C Programming

Program Structure
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
/* my first program in C */
printf("Hello, World! \n");

return 0;
}
• Tokens in C
printf("Hello, World! \n");

• Semicolons
In a C program, the semicolon is a statement terminator.
printf("Hello, World! \n");

• Comments
/* my first program in C */
// single line comment

• Identifiers
A C identifier is a name used to identify a variable, function, or
any other user-defined item.
Mohd zara abc move_name a_123 myname50 _temp j a23b9
retVal
• Keywords
auto else long switch
break enum register typedef
case extern return union
char float short unsigne
d
const for signed void
continue goto sizeof volatile
default if static while
do int struct _Packed
double
• Whitespace in C
int age;
fruit = apples + oranges; // get the total fruit
 Data Types

• The type of a variable determines how much

space it occupies in storage and how the bit
pattern stored is interpreted.

• Basic Types
• Enumerated types
• The type void
• Derived types
• Integer Types
Type Storage Value range
size
char 1 byte -128 to 127 or 0 to 255
unsigned char 1 byte 0 to 255
signed char 1 byte -128 to 127
int 2 or 4 -32,768 to 32,767 or -2,147,483,648 to
bytes 2,147,483,647
unsigned int 2 or 4 0 to 65,535 or 0 to 4,294,967,295
bytes
short 2 bytes -32,768 to 32,767
unsigned short 2 bytes 0 to 65,535
long 4 bytes -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
unsigned long 4 bytes 0 to 4,294,967,295
• Floating-Point Types

Type Storage size Value range Precision

float 4 byte 1.2E-38 to 6 decimal
3.4E+38 places
double 8 byte 2.3E-308 to 15 decimal
1.7E+308 places
long double 10 byte 3.4E-4932 to 19 decimal
1.1E+4932 places
 Variables

• A variable is a name given to a storage area, so

that our programs can manipulate. 
int i, j, k;
char c, ch;
float f, salary;
double d;

int d = 3, f = 5; // definition and initializing d

and f. char x = 'x';
• Arithmetic Operators
Operators

+ - / * % ++ --
• Relational Operators
== != > < >= <=
• Logical Operators
&& || !
• Bitwise Operators
& | ^ ~ << >>
55 << 2 25>>3
65 & 23
25 | 10
 Operators
• Assignment Operators
= += -+ *= /= %= <<= >>= &= |= ^=
• Misc Operators

Operator Example
sizeof() sizeof(a), where a is integer, will return 4.
& &a; returns the actual address of the
variable.
* *a;
?: If Condition is true ? then value X :
otherwise value Y
 printf() and scanf()
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Number = %d",n);
return 0;
}
• If (a>b)
• Print
• Else
• Print
• If(a>b)?a:b