OSHAcademy Course 706

Conducting a Job Hazard

Analysis (JHA)

Job Hazard Analysis 1

 Trainer Name
Position
Company
Phone
email

Job Hazard Analysis 2

 Goals
Given the information and exercises in this workshop,
you will be able to:

1. Explain to others why JHAs are important

2. Describe the five-step JHA procedure
3. Conduct a simple JHA

Job Hazard Analysis 3

 Introductions!
Ground rules
Getting around
Form teams

Job Hazard Analysis 4

 What is a Job Hazard Analysis?

Is the employer required to

conduct a JHA?

Why is the JHA important?

Job Hazard Analysis 5

 A job is a task: Something you do!

Job Hazard Analysis 6

 Step 1 - Prepare to
conduct the JHA

• Conduct a job review

• Review accident history
• Involve employees
Why involve employees in the JHA?

Job Hazard Analysis 7

 List Hazardous Tasks
List
List Tasks
Tasks

Risk Analysis
Identify
Identify Hazards
Hazards

Probability
Probability Severity
Severity

Prioritize
Prioritize Tasks
Tasks
Job Hazard Analysis 8
 What tasks are appropriate for a job hazard
analysis?

Priority should go to the following types of jobs:

• Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates

• Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling
injuries or illness, even if there is no history of
previous accidents
• Jobs in which one simple human error could lead
to a severe accident or injury
• Jobs that are new to your operation or have
undergone changes in processes and procedures
• Jobs complex enough to require written
instructions
Job Hazard Analysis 9
 Exercise 1: Discuss the various tasks where
you work. Make a list of six tasks on the
Exercise Worksheet.

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 Prioritize Hazardous Tasks
Determine which tasks that are:

• most likely going to cause injury or illness

• going to cause the most severe injury or
illness

Analyze the "Worst First"

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 Conduct a risk analysis to help prioritize jobs

Probability x Severity = Risk

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 Risk is a function of Probability, and Severity

• What is the probability?

• What is the severity?

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 Factors that increase risk

• The number of employees exposed

• The frequency and duration of exposure
• The proximity of employees to the point of
danger
• Potential severity of the injury or illness
• Unreasonable workload
• Working under stress

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 The Risk Assessment Matrix

wash
High

windows
PROBABILITY
Probability

clean
lights

paint wall
Low

Low Medium High

SEVERITY

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 To determine the Risk, Crunch the
Numbers

Job Hazard Analysis 16

 Probability
The likelihood of injury or illness. Rating
Is the most likely and expected result if employee enters dangerzone. 10
Is quite possible, would not be unusual, has an even 50/50 chance. 6
Would be unusual sequence or coincidence 3
Would be remotely possible coincidence.
It has been known to have happened 1
Extremely remote but conceivably possible.
Has never happened after many years of exposure. .5
Practically impossible sequence or coincidence.
A “one in a million” possibility.
Has never happened in spite of exposure over many years. .1

Rating _____

Job Hazard Analysis 17

 Severity
The most likely result - degree of Severity of Consequences Rating
Major Catastrophe: Numerous fatalities; extensive damage
(over $1M); major disruption 100
Several fatalities; damage $500K to $1M 50
Fatality; damage $100K to $500K 30
Extremely serious injury; (amputation, permanent disability);
damage $1,000 to $100,000 20
Disabling injuries; damage up to $1,000 10
Minor cuts, bruises, bumps; minor damage 1

Rating ______

Job Hazard Analysis 18

 Exercise 2: Determine the risk scores for
three tasks from Exercise 1.

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 Step Two - Break the job
down into a series of steps

• What is a step?

Action!
• Each step describes an ____________________

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 Tips on conducting a JHA

• Be sure to record enough information

• Avoid making the breakdown of steps too detailed
• Get input from other workers
• Review the job steps with the employee
• Point out that you are evaluating the job itself, not
the employee’s job performance
• Include the employee in all phases of the analysis
• Photograph or videotape the worker performing the
job

Job Hazard Analysis 21

 Exercise 3: Using the JHA Worksheet,
discuss and develop steps for one of the jobs
listed in the workbook. You can choose
another job if you want.

Job Hazard Analysis 22

 Step Three - Describe the
hazards in each step

Hazards and Exposure

Condition that could
A hazard is an unsafe ______________
cause injury or illness to an employee.

Job Hazard Analysis 23

 What is exposure?

Exposure usually refers to an employee's

placement relative to the hazard’s
Danger Zone
_______________________

If the employee is within the danger zone, the

employee is exposed.

Job Hazard Analysis 24

 Don't forget to look for potential hazards

• Is there danger of striking against, being struck by,

or otherwise making harmful contact with an
object?
• Can the worker be caught in, by, or between
objects?
• Is there potential for a slip or trip?
• Can the employee fall from one level to another or
even on the same level?
• Can pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering, bending, or
twisting cause strain?

Job Hazard Analysis 25

 • Is the work environment hazardous to safety or
health?
• Are there concentrations of toxic gas, vapor, fumes,
or dust?
• Are there potential exposures to heat, cold, noise,
or ionizing radiation?
• Are there flammable, explosive, or electrical
hazards?

Job Hazard Analysis 26

 Common Hazards and Descriptions

Chemical
Explosion Noise
Electrical Radiation
Ergonomics Struck by
Excavation Struck against
Fall Temperature
Fire/Heat Visibility
Mechanical Weather

Job Hazard Analysis 27

 What kind of hazards do we have in this
procedure?

What kind of accident may happen?

(TRAINER – PLACE PHOTO(S)

HERE WITH EXAMPLES OF
HAZARDS IN YOUR INDUSTRY)

Job Hazard Analysis 28

 Exercise 4: Using the JHA form, list the
hazards and possible accidents that might
result in each step in your JHA.

Job Hazard Analysis 29

 Step Four - Develop
Preventive Measures

How do I correct or prevent hazards?

1. Engineering Controls
2. Management Controls
3. Personal Protective Equipment
4. Temporary measures

Job Hazard Analysis 30

 Exercise 5: Using the JHA form, identify and
list preventive measures in each step of the
task.

Job Hazard Analysis 31

 Step Five - Write the
Safe Job Procedure

Points to remember
• Write in a step-by-step format
• Paint a word picture - concrete vs. abstract
• Write the narrative in the first person
• Write in the present tense
• Write as clearly as possible - use not utilize
• Remind the worker why it’s important
• Include notes, cautions, warnings
• Write at 8th grade level

Job Hazard Analysis 32

 Example SJP:

Pounding a nail into a piece of wood.

Job Hazard Analysis 33

 EXERCISE 6: Using the worksheet below, write
a safe job procedure for your team’s task.
Evaluate the SJP using the criteria discussed on
the previous page.

Job Hazard Analysis 34

 Reviewing the JHA

• Periodically reviewing your job hazard analysis ensures

that it remains current and continues to help reduce
workplace accidents and injuries.

• Even if the job has not changed, it is possible that during

the review process you will identify hazards that were
not identified in the initial analysis.

Job Hazard Analysis 35

 Reviewing the JHA

• Review your job hazard analysis if an illness or injury

occurs on a specific job.

• Any time you revise a job hazard analysis, it is important

to train all employees affected by the changes in the new
job methods, procedures, or protective measures
adopted.

Job Hazard Analysis 36

 JHA
Use the JHA as a lesson plan

• To get more value out of the JHA program, consider

using the completed JHA as a lesson plan when
training new employees.

• Doing so helps guarantee safe job procedures are

taught from the start.

Job Hazard Analysis 37

 Get employees involved

• Its' so important to involve employees in developing

JHAs to increase ownership.

• Employees use their own procedures when not being

directly supervised.

• Doesn't it make sense to involve employees in

developing safe job procedures so that when they are
not being supervised, they'll use them!

Job Hazard Analysis 38

 Before you run… let’s review!

Job Hazard Analysis 39

 That's it!
Be safe!
See you next time!

Job Hazard Analysis 40