Risk Assessment

Objective of this session

• Promote importance of Risk Assessment

• Understand the Steps of a Formal Risk Assessment
• Understand the Form and Process
• Go through an Example
Risk assessment – Why…???
Risk assessment – Why…???

• People don’t come to work to work unsafely;

• People don’t come to work to get injured;
• What could be the consequences of my
activities?

…and lets not forget:

•Behind every incident is a person;

•And behind every person a family…..

Safety Is Not a Numbers Game - It’s About People…..!

The Individual
Complacency
Self-satisfaction especially
when accompanied by
unawareness of actual hazards.
“I can’t be bothered”
Solution
Do not take unnecessary
risks;
Ensure compliance with
appropriate rules, regulations
and procedures;
Effective Communication;
Work Planning Meetings
including risk assessment
where appropriate;
Meaningful HSE Committee
Meetings;
Risk Taking
Taking an action where the
outcome is uncertain, often
in contravention of norms,
regulations or procedures.
“I’ll take a Chance”
Solution
Do not take unnecessary
risks;
Ensure compliance with
applicable rules, regulations
and procedures;
Learn from the mistakes of
others;
Risk assessment – Why…???

Never trust to Chance!

But sometimes we do…

And sometimes we may have to…..

Hazard or Risk?
Risk Assessment Definitions

HAZARD: “The Potential of a substance, activity or process to cause

harm or loss.”
Risk Assessment Definitions

RISK

• The chance that a substance, activity or process will cause harm or

loss.

• The likelihood is the odds that a situation will occur (alternative

words for “Chance”, “Probability”); e.g. the risk of getting aground,
the risk of falling in heights etc.

RISK FACTOR
• is a combination of the Likelihood and Severity - the outcome of a
Risk Assessment for a particular hazard and set of controls;

RISK FACTOR = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY

Likelihood (Probability or Chance)

What are the chances of it happening?

1 2 3 4 5

Unlikely Certain
Very Occasional
(might Likely (might
Unlikely (might occur
occur (might occur occur once
(practically every 1-10
every 10- once a year) every 6
impossible) years)
20 years) months)
Severity ….how bad is it going to be ?
Severity

Consequences
Health & Safety Environ. Property

Negligible Negligible
1 Negligible
<10 l <$10,000
Minor Minor Minor
2 (first aid case or minor health effect) 10 – 100 l. $10,001 - $100,000

Significant Significant Significant

3 (medical treatment ashore) 100 -1000 l. $100,001 - $1,000,000
Critical
Critical Critical
4 (hospitalization, repatriation, disability) 1000 - 10000 l
$1,000,001 -
$25,000,000
Catastrophic Catastrophic Catastrophic
5 (fatal injury or disease) >10000 l > $25,000,000
Impact

Impact is the harm to:

PERSONNEL (Health & Safety)

ENVIRONMENT
PROPERTY
 The Risk Management Process

STEP 2 STEP 4 STEP 6

STEP 5
STEP 1 Identify the Hazards and STEP 3 Record and Review the Assessment
Decide if Risk Establish Further
Specify Task impact - Who and what can be Evaluate Risk and Task Conditions. Ensure RA and
Factor is Risk Controls
or Activity harmed. Identify Controls in Factor Tolerable controls remain effective.
Place.

Yes Acceptable. No further measures

Risk Factor 1-3 required. The task or activity can be
carried out.
Likelihood
No
Personnel
x
Chemical Yes Acceptable. Review whether the risk
Hazard Physical Risk Factor 4-6 factor can be reduced by implementing
Hazard Severity further risk controls..

Biological
Hazard Psycological = No
Requires risk mitigation.The risk factor
Hazard shall be reduced by implementing
Environment Risk Yes further risk controls prior to commencing
Risk Factor 8-12
Factor the task or activity. Contact Marine or
Ship
Technical Superintendent or the
Cargo Company's Safety Officer

Yes Not acceptable. Do not start or continue

Risk Factor 15-25 work . Contact the DPA
The Risk Assessment Form
STEP - 1 Specify Task or Activity

Consider…………………

•The Location;
•Who normally/occasionally carries out the task;
•People affected;
•How long the task is expected to take;
•Skills available;
•Training that personnel have received for the task;
•Equipment to be used.
STEP - 2 Identify the HAZARDS, IMPACT and CONTROLS

Identify the Hazard…. Is there a Source of Harm?

Physical - Noise, vibration, height, enclosed spaces.

Chemical - Paint, fumes, poisons, acids, dusts and irritants.
Biological - Bacteria, pathogens, mutagens.
Psychological - Stress, anxiety, fatigue
STEP - 2 Identify the HAZARDS, IMPACT and CONTROLS

Identify the Impact…. Who or what could be harmed?

STEP - 2 Identify the HAZARDS, IMPACT and CONTROLS

Identify the Risk Controls in Place.

Existing controls:
•Use of
procedure;
•Skill level;
•Use of PPE;
•Permits;
•Lighting;
•Ventilation;
•Isolations;

•Supervision.
STEP - 3 Evaluate “RISK FACTOR”

Consequences Likelihood
Severity

1 2 3 4 5
Certain
Very Unlikely Occasional
Likely (might
Health & Unlikely (might occur (might occur
Environ. Property (might occur occur once
Safety (practically every 10-20 every 1-10
once a year) every 6
impossible) years) years)
months)

Negligible Negligible
1 Negligible
<10 l <$10,000
1 2 3 4 5

Minor
(first aid
Minor
case or Minor
2 minor 10 – 100 l.
$10,001 - 2 4 6 8 10
$100,000
health
effect)
Significant
Significant
(medical Significant
3 treatment 100 -1000 l.
$100,001 - 3 6 9 12 15
$1,000,000
ashore)
Critical Critical
(hospitalizat Critical $1,000,001
4 ion, 1000 - - 4 8 12 16 20
repatriation, 10000 l $25,000,00
disability) 0
Catastrophi
Catastrophi
Catastrophi c
c
5 (fatal injury
c > 5 10 15 20 25
>10000 l $25,000,00
or disease)
0
STEP - 4 Decide if Risk Factor is Tolerable

Are the risks “Tolerable” ???

Can we control the risks ???
Do we increase the controls we have ???

Risk Factor Risk Acceptance Measures

No further measures required.

1-3 Acceptable The Task or activity can be
carried out.

Review whether the risk factor

4-6 Acceptable can be reduced by implementing
further risk controls.

The risk factor should be

reduced by implementing further
risk controls prior to
8 -12 Requires risk mitigation commencing the task. Contact
Marine or Technical
Superintendent or the
Company's Safety Officer.

Not acceptable Do not start or continue work.

15-25 Requires risk mitigation Contact the DPA
•Further Risk Controls are measures which have to be implemented to reduce the Risk Factor to an acceptable level;

STEP - 5 Establish Further Risk Controls

Measures which have to be implemented to reduce the Risk Factor

to an acceptable level;

E Eliminate
S Substitute
C Contain
A Alter
P P.P.E.
E Educate
S Supervision
•Further Risk Controls are measures which have to be implemented to reduce the Risk Factor to an acceptable level;

STEP - 6 Record & Review

Where a written risk assessment

already exists, the implicit
assumptions upon which it was
based should be checked to ensure
that they remain valid.

Review is an essential part of risk management, things change - people,

equipment, circumstances - there may have been incidents associated
with the activity or changes in legislation or guidance. Make sure the
assessment remains valid.

If the Assessment is used for the same task repeatedly it should be

checked and reviewed periodically, at least annually, to ensure the
Hazards and Risk Factors remain the same and Controls effective.
The Assessment Process -EXAMPLE

Hotwork at the Forecastle

•Location – Forecastle
•Job – Welding mooring windlass
•Who – Fitter Alpha, AB Bravo, OS Charlie
•Conditions – Vessel anchored, calm sea and dry weather.

Step 1

Welding mooring windlass at the

forecastle by Fitter Alpha, AB Bravo,
OS Charlie
The Assessment Process -EXAMPLE Step 2

HOT WORK
Identify HAZARDS, IMPACT and CONTROLS in place…

Ref no. HAZARD IMPACT RISK CONTROLS IN PLACE

1 Leakage of Explosion & Fire 1. Hot Work Procedure, Hot
Oxygen / -Severe injuries & Work Permit to be completed.
Acetylene fatalities; 2. Work Planning Meeting.
-damage to the
environment,
-damage to
property
1. Hot Work Procedure to be
reviewed and Hot Work Permit
2 Radiation Injury
to be completed.
2. Work Planning Meeting.
3. Use of appropriate PPE.
4. Welding operations to be
shielded from other persons.
 The Assessment Process -EXAMPLE Step 3
LIKELIHOOD
1 2 3 4 5
1 1 2 3 4 5
S
Evaluate RISK FACTOR E I2
2 4 6 8 10

V T3 3 6 9 12 15

E Y4 4 8 12 16 20

R 5 5 10 15 20 25

RISK EVALUATION
Ref no. HAZARD IMPACT RISK CONTROLS (RF= L x S)
L S RF
1 Leakage of Explosion & Fire 1. Hot Work Procedure
Oxygen / -Severe injuries to be reviewed and Hot
Acetylene & fatalities; Work Permit to be 3 3 9
-damage to the completed.
environment,
-damage to 2. Work Planning
property Meeting.
 The Assessment Process -EXAMPLE Step 4 & 5
Decide if Risk is Tolerable…
RISK EVALUATION
Ref no. HAZARD IMPACT RISK CONTROLS (RF= L x S)
L S RF
1 Leakage of Explosion & Fire 1. Hot Work Procedure to be
Oxygen / -Severe injuries & reviewed and Hot Work Permit to
Acetylene fatalities; be completed. 3 3 9
-damage to the 2. Work Planning Meeting.
environment,
-damage to property

Requires RISK MITIGATION …

RISK
Further Risk Controls EVALUATION
(Input in case of Risk above 6, RF >6) (RF= L x S)
L S RF
1. The gas supply flexible hoses should be inspected prior to the
activity to confirm their good condition.
2. The welding / cutting torch and associated fittings to be 2 3 6
inspected prior to the activity to confirm good condition.
3. Supply valves on gas cylinders and gas mains to be closed
and flexible hoses de-pressurized upon completion of work.
 The Assessment Process -EXAMPLE

RISK RISK
Ref EVALUATION
Further Risk Controls
EVALUATION GO… or… NO GO…?
no. (RF= L x S)
(Input in case of Risk (RF= L x S)
L S RF above 6, RF >6) L S RF
1. The gas supply flexible
hoses should be
inspected prior to the RF = 1-3 Acceptable
activity to confirm their
good condition.
2. The welding / cutting
torch and associated
fittings to be inspected
1 3 3 9 prior to the activity to 2 3 6 RF = 4-6 Acceptable
confirm good condition.
3. Supply valves on gas
cylinders and gas mains
to be closed and flexible Requires Risk
hoses de-pressurized Mitigation : Contact
upon completion of RF = 8-12 MSI or TSI or Company
work. Safety Officer

Not Acceptable:
2 2 2 4 RF = 15-25
Contact DPA
0
The Assessment Process – Review & Record Findings

• Sign and date the

Assessment;
• File Record in CO.3

• If any of the
details change on
the assessment it
should be
reviewed;
• If a task is to be
repeated then
review the
Assessment
periodically to
ensure that all the
issues remain valid.
 How Can You Reduce Risk

• Plan your work;

• “Toolbox” talks;
• Change work method;
• Use different tools;
• Write a procedure or work instruction;
• Use the Permit to Work system;
• Use checklists;
• Check the instructions / manuals;
• Ask for help;
• …………………………………………………?
How Can You Reduce Risk

ASSESS THE RISK

ANALYSE TO IMPLEMENT MEASURES TO

REDUCE THE RISK

ACT TO ENSURE SAFE OPERATIONS

Or else…….. RUN AWAY!!