COSH MODULE 1:

Why the Need for

COSH?
Edgardo R. Bugayong Jr., RN
DOLE OSH Consultant
 Objectives
At the end of the module, the
participants would be able to:
1.  Explain the current Philippine OSH situation;
2.  Describe the OSH situation in their own workplace
(construction);
3.  Enumerate the roles of safety officers in OSH
implementation;
4.  Identify the risk assessment steps/processes; and
5.  Define unsafe/unhealthy acts and conditions.
“
3
Profitability
4

Growth
Continuity
 Attitude +
Power = 5

Performance
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
If,
ABCDEFGHI J K L M N O PQ R S T U V W X Y Z

Equals,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

6
Then, K+ N +O +W+ L +E+D+G+E
11 + 14 + 15 + 23 + 12 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 96%

H+A+R +D+W+ O+ R +K
8 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 23 + 15 + 18 + 11 = 98%

A+T +T + I+T + U +D+E

1 + 20 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 21 + 4 + 5 = 100%
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

“Safety & Health is about 7

ATTITUDE.”
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

Safety is everybody’s
concern. Everyone who works 8

in a company has things to

contribute for each other’s
safety.
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

With a highly mobile population and different

contractors are working on dangerous construction
sites at the same time, Construction continues to be
a major cause of death and disabilities.
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
High risk establishment – refers to a workplace wherein the
presence of hazard or potential hazard within the company may a
ffect the safety and/or health of workers. The following are wor
kplaces commonly associated with potentially high-risk activities:
1.  Chemical works and chemical
production plants;
2.  Construction;
3.  Deep sea fishing;
4.  Explosives and pyrotechnics
factories;
5.  Firefighting;
6.  Healthcare facilities;
7.  Installation of communication
accessories, towers and cables;
8.  LPG filling, refilling, storage and
distribution;
9.  Mining;
10.  Petrochemical works and refineries;
11.  Power generation, transmission and 10
distribution in the energy sector;
12.  Storage and distribution center for to
13. 
xic or hazardous chemicals;
Storage of fertilizers in high volume;
14.  Transportation;
15.  Water supply, sewerage, waste
management, remediation activiti
es;
16.  Works in which chlorine is used in b
ulk;
17.  Activities closely similar to those
enumerated above and other act
ivities as determined by DOLE in acc
ordance with existing issuances on t
he classification of establishments.
 11

GLOBAL
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

12
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

13
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

14
 15

PHILIPPINES
CURRENT OSH SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Latest data from the Philippine Statistical Authority’s survey (PSA)
reveal that there has been an increase on occupational injuries
between the years 2003 to 2015 from 23,000 occupational injuries to
an approximate of 51,000, and 55,000 occupational diseases to around
128,000. However, there is a possibility of under-reporting of both
occupational injuries and diseases due to weakness in the notification
system of workplace accidents and data/report on workers’ exposure to
hazard.
- Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics 2003/2004, 2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2011 /2012 BLES
Integrated Survey, Philippine Statistics Authority, 2013/2014, 2015/2016 Integrated Survey on
Labor and Employment

CURRENT OSH SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Faizza Tanggol | Communications Officer WHO Philippines | 23 August 2018 | The Occupational
Safety and Health Standards Act will protect the health of workers in the Philippines

CURRENT OSH SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

CURRENT OSH SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
CURRENT OSH SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
The Philippine Government estimates that 2.2 million Filipino workers in medium and
large enterprises enjoy effective occupational safety and health (OSH) protection and

17 of 18 persons in the
services. In other words,

nation’s workforce of 38.8 million do not

benefit from acceptable working
conditions. Studies substantiate that OSH conditions in micro-firms and the
informal sector pose risks and hazards.
Ma Lourdes Macapanpan | Programme Assistant in Employment Policy and Job Creation
ILO Country Office for the Philippines (CO-Manila) |
https://www.ilo.org/manila/areasofwork/safety-and-health-at-work/lang--en/index.htm

CURRENT OSH SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

22
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

COST 23

OF
ACCIDENT AND ILLNESS
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
Human Costs
The effect of accident to a worker entails a lot of losses
in terms of:
§  Disability- (temporary or permanent) 24

Pain and suffering

§  Loss of income;
loss of earning capacity
§  Change in social life
§  Death
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
Economic Costs
The economic cost of incidents and illnesses are
far greater than most people realize
Direct Costs: 25

§  Medical Costs
§  Insurance premium
§  Employee compensation
§  Regulatory penalties
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
Economic Costs
The economic cost of incidents and illnesses are
far greater than most people realize
Indirect Costs: 26

§  Investigation of the incident

§  Cleaning up of incident site
§  Disruption in production
§  Repair/ replacement of damaged materials/
equipment
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
Economic Costs
The economic cost of incidents and illnesses are
far greater than most people realize
Indirect Costs: 27

§  Training of new/ replacement employees

§  Poor employee morale leading to low
production
§  Environmental litigation
§  Ecological remediation
§  Marketing efforts to project image
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

The
Iceberg 28

Principle
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

Direct Costs:

The §  Medical
§ 
Indirect Costs:
Lost Time
Costs 29

Nail §  Insurance
premium
§ 
§ 
§ 
Extra wages/overtime
Sick pay
Production Delays
§  Employee
Principle compensat
ion
§ 
§ 
Loss of Contracts
Legal cost
§  Regulatory §  Damage to product,
penalties plant
§  Clearing the site
§  Investigation time
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

30

Morale & Reputation

FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

Is safety
profit or 31

loss?
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
It's smart to pay
for safety and
health before an
accident occurs.

32
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

33
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

Direct 34

Employees
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

By 35

Standers
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
Kentex Factory Fire – May 13, 2015 (72)

36
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
HTI - PEZA Fire

37

Feb. 1-3, 2017

(5)
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
NCCC Mall Fire – Dec. 23, 2017 (39)

38
EFFECTIVITY
Signed : 06 December 2018

Published : 09 January 2019

•  Effective : 25 January 2019

Section 14. SAFETY OFFICER
In the implementation of OSH program,
safety officers shall be employed or
designated with the following duties and
responsibilities:
Ø  Oversee the overall management of the OSH program in coordination
with the OSH committee;
Ø  Frequently monitor and inspect any health or safety aspect of the
operation
Ø  Assist government inspectors in the conduct of safety and health
inspection at any time whenever work is being performed
Ø  Issue Work Stoppage Order (WSO) when necessary based on the
requirements and procedures provided by the OSH standards
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

44
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

45
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

CONSTRUCTION 46
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
ENVIRONMENT MACHINE SYNERGY OF
MAN MACHINE
METHOD AND
ENVIRONMENT
IN A 47
MAN
CONSTRUCTION
WORKPLACE

MAN AT THE
METHOD CENTER
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

48
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

SAFETY
•  Freedom from accident. 49

•  Is the control of accidental loss.

FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
•  The promotion and maintenance of the highest 50

degree of physical, mental and social well-being

of workers in all occupations by preventing
departures from health, controlling risks and the
adaptation of work to people, and people to their
jobs. (ILO / WHO 1950)
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

INCIDENT
•  An undesired event (Unexpected.Unplanned Unwanted) 51

which under slightly different circumstances,

COULD HAVE RESULTED TO harm to people,
damage to property, or loss to process.
•  An undesired event which could or does
result in a loss.
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

NEAR MISS
•  An event that is: 52

Unexpected.Unplanned.Unwanted that did not

result in injury or damage (but could have). Also known
as a “Near Hit”, “Close Call” or “Dangerous
Occurrence”
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

NEAR MISS
53
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

ACCIDENT
•  An event that is: 54

Unexpected.Unplanned.Unwanted
that resulted in HARM to people, causes
damage or loss to properties
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

ACCIDENT
55
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
PRIMARY REASONS
UNSAFE/ UNSAFE/
HAZARD UNHEALTHY UNHEALTHY
CONDITION
ACT
•  A condition or practice with the 56

potential for accidental loss.

v Unsafe/Unhealthy Condition
ACCIDENT/
v Unsafe/Unhealthy Act
v Act of Omission ILLNESS
v Act of Commission
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
Unsafe/Unhealthy Act

A violation of an
accepted safe
57
“standard” which could
permit the occurrence of
an accident. Man’s
violation to Standard
Operating Procedures
(SOP)
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
Unsafe/Unhealthy Act

58
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
Unsafe/Unhealthy
Condition

A hazardous 59

physical condition
or circumstance
which could permit
the occurrence of
an accident.
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
Unsafe/Unhealthy
Condition

60
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
EFFECTS
UNSAFE/ UNSAFE/
UNHEALTHY UNHEALTHY
CONDITION
ACT
61

ACCIDENT/ ILLNESS/
DEATH/ DAMAGE TO
PROPERTIES
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
EFFECTS
UNSAFE/ UNSAFE/
UNHEALTHY UNHEALTHY
CONDITION
ACT
62

ACCIDENT/ ILLNESS/
DEATH/ DAMAGE TO
PROPERTIES
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
EFFECTS

63
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
PREVENTION

64
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
PREVENTION

65
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
PREVENTION

66

Two new concepts:

§ Influence of management of
managerial error.
§ Loss as a result of accident,
production loss, property damage or
wastage of asset.
(Bird and Lotus)
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
3 STEPS IN CONTROL

1.  Identify or Recognize Hazard Identification

67

2.  Evaluate or Assess Risk Assessment

3.  Correct or Control Control

FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
IDENTIFY (Maghanap)
Health Prolonged
Hazards Exposure
Seen / felt over time
68

SAFETY LACK OF
HAZARDS CONTROL
Immediate Effect
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
EVALUATE/ASSESS(Magtasa)

69
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH
CONTROL/CORRECT(Maglapat)

70
FUNDAMENTAL OF OSH

“The first duty of business

is to survive, and the
guiding principle of
business economics is not 71

the maximization of profit it

is the avoidance of loss.”
- Peter Drucker
MODULE 1: SUMMARY
•  Every workplace has different
hazards, risk, and level of
exposures. Tailor fit your OSH
response.
72

•  Safety officers play a key role

in the overall management of
programs in their companies.
MODULE 1: SUMMARY
•  Accidents and injuries result to
losses of lives, limbs, time and
property. Most accidents at work
could have been prevented.
•  Immediate causes of accidents are 73
unsafe and unhealthy acts and
conditions.
•  Conduct workplace risk
assessment through hazards
identification, assessment and
control or HIRAC.
74