 95 per cent segregation with the
help of self-help group SWaCH Seva
Sahakari Sanstha Maryadit, Pune

• Anudan Scheme: This scheme prioritised

community-level participation in solid waste
management. To maintain cleanliness,
payments at the rate of 60 paise and 65 paise
per sq. m respectively are made to residential
and non-residential societies.
Takeaways • centralised and then a decentralised process
of waste collection and disposal were
implemented
• Surat was ranked the second cleanest city in Geddam Renuka Sai
India by Swachh Survekshan 2020. It has also The Red Dot Campaign is one of the best GuruCharan Chhabra
received a 5-star garbage-free city tag IEC programme in India for making Matta Arunima Rao
• decentralised solid waste management, people aware about their responsibility
Shreya Singhal
Surat is divided into eight zones and 89 with regard to handling sanitary waste.
sanitary wards.
 Landfill Sites – Comprehensive
Existing Treatment Plants and Dumping Sites Development Plan 2021
Type of Quantity Plant capacity Inferences:
Sno. Process technology Plant location
Waste (tpd) (TPD) • There is are Concentration of Three Processing plants Near to the Landfill Site- Gyaspur. Which are of Ahmedabad Enviro -
Material Recovery Nepra material Recovery Cand D waste -1000 TPD, Bharuch Enviro Infrastructure Ltd.- Windrow Composting- 300 TPD- Wet Type, Nepra material
1 Dry 100 100 Recovery Facility- Material Recovery Facility- 100 TPD , and Jindal Urban Waste Management Ltd.
Facility Facility
Material Recovery • The Old and the New Landfill sites are on the Southwest and South of AMC Boundary, as the city has south-west Monsoon
2 Dry 100 VASTRAL RTS 100
Facility wind Direction, The Prevailing wind is most often from the west for 7.0 months.
Material Recovery • In the Centre of the city Victoria Garden ; Waste to Compost of which Windrow Composting Processes wet type with 1 TPD
3 Dry 100 VATVA RTS 100
Facility capacity.
Material Recovery
4 Dry 100 SHAHWADI RTS 100
Facility
Material Recovery
5 Dry 100
Facility
SOLA RTS 100 Map of Plant location and Dumping sites
Material Recovery
6 Dry 100 KANKARIA RTS 100
Facility C and D WASTE
Material Recovery Windrow Composting The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) has now come up with a
7 Dry 100 Naroda 100
Facility novel solution to reduce large quantities of green waste dumped at
Material Recovery Facility
8 Wet 300 Windrow Composting Excel Industries 300 Dump Sites Pirana. The civic body will set up waste converter machines at
Lokmanya Tilak Garden (Victoria Garden) and Kankaria to produce
Bharuch Enviro
9 Wet 300 Windrow Composting 300 compost out of green waste. The two machines would be set up under a
Infrastructure Ltd.
Creative Eco Recycle pilot project based on public private partnership (PPP) model and the
10 Wet 400 Windrow Composting 400 civic body would bear the maintenance cost.
Port Pvt. Ltd.
11 Dry 1000 C and D WASTE Ahmedabad Enviro 1000
Victoria Garden ; Waste
12 Wet 1 Windrow Composting 1
to Compost

The machine to be set up at the garden will have the

Victoria Garden capacity to process two tons of waste at a time at
Inferences: a cost of Rs11 lakh. On the other hand, the
• The Red Highlighted are Not Spatially Found and the Highest Capacity machine to be set up at Kankaria will cost Rs4.5
KANKARIA lakh, which will have the capacity of a ton. The
Processing Plants.
RTS civic body plans to process 1,300 kg of waste a
• There is one C and D waste Processing Plant by Ahmedabad Enviro in the South
day, out of which the output will be 35 per cent.
West of the AMC. VASTRAL RTS “They intend to have 7-8 batches in a day, each
AMC Dump Yard processing 150 kg. Each batch will take 35 • Dnaindia
Total of 850 minutes to produce compost,” • Timesofindia.
• CEPT Portfolio M 2017
containers  • Smart city- Ahmedabad
• Solid Waste
SOLA RTS
Management System in
Naranpura Dump Yard
Ahmedabad City – 2013
VATVA • Ahmedabad Municipal
RTS Corporation- Sanitary
Landfill Site
Ahmedabad Enviro Aslali Ambuja Dump • Google Earth
Bharuch Enviro Infrastructure Ltd.
Nepra material Recovery Facility
Jindal Urban Waste Management Ltd.
Existing Treatment
Plants and Dumping
Land Fill Site- Gyaspur Excel Industries Sites
• Capacity = 11.50 Lacs Metric Tones (i.e. 1.15
million tones), where daily off load 500 metric
Pirana Landfill Site KANKARIA RTS
tones of inert waste from waste processing
plants for coming 6 years.
• Total area used is 12.88 Hectares (32.8271 Kankaria Lake was constructed in 1451 by Sultan Qutb-
acres). ud-Din. The lake has a circumference of around 1.4 miles. A
• Total construction cost of this site is Rs 13 lakefront was developed in 2008 by spending Rs 36 Crore
Crores (i.e. Rs 130 million / i.e. $ 2.796 million which has many public attractions like Zoo, Toy Train,
1$=Rs 46.50). Kids City, Tethered Balloon Ride, Water Rides and Water
• Average size of shell = 262 m x 239 m = Park, Food Stalls and entertainment facilities.
62,618 Sq. M. (redesigned).
• Height of shell = 21.0 m – 8.0 m below G/L • Legacy Solid Waste is
(clear depth) + – 6.0 m above G/L in earthen being disposed &
bunds + – 7.0 m above earthen bunds in heap accumulated at Pirana
form HDPE Liner 1.5 mm thick. dumping site having total
• Air Space volume available for waste
area of about 84 acres for Geddam Renuka Sai
• accommodation = 13.45 Lacs CMT GuruCharan Chhabra
a long back.
• Density of compacted waste = 0.85 MT/CMT.
Matta Arunima Rao
• 65 acres of land is accumulated with heaps of garbage having 15-20 meter height at various Shreya Singhal
locations.