Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Exposure through the continuous tone positive
film:
• Second exposure: The exposed carbon tissue is
next exposed through the continuous tone positive.
•The light action causes the gelatine layer to harden so
that it losses its solubility in warm water. The degree of
hardening corresponds to the intensity of light.
•The gelatin compound hardens in direct proportion to the
amount of the amount of light that reaches the emulsion
•The emulsion hardens first at the top of the gelatin layer
•As light continues to reach the carbon tissue, the
emulsion hardens down toward the paper base
•With line work, little light reaches the carbon tissue, so
the emulsion is hardened only at the top layer
•The varying densities of the continuous-tone photograph
affect the emulsion differently
•Highlight areas pass a great deal of light, so the hardened
emulsion is very thick
•Shadow areas pass little light, so the hardened emulsion is
thin in those areas
•The highlight area on the positive, with a density of 0.35,
passes 50% of the light to strike the film, 50% is absorbed
by the image density
•Middle-tone, an area with the density of 1.0 will pass 10%
of the light
•Shadow area, density of 1.65 , only 2 1/2% of the light
reaches the carbon tissue
Side view of carbon tissue after exposure to a
cross line screen
Side view of carbon tissue after exposure to a
continuous tone positive
•Tissue laydown and development
•The tissue can be laid down as a single piece of the same size as the
cylinder, or tissue is applied to the cylinder in several separate pieces
Doctor blade
substrate Ink
Engraved cylinder
Impression drum
CORRECTION
•It is also possible to burnish or cut new wells into the cylinder with
tools called a graver and a roulette wheel.
CORRECTION
GRAVER
CORRECTION
ROULETTE WHEEL
CORRECTION
Spot plater
•Some times it is necessary to fill in etched wells with new copper and
then re-etch a new image.
•This is accomplished by spot plating.
•A spot plater is a machine that passes an electric current to the cylinder
through a hand held electrode.
•The electrode is covered with cotton and then soaked in a plating
solution.
• As the electrode is held against the cylinder, a small area of copper is
built up on the surface.
•Spot plating can be used only to correct small areas.
CORRECTION
ROLLUP
•After the press sheet is approved, the cylinder is ready for chrome
plating.
•Electric current is passed from the anode through the plating bath
to the cylinder.
CHROME PLATING
•Most chrome layers are between 0.0002” and 0.0007” thick. The
desired thickness is determined by the type of screen and the depth
of well etch.
•After the traces are washed away, the cylinder is dry and is ready
to be sent to the pressroom.