WORKPLACE RISK ASSESSMENT

AND DEVELOPING CONTROLS

HAZARD
HAZARDIDENTIFICATION, RISK
IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENTAND
AND CONTROL
CONTROL

Objective
At the end of the discussion, participants shall be able
to: 1.Discuss the importance and goal of risk
assessment;
2.Determine how to use the risk matrix and risk
ratings upon identifying hazards in the workplace;
3.Conduct workplace risk assessment; and
4.Determine classification of risk level of
workplace
HAZARD
HAZARDIDENTIFICATION, RISK
IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENTAND
AND CONTROL
CONTROL

INTRODUCTION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Department Order 198 series of 2018

Chapter IV : Covered Workplaces

Section 12. Occupational Safety and Health
(OSH) Program
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL
 Section 3. DEFINITION OF
TERMS

Certified first- Low risk Medium risk esta Micro and Small
aider – any establishment – a blishment – a Enterprises
person trained and workplace where workplace where (MSEs) –
there is low level there is moderate establishments
duly certified to
of danger or exposure to employing less
administer first aid
exposure to safety safety and health than 10 employees
by the Philippine and health hazard hazards and with and the
Red Cross (PRC) or s or with low probability of an establishments
any organization probability to accident, injury or employing less
authorized by the result in accident, illness than 100
harm or illness employees
DOLE Secretary
Section 3. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
High risk establishment – refers to a workplace wherein the
presence of hazard or potential hazard within the company may affect
the safety and/or health of workers not only within but also persons
outside the premises of the establishment. The following are work-
places commonly associated with potentially high-risk activities:
1.  Chemical works and chemical 11.  Power generation, transmission and
production plants; distribution in the energy sector;
2.  Construction; 12.  Storage and distribution center for toxic
3.  Deep sea fishing; or hazardous chemicals;
13. 
4.  Explosives and pyrotechnics Storage of fertilizers in high volume;
factories; 14.  Transportation;
5.  Firefighting; 15.  Water supply, sewerage, waste
6.  Healthcare facilities; management, remediation activities;
7.  Installation of communication 16.  Works in which chlorine is used in bulk;
accessories, towers and cables; 17.  Activities closely similar to those
8.  LPG filling, refilling, storage and enumerated above and other activities as
distribution; determined by DOLE in accordance with
9.  Mining; existing issuances on the classification of
10.  Petrochemical works and refineries; establishments.
 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND
RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL (HIRAC)

Key steps in Identifying/Recognizing Hazards in the Workplace:

1. Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard
identification).

2. Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with

that hazard
(risk assessment, and risk evaluation, Record the
findings).
3. Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard
cannot be eliminated (risk control).

Remember..
DEFINITIONS
 KEY STEPS IN IDENTIFYING HAZARDS

2. RISK ASSESSMENT
- is a technique to identify the level of risk a hazard
possess in order to determine the prioritization order
required in addressing the numerous hazards in a
workplace .
-
analyze and evaluate the risk attached to the hazard
(risk analysis and evaluation.

- overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk

and deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Hazard
Anything (e.g. condition, situation, practice, behavior) that has
the potential to cause harm, including injury, disease, death,
environmental, property and equipment damage. A hazard can
be a thing or a situation.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Likelihood
is the chance that the hazardous event will occur

SEVERITY
The result of hazardous event where hazard has taken its effect
to the receiver.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Risk
The chance or probability that a person will be harmed
or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a
hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or
equipment loss.

On contrary, SAFETY is freedom from unacceptable

risk or harm.

Risk= Likelihood X Severity

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Tolerable Risk
“risk that has been reduced to a level that can be
endured by the organization having regard to its
legal obligations and its own OH & S policy”

Residual Risk
The amount of Risk that remains after the
application of control measure.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

How to Identify Hazards?

§  Physical work environment
§  Equipment, materials or substance used
§  Work tasks and how they are performed
§  Work design and management
§  Walk through/ocular inspection
§  SDS Safety Data Sheet
§  Workers complaints.
§  senses
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Why Risk Assessment is conducted?

-Meet the legal requirements
-Prioritize hazards and control measure
-Create awareness of the risk
-who are involved?
-determine if control measures are needed?
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Main Goal of Risk Assessment?

§  How severe a risk is
§  Whether existing control measures are effective
§  What action should be taken to control a risk
§  How urgently action needs to be taken
§  Possible consequences
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Factors that Influence the Degree of Risk

§  How often is the person exposed
(frequency)
§  For how long is the person exposed
(duration)
§  How many people are exposed
§  How severe are the effects under the
conditions of exposure
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

When should a risk assessment be done?

-New processes or activities introduced.

-New machinery, tools, equipment
-When hazards are identified
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Likelihood
is the chance that the hazardous event will occur

SEVERITY
The result of hazardous event where hazard has taken its effect
to the receiver.


Risk = Likelihood X Severity

 22
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT and CONTROL (HIRAC) Form
Group No. _________
Members:
1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Assessment (Initial 3. Risk Control
Evaluation)
W
o Propos
Due
Existing Risk ed
rk
              Date
  A   Contro
No
Hazard( Possible Control (if Proba Prob Sever Residu /
c
s) Effects Severity Risk l
ability ity al Risk Statu
ti any) bility Measu
vi s
ty
re(s)
                         
1
 
 
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
 
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

RISK ASSESSMENT
PROCEDURE
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Table scales for likelihood and severity

3X3

Based on Severity /C Based on Likelihood

1. Minor 1. Unlikely
2. Major 2. Likely
3. Catastrophic 3. Almost
u  SEVERITY

Superficial injuries, Nuisance, Irritation, ill-

1.MINOR health leading to temporary discomfort

Lacerations, Burns, fractures Deafness,

2. MAJOR dermatitis, ill-health leading to permanent
minor disability.

3.CATASTROPHIC Amputations, Major fractures, Fatal

injuries, severe life shortening diseases
u  LIKELIHOOD

u  Occurs during accident, breakdown or

1.UNLIKELY emergency situation.

u  Occurs during regular scheduled

2. LIKELY practice i.e.
monthly or yearly e.g. during
maintenance.

3.ALMOST
u  Occurs during normal everyday
practice.
27
 EVALUATE THE RISK

Severity These risk ratings correspond to

recommended actions such as:
Catastropi   High risk: STOP/investigate the process
Likelihood Minor 1 Major 2
hc 3 and implement controls immediately
 Medium risk: keep the process going;
Almost 3 M (3) M (6) H (9) however, a control plan must be
developed and should be
implemented as soon as possible
Likely 2 L (2) M (4) M (6)
 Low risk: keep the process going, but
monitor regularly. A control plan
should also be investigated
Unlikely 1 L (1) L (2) M (3)
 Another Example of HIRAC

Hazard Risk Analysis Risk Risk After control apply

Identification R=LXS Control
Work
Activity
Hazar
d
Likelihood Severity Type of Control
Measure
Likeliho
od
Severity Type of
Risk
Risk
Painting Inhala
tion of
Likely-2 Catasthrophic- Medium Wear
Respirator
Unlikel Minor Low
of wall y
chemi 3 2x3=6 y
cal Protecti
on

Likelihood Severity Risk

1 Unlike 1 Minor 1-2 Low

2 Likely 2 Major 3-4 Medium

3 Almost 3 Catasthrophic 6-9 High

 Example of HIRAC
Hazard Hazard Effect Initial Risk Rating (H/M/L)
(no controls in place)

Shredder Cuts, Caught in Between 2 - severity (serious)

3 - likelihood
(highly likely)

2 x 3 = 6 (H)
Ergonomic Back pain 1 – severity
Hazard (minor)
3 – likelihood
(highly)

1 x 3 = 3 (M)
Electrical Injury, death (electrocution) 3 - severity (major)
2 - likelihood
(likely)

3 x 2 = 6 (H)
 Risk Rating
LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY

1 – Rare 1 Insignificant

2 – unlikely 2 – Minor

3 – Possible 3 – Moderate

4 – Likely 4 – Major

5 – Almost 5 – Catastrophic
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

SEVERITY/Consequence Evaluation
CONSEQUENCES HOW SEVERELY COULD SOMEONE BE HURT?
5-Catastrophic Death or permanent disability
4-Major Serious injury, hospital treatment, more than 3 days absent
3-Moderate Injury requiring medical treatment and some lost time
2-Minor Minor Injury, requires first aid
1-Insignificant No injury, no treatment or first aid
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Likelihood Evaluation
LIKELIHOOD HOW LIKELY ARE THE CONSEQUENCES?
5-Almost Expected to occur in most circumstances (1/100)
4-Likely Will probably occur in most circumstances (1/1,000)
3-Possible Might occur occasionally (1/10,000)
2-Unlikely Could happen some time (1/100,000)
1- Rare May happen only in exceptional circumstances
(1/1,000,000)
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

RISK MATRIX
Severity
Likelihood Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
1 2 3 4 5
Almost MODERATE HIGH HIGH EXTREME EXTREME
5 (5) (10) (15) (20) (25)
Likely LOW MODERATE HIGH HIGH EXTREME
4 (4) (8) (12) (16) (20)
Possible LOW MODERATE MODERATE HIGH HIGH
3 (3) (6) (9) (12) (15)
Unlikely LOW LOW MODERATE MODERATE HIGH
2 (2) (4) (6) (8) (10)
Rare LOW LOW LOW LOW MODERATE
1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL
Severity
Likelihood Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
1 2 3 4 5
Almost MODERATE HIGH HIGH EXTREME EXTREME
5 (5) (10) (15) (20) (25)
Likely LOW MODERATE HIGH HIGH EXTREME
4 (4) (8) (12) (16) (20)
Possible LOW MODERATE MODERATE HIGH HIGH
3 (3) (6) (9) (12) (15)
Unlikely LOW LOW MODERATE MODERATE HIGH
2 (2) (4) (6) (8) (10)
Rare LOW LOW LOW LOW MODERATE
1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Legend:
L Low Risk 1-4– considered acceptable. No further action of CMs are necessary
M Moderate Risk 5-9– relatively acceptable. However, further CMs should be considered and existing CMs
should be monitored
H High Risk 10-16– unacceptable level of risk. CMs must be developed and implemented in short to medium
term
E Extreme Risk 17-25– unacceptable level of risk. CMs must be immediately implemented or the risk eliminated
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Risk Rating Matrix

Severity
LIKELIHOOD Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
Almost 5 5 10 15 20 25
Likely 4 4 8 12 16 20
Possible 3 3 6 9 12 15
Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8 10
Rare 1 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5

17 – 25 EXTREME RISK Stop activity and make immediate improvements

10 – 16 HIGH RISK Look to improve within specified timescale
5–9 MODERATE RISK Look to improve at next review
1–4 LOW RISK No further action, but ensure controls are maintained
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL
 38
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT and CONTROL (HIRAC) Form
Group No. _________
Members:
1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Assessment (Initial Evaluation) 3. Risk Control

R= LXS
W Pro
o pos
r
  Existing   ed
 
Due
k   Risk     Co     Date
  A
Hazard(
Possibl Probability/ Prob
Sever Residu /
No Severity ntro
c
ti s)
e Control LIKELIHOOD S
Risk l
abilit
ity al Risk Statu
Effects y
v (if any) L Me s
it asur
y e(s)
 
 
1
   
 
      4   5   4x5=20          

 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
 
RISK MATRIX
RISK ASSESSMENT
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

RECAP
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Meeting the Objective

At the end of the discussion, participants shall be able
to:
1.The importance and goal of risk assessment;
2.Determine how to use the risk matrix and risk
ratings upon identifying hazards in the workplace;
3.Conduct workplace risk assessment; and
4.Determine classification of risk level of workplace
 REVIEW QUIZ 43

Risk is a combination of:.

____________________________

____________________________

What are the three (3) steps in controlling work-related

accident and illnesses?

1. ____________________________

2. ____________________________

3. ____________________________
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Risk Assessment Procedure

3. Controlling Risks
Once a risk rating is determined, each hazard
must have its existing risk control measures.
Evaluate the existing control using the
Evaluation of Control Effectiveness.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Risk Assessment Procedure

3. Controlling Risks

Using the three (3) Methods from Hierarchy of

Control
1.  Engineering Controls
2.  Administrative Controls
3.  Personal Protective Equipment
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Hierarchy of Controls
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

The Major Areas Where Hazardous Conditions

Can Be Controlled
1.  To attack the hazard at its source
2.  To control the hazard along its path
3.  To direct control efforts at the receiver, the
worker.

SOURCE PATH RECEIVER

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Establishing Preventive and Corrective Measures

1. Engineering Controls
§  Isolation of source (Hazard)
§  Lockout & Tag-out (LOTO) procedures
§  Design
§  Process or procedural changes
§  Monitoring & warning equipment
§  Chemical or material substitution
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Establishing Preventive and Corrective Measures

2. Administrative Controls
§  Personnel (recruitment)
§  Management (H&S program)
§  Monitoring
§  Limiting worker exposure
§  Measuring performance
§  Training and Education (TNA)
§  Housekeeping and maintenance (PM)
§  Purchasing
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Establishing Preventive and Corrective Measures

3. Personal Protective Equipment
§  To reduce exposures, while other controls
are being implemented
§  To provide protection during activities, such
as, maintenance and repairs when controls
are not feasible
§  To provide protection during emergencies.
§  To supplement other controls
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Risk Assessment Procedure

3. Controlling Risks

Controlling the Hazards

§  Can the hazard be eliminated, substituted or
reduced by Engineering Controls?
§  Can Administrative Controls be applied to reduce the
exposure of workers/employee to the hazard?
§  Can Personal Protective Equipment helps to reduce
the exposure of workers/employee to the hazard?
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Risk Assessment Procedure

4. Implement additional risk controls
§  The most effective control option/s
should be selected to eliminate or
minimize risks.
§  Use the Hierarchy of Controls to
determine the most effective way.
§  Controls may need to be trialed to
determine effectiveness and workers
should be involved in the feedback
process.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

Risk Assessment Procedure

5. Monitor and Review
Hazard identification, risk assessment and
control is an on-going process. Therefore,
regularly review the effectiveness of your
hazard assessment and control measures.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

5. Monitor and Review

Description of Monitoring
§  Active Monitoring – high likelihood & high severity
§  Emergency Planning – low likelihood but high
severity

§  Good Housekeeping – high likelihood with low

severity

§  Regular Reviewing – low likelihood and low severity

55
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL

RECAP
 REVIEW QUIZ 57

What are the three (3) HIERARCHY of Controls

1. ____________________________

2. ____________________________

3. ____________________________
 WORKSHOP
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

HIRAC
 59
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT and CONTROL (HIRAC) Form
Group No. _________
Members:
1. Hazard 2. Risk Assessment (Initial Evaluation) 3. Risk Control
Identification
R=LXS
W Propos
or   Due
ed
  k   Possi
Existing Risk           Date
N A Hazard ble
  Contro
Prob Sever Residu
Proba /
o ct (s) Effe Control (if any) bility Severity Risk l
ability ity al Risk Statu
ivi Measu
cts s
ty re(s)
   WELDING       -   2             
1
 
 
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
                     
 
 
“
Can You Spot the Hazards?

60
1
“
Can You Spot the Hazards?

62
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL
Severity
Likelihood Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
1 2 3 4 5
Almost MODERATE HIGH HIGH EXTREME EXTREME
5 (5) (10) (15) (20) (25)
Likely LOW MODERATE HIGH HIGH EXTREME
4 (4) (8) (12) (16) (20)
Possible LOW MODERATE MODERATE HIGH HIGH
3 (3) (6) (9) (12) (15)
Unlikely LOW LOW MODERATE MODERATE HIGH
2 (2) (4) (6) (8) (10)
Rare LOW LOW LOW LOW MODERATE
1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Legend:
L Low Risk 1-4– considered acceptable. No further action of CMs are necessary
M Moderate Risk 5-9– relatively acceptable. However, further CMs should be considered and existing CMs
should be monitored
H High Risk 10-16– unacceptable level of risk. CMs must be developed and implemented in short to medium
term
E Extreme Risk 17-25– unacceptable level of risk. CMs must be immediately implemented or the risk eliminated
 “…Make a change. Don’t give risk a chance…”

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION
THANKS!
Any questions? 65
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