CONTENT

1. SOCIAL
LEARING 2.INQUIRY
THEORY LEARNING

3.POSTMODERN 4.CRITICAL 5.
PERSPECTIVES THEORY CONCLUSION
I. SOCIAL LEARING THEORY

• Emphasizes the importance of

 Observing
 Modelling
 Imitating the behaviors
 Attitudes
 Emotional reactions of others.
Mediating processes occur between stimuli &
responses.

Behavior is learned from the environment

through the process of observational learning.
Principles of Social Learning
• Attention: To pay attention to particular social behaviors.

• Retention: To retain the sequence of behaviors and consequences,

which they can retrieve for future imitations of the behaviors.

• Production: To repeat the behavior in a different social context and

receives feedback from other observers

• Motivation: To be motivated to repeat the behaviors based on the

social responses and consequences they receive when they imitate a
behavior.
 How is Bandura's theory used in practice?
To encourage and teach desirable behaviors in the classroom through the
use of positive reinforcement and rewards.

Main goal of the Social Learning Theory

To show that an individual can learn in multiple ways.
 II. INQUIRY LEARNING

• Definition:

- Inquiry Learning is based on a theoretical perspective initially presented by

John Dewey.

- Dewey envisioned learners as curious beings at birth who move to higher

stages of attention as they encounter the social world (Dewey, 1933/1909).

 The 5 steps of inquiry learning

4.Communicate
findings, verbally
or in writing

1. Ask questions 2.Probe into various 3.Conduct analyses and

situations
provide descriptions

5.Think about the

information and
knowledge obtained
 The 4 forms of inquiry

Confirmation inquiry: give a question-> confirm the result-> reinforce ideas, practice the
investigative skills.

Structured inquiry: T directed, provide the question-> develop Ss ability to inquire

Guided inquiry: Ss make more responsibility -> T guides the inquiry Ss

Open inquiry: Ss take the lead -> T supports -> requires higher order thinking
 III. POSTMODERN PERPECTIVES

• Definition:

Postmodern social theories emphasize the “locality” of influences

affecting student and teacher learning.

Postmodern philosophers emphasize on creative thinking, individual

differences and teacher's role as a guide.

Postmodern Perspectives aims

• Postmodern educational aims are not determined and they appear in

educational process.
 IV. Critical Theory

change
society as Critique
a whole
 The goal of the Critical Theory

• to prevent the loss of truth that previous knowledge has worked so

hard to achieve
condemning social injustice
discrimination
 racial oppression To
emphasizes
 other social inconsistencies. social
structure and
group culture
Why is critical theory important in
teaching?

• critical theory in education is concerned with how our educational

system can best provide education to all people.
Peace education
bullying

isolation

discrimination
 The key principles

the right to accept education,

• various strengths and limitations

schools, teachers, and students cannot classify kids based on their weaknesses
• bullying can inflict both physical and emotional pain
 V. CONCLUSION

• None of the theoretical viewpoints provided above is definitively

correct or wrong

• To provides a lens through which specific characteristics of any

classroom environment or learning process can be highlighted

• To select based on the needs of the students in your classroom.

• To support you in allowing learners to continue growing and learning