RATIO AND PROPORTION

Formulas for Ratio and Proportions

December 29, 2019

Formulas for Ratio and Proportion:-

Definitions:

Ratio:- 

The ratio of two quantities in the same units is the fraction that one quantity is of the
other. It is a relationship between two numbers by the division of the same kind.
Therefore, the ratio of 2 to 3 is 2/3 or can be written as 2 : 3. The first term of a ratio
is known as antecedent and the second term is called consequent. Furthermore, it
may be noted that 10: 15 equals to 10/15 or 2/3 is equals to 2 : 3. Therefore,
multiplication of each term of a ratio by the same number does not affect the ratio.

Proportion

The equality of two ratios is known as proportion. It is used to find out the quantity of
one class over the total. In other words, the proportion is a part that describes the
comparative relation with the overall part.

Subsequently, 2 : 3 equals to 4 : 6, we will write 2 : 3 :: 4 : 6 and we can say that 2,

3, 4, and 6 are in proportion. Consequently, 2, 3, 4, and 6 are called 1 st, 2nd, 3rd, and
4th proportional respectively. The first and the fourth proportional are called the
extreme terms while the second and the third proportional are called mean terms.

The product of the means equals the product of the extremes.

Fourth proportional

If x : y = z: a, then a is called the fourth proportional to x, y, z.

 Third proportional

If x: y = y: z, then z is called the third proportional to x and y.

Mean proportional

Mean proportional between x and y is √xy

Comparison of ratios

We say that (x: y) > (z: a), then (x/y) > (z /a).

Compounded ratio

The compounded ratio of the ratios (x: y), (z: a), (b : c) is (xzb: yac)

Ratio and Proportions Formulas & Properties of Ratio

 The ratio of two people a and b is denoted as a : b.

 a : b = ma : mb, where m is a constant.
 x : y : z = X : Y : Z is equivalent to x/X=y/Y=z/Z
 If x/y = z/a  then, x+y/x-y  = z+a/z-a

Ratio and Proportions Formulas Property of Proportion

 x/y=z/a , this means x : y ::z:a

How To Solve Ratio And Proportion Question

Ratio

In some situations, the comparison by a division process makes good sense when
compared to performing their difference. Therefore, the comparison of two quantities
by the process of division method is called as ‘Ratio’ between two numbers. The two
numbers in a ratio can only be compared when they have the same unit. We make
use of ratios to compare two things. The sign used to denote a ratio is ‘:’.

Proportion
Ratio and proportions are said to be faces of the same coin. When two ratios are
equal in value, then they are said to be in proportion. In simple words, it compares
two ratios. Proportions are denoted by the symbol  ‘::’ or ‘=’.

How To Solve Compound Ratio Based On Individual

Ratios
Question 1.

Find the compound ratio of (9 : 10), (11 : 13), (15 : 19).

A. 156:157
B. 297:494
C. 221:431
D. 1:5

Correct answer B

Solution:

If we compound two or more ratio, then, a : b and c : d will become ac:bd.

Therefore, (9 : 10), (11 : 13), (15 : 19) = 9/10 * 11/13 * 15/19 = 1485/2470

= 297/494

Question 2.

Find the composite ratio of 2 : 3, 3 : 5, 5 : 7.

A. 11 : 24
B. 2 : 7
C. 14 : 23
D. 24 : 97

Correct answer B
 Solution:

The composite ratio is intended by 2/3 * 3/5 * 5/7 = 30/105

= 2/7

Question 3.

Find the compounded ratio of (3 : 7), (9:5), and (11:21)

A. 99:245
B. 13:17
C. 114:221
D. 305:711

Correct answer A

Solution:

If we compound two or more ratio, then, a : b and c : d will become ac:bd.

Therefore, (3 : 7), (9:5), and (11:21)= 3/7 * 9/5 * 11/21 = 297/735 = 99/245

How To Solve- Distributing Any Quantity Based On

Ratios
Question 4.

If Rs. 450 is divided among three people in the ratio 1/3 : 3/5 : 5/7, then find
how much the second person will get?

A. 150
B. 126
C. 50
D. 180
 Correct answer B

Solution:

Given ration = 1/3 : 3/5 : 5/7 = 35 : 21 : 15

Therefore, the second person will get, 21/75 * 450 = 126

Question 5.

Rs. 27440 is divided among 5 females, 3 men, and 1 child. The ratio of each
woman, man, and kid, are 9 : 3 : 2. What is the child’s share?

A. 550
B. 760
C. 980
D. 952

Correct answer C

Solution:

Given, the ratio of females, males, and toddlers = 9 : 3 : 2

No. of females, men, and child are 5, 3, 1

Thus actual ratio of females, men, and child = 9 * 5 : 3 * 3 : 2 * 1 = 45 : 9 : 2
Therefore, part of child = (2/56) * 27440 = Rs. 980

Question 6.

An amount of Rs. 58666 is divided among three employees in the ratio of 1/17,
1/19, and 1/21. Find the smallest share.

A. 17561.7
B. 17200.49
C. 17000
D. 11760.50

Correct answer A

Solution:

Given, three shares = 1/17, 1/19, 1/21.

Therefore, the ratio will be 399/6783, 357/6783, 323/6783

Thus, the ratio is 399 : 357 : 323

The smallest share = 58666*323/1079

= 17561.7

How To Solve Ratio and Proportions Questions- Coins

Based Ratio Problems
Question 7.

Sahil got old currencies from his cupboard worth Rs. 450 in the denomination
of 2 paisa, 5 paisa, and 50 paisa in ratio 5 : 4 : 3. How many 2 paisa coins he
got.

A. 1200
B. 1250
C. 1100
D. 1220

Correct answer B

Solution:

Let the number of 2 paisa coins be 5x

Let the number of 5 paisa coins be 4x

Let the number of 50 paisa coins be 3x

Then, 2*5x/100 + 5*4x/100 + 50*3x/100 = 180x/100

Given, 180x/100 = 450

Therefore, 450*100/180 = x

x = 250

Hence, 2paisa coins = 5 * 250 = 1250

Question 8.

A person has 180 rupees in the denomination of 5paisa, 10paisa, and 25paisa
in ratio 5 : 3 : 1. Calculate how many 25 paisa coins he has.

A. 225
B. 200
C. 350
D. 300

Correct answer A

Solution:

Let the number of 5 paisa coins be 5x

Let the number of 10 paisa coins be 3x

Let the number of 25 paisa coins be x

Then, 5*5x/100 + 10*3x/100 + 25x/100 = 80x/100

Given, 80x/100 = 180

Therefore, 180*100/80 = x

x = 225

Hence, 25 paisa coins = 1*225 = 225 coins

Question 9.

Harish has 1500 rupees in the denomination of 5 paisa, 25 paisa, and 50 paisa
in ratio 5 : 3 : 2. Calculate how many 25 paisa coins he has.

A.2800
B.2000
C.2500
D.2250

Correct answer D

Solution:

Let the number of 5 paisa coins be 5x

Let the number of 25 paisa coins be 3x

Let the number of 1 rupee coins be 2x

Then, 5*5x/100 + 25*3x/100 + 50 * 2x/100 = 200x/100

Given, 200x/100 = 1500

Therefore, 1500*100/200 = x

x = 750

Hence, 25 paisa coins = 3*750 = 2250

How To Solve Mixtures & Addition Based Ratio Problems

Question 10.

Chetan and Shaheen’s salaries are in the ratio 5 : 9. If both of their salaries are
raised by Rs. 4200, then the proportion changes to 22 : 27. Find Shaheen’s
salary.

A. 9250.95
B. 8058.32
C. 7199.97
D. 13580.45

Correct answer C

Solution:

Let Chetan and Shaheen’s salaries be 5x and 9x

Given, 5x + 4200 / 9x + 4200 = 22/27

135x + 113400 = 198x + 92400

63x = 21000

x = 333.33

Therefore, Shaheen’s salary = 333.33 * 9 + 4200 = 7199.97

Question 11.

Salaries of Preeti and Bina are in the ratio 14 : 15. If both get an increment of
Rs. 5300, the new ratio becomes 33 : 35. What is Preeti’s salary?

A. 24000
B. 34980
C. 30100
D. 10200
 Correct answer B

Solution:

Let Preeti’s salary be 14x, and Bina’s salary be 15x

Given, 14x + 5300 = 33

Given, 15x + 5300 = 35

= 14x + 5300/15x + 5300 = 33/35

= 490x + 185500 = 495x + 174900

5x = 10600

x = 2120

Therefore, Preeti’s salary = 14 * 2120 + 5300 = 34980

Question 12.

400 g of 25% sugar syrup was added to 600 g of 40% sugar syrup. Find the
percentage of the syrup in the mixture.

A. 22%
B. 34%
C. 31%
D. 38%

Correct answer B

Solution:

Amount of sugar syrup in mixture 1 = 25/100*400= 100

Amount of sugar syrup in mixture 2 = 40/100*600 = 240

The total amount of sugar syrup = 340

Percentage of sugar syrup in the mixture = 340 * 100/ 1000 = 34%

Ratio and Proportion Tips and Tricks and Shortcuts

The problems on Ratio and Proportion can be easily solved using some simple tips
and tricks. Given below are some quick tricks and tips on Ratio

1. If x : y and z : a, then it can be solved as (x*z)/(y*a).

2. If x/y=z/a=b/c, then each of these ratios is equal to (x+z+e) ⁄(y+a+f)
3. If x/y=z/a, then y/x=a/z (Invertenao)
4. If x/y=z/a, then x/z=y/a (Alterenao)
5. If x/y=z/a, then (x+y)/y=(z+a)/a (Componendo)
6. If x/y=z/a, then (x-y)/y=(z-a)/a (Dividenao)
7. If x/y=z/a, then (x+y)/(x-y)=(z+a)/(z-a) (Componendo and Dividendo)
8. Four numbers x, y, z and a are said to be in proportion if x : y = z : a. If on the
other hand, x : y = y : z = z : a, then the four numbers are said to be in
continued proportion.
9. Let us consider the ratios, x : y = y : z. Here y is called the mean proportional
and is equal to the square root of the product of x and z i.e. y2 = x *z ⇒ y =
√xz
10. If the three ratios, x : y, y : z, z : a is known, we can find x : a by the
multiplying these three ratios x/a = x/y * y/z * z/a
11. If x, y, z, and a are four terms and the ratios x : y, y : z, z : a are known, then
one can find the ratio x : y : z : a.

There are four types of Ratio and Proportion problems.

Type 1: Ratio and Proportions Tricks- Compound Ratio Based

On Individual Ratios
Question1.

Find the combined ratio of (5 : 6), (7 : 9), (10 : 11).

A. 56/157
B. 65/99
C. 21/31
D. 1/5

Correct answer B
 Solution:

If we compound two or more ratio, then, a : b and c : d will become ac:bd.

Therefore, (5 : 6), (7 : 9), (10 : 11) = 5/6 * 7/9 * 10/11 = 350/594
= 65/99

Type 2: Tricks and Shortcuts-  Distributing Any Quantity

Based On Ratios
Question2.

Rupees 812.5 is divided among Suhas, Ragini, and Gautam in such a way that
3-times Vivek’s share, 2-times Manisha’s share and 4 times Sarah’s share is
equal. Calculate their individual share.

A. 246, 369, 184.5

B. 224, 350, 180.5
C. 250, 375, 187.5
D. 285, 384, 195.5

Correct answer C

Solution:

Let the Suhas, Ragini, and Gautam share be x, y, and z

Given, 2x = 3y = 4z.
Given, x + y + z = 812.5
Therefore, x + 3x/2 + 3x/4 = 812.5
13x = 812.5*4
13x = 3250
x = 250
y = 375
z = 187.5
Type 3: Ratio and Proportions Tips and Tricks- Coins Based
Ratio Problems
Question3.

Geeta has 1800 rupees in the denomination of 5 paisa, 25 paisa, and 75 paisa
in ratio 6 : 3 : 1. Calculate how many 25 paisa coins he has.

A. 2800
B. 2000
C. 3500
D. 3000

Correct answer D

Solution:

Let the number of 5 paisa coins be 6x

Let the number of 25 paisa coins be 3x
Let the number of 75 paisa coins be x
Then, 5*6x/100 + 25*3x/100 + 75x/100 = 180x/100
Given, 180x/100 = 1800
Therefore, 1800*100/180 = x
x = 1000
Hence, 25 paisa coins = 3*1000 = 3000

Type 4: Tips and Tricks- Mixtures & Addition Based Ratio

Problems
Question 4.

A mixture of sugar and water is in the ratio 3 : 2. A man adds 9 liters of water,
and the mixture comes in the ratio of 3 : 5. Find the quantity of sugar in the
new mixture.
A. 9
B. 15
C. 12
D. 10

Correct answer A

Solution:

Let water be 2x, and sugar is 3x.

Given, 3x/2x+9 = 3/5
15x = 6x + 27
9x = 27
x=3
Therefore, quantity of sugar = 3 * 3 = 9 liters