Risk Assessment: An Introduction

Purpose
The purpose of this sample risk assessment tool for helicopter and snowcat skiing companies is to provide a methodology for
identifying occupational health and safety (OHS) hazards and prioritizing risks based on the probability and severity of each
hazards.

Application
The examples provided in this document are only intended to illustrate examples of job tasks, associated hazards, and risk control
measures of a tourism operation. Companies have different operating environments and conditions, so the hazards and risks they
face will differ. Employers must conduct their own hazard identification and risk assessment, taking into consideration factors such
as their operating environments, conditions, and policies and procedures, and assess the potential hazards and risks impacting
the health and safety of personnel involved. Employees assigned to manage the risk assessment program and conduct risk
assessments should be trained in risk assessment methodology and possess the necessary knowledge and experience to identify
potential hazards and risks associated with job tasks.

Resources
Visit www.go2HR.ca for more information, training, resources, and tools related to hazard identification and risk assessment.
Risk Assessment Methodology
How to Conduct a Risk Assessment
1. Identify jobs of each department.
2. Identify the critical tasks of each job that have a potential for injury or illness.
3. Determine the hazards associated with each job task, including severity and probability if controls are not available. Assign a risk score.
4. Determine the existing controls implemented and the resulting risk levels associated with the identified hazards.
5. If the risk is high, the risk is not acceptable, and additional controls must be introduced to reduce the risk to medium or low.
6. If the risk is medium, the risk is acceptable, and additional controls should be considered if practical.

Definitions
›Hazard — a source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of injury, ill health, or a combination of the two
Severity — how serious the result of the incident might be in terms of injury or loss
Probability — how likely the hazard will result in an incident
Risk = Severity x Probability

Risk Assessment Matrix

Probability Ranking Levels
Possible Likely Very Likely
Almost Certain Negligible = 1 (minor first aid treatment, with immediate return to full regular duties)
Minor = 2 (first aid and medical aid, with possible return to work at light or modified duties)
Severity
Severity 1 2 3 4 Serious = 3 (medical treatment and time loss)
Negligible 1 1 2 3 4 Fatality = 4 (death)
Minor 2 2 4 6 8
Serious 3 3 6 9 12

Fatality 4 4 8 12 16
Possible = 1 (chance of happening is almost impossible — for example, 1 in 100 years)
Probability Likely = 2 (chance of happening could be once every few years)
Very likely = 3 (chance of happening is likely in the near future)
Control Measures Almost certain = 4 (the event is expected to occur in most circumstances as a result of its history)
When selecting control measures, use the following hierarchy:
1. Hazard elimination Low risk = 1–3 (level acceptable and to be monitored)
2. Substitution Risk Medium risk = 4 - 8 (the event might occur at some time as there is a history of casual occurrence)
3. Engineering controls High risk = 9–16 (level not acceptable; task must be stopped and reduced to an acceptable level before continuing)
4. Administrative controls
5. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Guiding
Risk Assessment Team:
Job Tasks Potential Hazards
Severity
1 Pre-operation checks Travel to and from Slips, trips, and falls in icy
helicopter pads or snowcat conditions — MSI, lower back
location injury, sprains and strains due
to fall from same elevation.
Working around helicopter Struck by rotor blades or tail
rotor. Rotor downwash and
recirculating debris.
Rotor/ground clearance in
diverse terrain (e.g.,
uneven/sloping/deep snow or
ground).
Heat burns from antenna.
Fuelling Accidental spark, fuel spray, or
environmental spill.
Working around snowcat Hit/struck by moving object.
Strains sprains and fractures
with possibility of a fatality.
2 Loading and unloading Assisting guests in and out Slips, trips, and falls in icy
of helicopter or snowcat or conditions; guests losing
uneven terrain balance while being helped;
and uneven ground and
weight distribution.
Musculoskeletal injuries
(MSIs) such as lower back
injuries could result.
Date:
Initial Risk Residual Risk
Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
Ensure walks and pathways Safety talks have been developed to
are clear of ice and properly train and orientate workers on
3 4 12 obstructions. 3 2 6 slips and falls.
All workers will be properly Refer to safety talk "Working Around
trained and orientated on how Helicopters" to help orientate workers
to conduct themselves when on the do's and don'ts of working
working around helicopters. around helicopters.
4 2 8 4 1 4
They will be trained on proper
entry and exit guidelines,
loading and unloading of ski
baskets, and emergency
prepardeness.
1 1 1 1 1 1
Any guide with the Refer to fuel spill contingency plan
responsibilty of fuelling must and safe work procedure for proper
be properly trained in fuelling.
3 2 6 procedures. If uncertain of 3 1 3
procedures, tell pilot so he or
she can do it.
Written procedures and For training, refer to safety talk
policies must be in place for "Working Around Snowcats."
working around moving
machinery. All staff must
4 2 8 adhere to these policies and 4 1 4
follow safe work procedures at
all times when around
snowcats.
Ensure you have solid footing Refer to safe work procedure
before helping guests in and "Assisting Guests in and out of
out of the equipment, and Snowcat."
make sure guests are using
3 4 12 handrails when entering or 3 2 6
exiting the equipment.
 Picking up items dropped Struck by/potential to be
by guests or workers struck by rotating helicopter
around the helicopter blades.
Getting in and out of Slipping or falling off icy steps
helicopter or snowcat or ladders — causing potential
lower back strain, MSIs to
wrist, shoulders, or elbows.
Loading/unloading MSIs — strains and sprains.
equipment into helicopter or
snowcat baskets
3 Snow science Digging snow pits Working alone, MSIs while
digging, cold exposure, or
avalanches.
Removing snow science MSIs — strains and sprains,
boards lower back strains.
4 Guiding/skiing Skiing Snow surfaces (icy runs, wet
heavy snow), weather
conditions (flying debris),
temperature (cold exposure),
personal conditions,
avalanches, trees, cornices,
crevasses, and encountering
wildlife.
Policy in place states that no
one is to attempt retrieval of
items while helicopter is in
operation. All staff will be
4 3 12 trained to this policy, including 4 2 8
how to properly conduct
themselves when working
around helicopters.
Always use the three-point Refer to safe work procedure "Getting
contact rule when climbing up in/out of Helicopter/Snowcat."
2 3 6 and down equipment, stairs, 2 2 4
and ladders.
Refer to safe work procedure Use safe lifting technique at all times,
for loading/unloading know your physical limits when lifting,
3 3 9 equipment into helicopter and 3 2 6 and get help whenever possible.
snowcat baskets.
Follow written safe work
procedure for digging a snow
3 3 9 pit. 3 2 6
Proper training will be put in
place on how to remove
snowboards. Using proper
2 2 4 2 1 2
lifting and digging techique
helps mitigate risk of injury.
Required to have appropriate Pre-hire skill test and documenting
training and certifications employee ski ability.
(e.g., ACMG and ESGA).
Lead guides check snow and
weather conditions before
3 3 9 permitting first run, start-up 3 2 6
meeting, check equipment
and guests' skill ability, review
helmet policy, warmup
exercise.
 Possible ACL or MCL tears.
Skiing with tools, equipment,
and materials (camera,
glading). Possible MSIs such
as lower back strain, knees
and joints, or strain from
excessive loads.
Flagging Lower back strains from
pulling or planting bamboo
poles.
Assisting fallen guests Lower back strains from
pulling or lifting guests. Other
MSIs from uneven weight
distribution and excessive
force.
Exposure to cold Hypothermia or frost bite.
Incorporate a fit for work
program focusing on proper
health and nutrition. Regular
stretching before work and
cool-down stretching after
work. Focus on ergonomics
and proper technique.
3 3 9 3
Patrol backpack, securing load
(tape up bamboo bundle),
appropriate load for worker
3 3 9 ability — ergonomic
assessment.
A written SWP has been
developed for proper flagging
2 4 8 technique.
A written SWP has been
developed for proper
3 4 12 technique on assisting fallen
guests.
Wear proper gear at all times.
Clothing and equipment
should meet regulatory
4 3 12 requirements for
environmental work
conditions.
MCL — Pre-season quads
conditioning, correct binding
maintenance and release settings,
and performing the self test can all
help to reduce the chances of
collateral ligament injury. Avoiding
wide snowplough stances, which are
unstable. Beginners are advised to
allow a fall to occur rather than
attempting to resist, can lead to more
damage.
ACL — 1. Don't fully straighten your
2 6 legs when you fall. Keep your knees
flexed.
2. Don't try to get up until you've
stopped sliding. When you're down,
stay down.
3. Don't land on your hand. Keep your
arms up and forward.
4. Don't jump unless you know where
and how to land. Land on both skis
and keep your knees flexed.
3 2 6
Follow safe lifting technique when
pulling flags out of the snow.
2 2 4
Safe lifting techniques on mountain.
3 2 6
Supervisors should orientate workers
at the start of each season about the
importance of proper clothing and
4 1 4 gear.
 Fatigue Lacking ability to make proper
decisions both physically and
mentally, putting self and
guests at risk.
Transport guests via Slips and falls from ladders,
snowcat assisting guests in and out of
the snowcat.
5 Landscaping/glading Maintenance of landing MSIs (strains and sprains) and
zones (removing snow) injuries from equipment (saw
or blade).
Bush and small tree Injuries related to the use of
removal on runs tools such as hand saws or
power saws.
6 Avalanche control Handling explosives Uncontrolled explosions.
Heavy packages (25 kg or
more).
Controlled detonation Noise.
Hazard zones.
Workers must be well-rested, Take periodic breaks throughout the
eat a balanced diet, and keep day whenever possible. A fit for work
4 3 12 properly hydrated throughout 4 2 8 program should be developed for all
the day. employees to help mitigate the risk of
fatigue.
Always use the three-point A safe work practices has been
contact rule when climbing up developed on proper technique.
2 2 4 and down equipment, stairs, 2 1 2
and ladders.
Staff will be trained on safe
work procedures and
3 3 9 equipment use. 3 1 3
Staff will be trained on proper
use of equipment and safe
4 3 12 work procedures prior to work. 4 2 8
Avalanche safety plan and
control measures must be
established by a qualified QAP
4 4 16 who meets the requirements 4 1 4
of ACMG and WorkSafeBC.
Training in safe lifting
3 3 9 technique. 3 1 3
Hearing protection — required
PPE must be worn at all
3 2 6 times. Staff should be trained 3 1 3
in proper PPE use.
Avalanche safety plan and
control measures must be
established by a qualified QAP
4 3 12 who meets the requirements 4 2 8
of regulation and established
by ACMG and WorkSafeBC.
 Ski and cornice cutting
Triggering an avalanche. Follow safe work procedures
for ski and cornice cutting at
all times. Avalanche safety
plan and control measures
must be established by a
4 2 8 qualified QAP who meets the 4 1 4
requirements of regulation and
established by ACMG and
WorkSafeBC.

7 Operating vehicles Driving a snowmobile Steep/uneven ground and icy
conditions (roll overs), poor
visibility, improper operation
(emergency brake engaged
during operation causing fire),
4 3
other vehicles (snowcat,
helicopter), and refuelling.
Qualified and authorized
operators only, speed limit
policy, helmet, designated
routes, pre-trip inspection,
regular maintenance, load
12
carrying and tow restrictions,
siren, flag and light, restricted
use for unsafe conditions.
Operation policy on limit of use (e.g.,
operating hours, activities permitting
use of snowmobile as a work tool),
reporting policy on inappropriate use,
annual operator retraining/
4 2 8
orientation/assessment, install
approved ski and equipment rack,
committee to review snowmobile
policy.

Driving a snowmobile with a Steep terrain, heavy loads, Training and skills
toboggan snow conditions, or losing 3 3 9 assessment, authorized staff 3 2 6
control. only, rope assist, tail gunner.

Getting a snowmobile MSIs — strains and sprains Safe work procedures should
unstuck due to excessive force and be developed and workers
weight. 3 2 6 trained on how to properly free 3 1 3
a stuck snowmobile.

8 Helicopter travel Flight crew responsibilities, Air travel — possible fatality. All employees involved as Company should develop training
and emergency procedures flight crew members must program for all employees involved
receive proper training on their with helicopter travel.
roles and responsibilities,
4 2 8 including safety procedures, 4 1 4
before travelling in a helicopter
for the first time.

9 Other duties Walking in ski boots (inside Slips and trips — Lower back Take time, ask for help, Make walking boots available in
buildings and outside strains and other MSIs, identify ski-boot-restricted kitchen areas, restrict ski boots in
environment) contusions. areas, non-slip flooring and loading bays, safe work practices –
3 3 9 stairways, use of handrails. 2 2 4 minimize use of ski boots (for
example, complete loading tasks
before putting on ski boots).

Maintaining health
Low blood sugar, dehydration,
sleep deprivation, or fatigue.
2 3
Incorporate a fit for work
program focusing on proper
health and nutrition. Regular
6 stretching before work, and 2 1 2
cool-down stretching after
work. Focus on ergonomics
and proper technique.
First responder Post-traumatic stress disorder. Incorporate a company policy Refer to safety talk "Post Traumatic
and procedure requiring all Stress Disorder" for more information.
first responders to undergo a
3 2 6 mandatory debriefing session 3 1 3
immediately after a traumatic
incident.

Entertaining guests Violence from intoxicated Develop policies and

guests. procedures for violence in the
2 2 4 workplace, including proper 2 1 2
orientation and staff training.
Base Operations
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 General duties Salting road and parking Chemical burns by ice melt Use pickup truck, leather, or
lots, ice melt 2 1 2 heavy duty rubber gloves 2 1 2

Slips and falls — contusions, Non-slip footwear, awareness

lower back strains, and other 2 3 6 2 2 4
MSIs
Emptying garbage bins Wildlife encounters Call wildlife services
3 1 3 department, make noise, 3 1 3
wildlife awareness training
Needles and other sharps Rubber gloves, tongs, blood Handling guidelines, sharps
3 2 6 and body fluid exposure 3 2 6 containers
control plan
Cleaning and stocking Infection from human waste PPE (gloves and face mask),
washrooms 2 3 6 enzyme spray 2 2 4

Cleaning chemicals SDS, WHMIS, PPE training

2 3 6 2 1 2

2 Massage therapist Client massage
MSIs, such as repetitive Regular rest breaks, sufficient
muscle strain and tendonitis downtime between clients,
vary massage technique, use
3 3 9 other modalities in your 3 2 6
massages

Prolonged standing — lower Wear shoes with proper

back strain, plantar fasciitis, support, have a couple of
knee pain, sore feet pairs of shoes to change into
2 3 6 throughout the day, proper 2 2 4
posture, take regular breaks

3 Snow removal Manual snow Repetitive motion Rest breaks, proper body
clearing/removal 2 3 6 mechanics 2 2 4

Bobcat operation Vehicle and pedestrian hit Operator training, traffic and Operator competency assessment
3 3 9 pedestrian control procedure 3 2 6

Snow plow/sander Road conditions, traffic, Driver's licence, training, pre- Operator competency assessment,
operation rollovers shift inspection, annual guest vehicle tire check at bottom (to
3 3 9 driver's abstract check 3 2 6 minimize road hazards and traffic
accidents)
 Clearing snow from roofs Falls from heights
4 Driving bus or other Operating bus or driving Road conditions, traffic,
vehicle company vehicles distracted driving, incorrect
footwear, other vehicles
(logging trucks), dealing with
leaks, refuelling
Cone off area, follow fall SWP has been developed for this task
protection plan, appropriate
4 2 8 footwear, proper shovelling 4 1 4
practice
Appropriate class of driver's Driver competency assessment
licence, annual driver's
abstract check, tire check and
2 3 6 chain-up policy, driving policy, 2 2 4
not with ski boots, radio
communication
Rentals
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 General services Setting up skis and boards Repetitive lifting — MSIs Training in safe lifting
2 3 6 technique, breaks, workload 2 2 4
sharing
Adjusting bindings Cuts, pinches 2 3 6 Training, awareness 2 2 4
Reaching high racks Falling boots or boards — Proper storage practice, not
contusions 2 3 6 storing equipment above 2 2 4
reachable heights
Trips and falls — MSIs such Grip tape on hazardous areas,
as lower back strains frequent removal of snow, and
2 2 4 salt hazardous areas such as 2 2 4
front entrance

2 Equipment Operating base grinder and Contact with moving parts Training, authorized staff
2 3 6 3 2 6
maintenance wax machines permitted to use equipment
Heavy lifting — grinder water Training in safe lifting
reservoir 2 3 6 technique 2 2 4

Noise Hearing protection

2 2 4 1 1 1

Chemical exposure (boot SDS, hand and eye

cleaner, graffiti remover) 2 2 4 protection, ventilation 2 2 4

Cuts and eye injuries from Eye protection

2 2 4 2 2 4
metal shards
Labelling equipment Aerosol exposure 2 3 6 Ventilation 1 2 2
Waxing Hot wax contact 2 3 6 Safe work procedure 1 2 2
Base repair Burns from P-tex candles Gloves, training
2 3 6 2 2 4
Snow School
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 Basic lessons Delivering lessons Lifting clients — MSIs Safe lifting technique, teach Ensure training checklist is used and
2 4 8 students how to get up on 2 3 6 signed off
their own
Collisions with other skiers Training and awareness (stop
(instructor being hit) 3 3 9 area and run selection) 3 2 6

Difficult customers Training on customer handling

2 2 4 2 1 2
policy, get help
Unsafe equipment Get replacement equipment Add equipment inspection
from supervisor, alpine responsibility in safety manual
2 3 6 responsibility code, check 2 2 4
equipment
Fatigue Encourage instructors to keep Instructor fitness assessment program
2 4 8 fit (ski fit program before 2 3 6
season)
Walking in ski boots Worn-out boots, slips, falls, Boot inspection, cat track,
fatigue 2 4 8 non-slip flooring, boot 2 2 4
selection guidelines
Carrying equipment MSI Get help, only carry to
2 3 6 2 2 4
personal capability
2 Intermediate and Demonstrating Advanced terrain difficulties Terrain selection guidelines,
advanced lessons techniques park-certified instructors,
3 3 9 match instructor qualification 2 2 4
to lessons
Road Building and Maintenance
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 Winch cat Operating winch cat Collision (personal injury and Operator training and skills Define minimum qualifications (e.g.,
property damage) 3 3 9 assessment, ensure work area 2 2 4 driver's licence, experience),
is clear document competency assessment

Placing and removing Slips, trips, and falls Three-point contact, Yaktrax — footwear
signage (getting in and out 2 3 6 appropriate footwear 2 2 4
of cat)

Hooking up cat to winch Cable break, runaway cat, Inspect anchor points, driver Verify anchor point certification
anchor other people crossing cable, facing away from anchor, radio requirements, ensure training
anchor break-off going dispatch before operation, documented
through, cable blurs tension test, operate to the
3 2 6 snow condition, no winching off 3 2 6
trees, gloves, de-tension cable
before release

2 General operation Clearing the tiller Hands and clothing getting Perform the task in shop with
and maintenance caught 3 3 9 tiller slinged up, machine 2 1 2
lockout (stop and keep key)
Operating the cat Rolling or flipping machine Operate to the snow condition,
2 3 6 2 2 4
use seat belt
Skiers on slope Restricted hours of operation,
check area is clear before
3 3 9 operating, awareness, using 3 1 3
horn to indicate movement

Tree branch through Awareness of surroundings

3 2 6 2 1 2
windshield
MSIs from prolonged Ergonomically designed seats,
operation 2 3 6 change operating work pattern 2 2 4

Fuel spill 2 2 4 Fuel pump auto stop, spill kit 2 1 2

Noise 2 2 4 Hearing protection 2 1 2
Adjusting and greasing Inadvertent start-up Two-person job, remove key —
machine tracks 3 2 6 person doing the job keeps the 3 1 3
key
Equipment Maintenance
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 General shop Vehicle maintenance Chemicals — chemical burns, WHMIS, SDS, PPE training
activities splashes in eyes, 2 3 6 2 2 4

Slips on floor — lower back Housekeeping

strains, contusions 2 3 6 2 2 4

Slips off cat, tracks — lower back Training provided on proper

strain, fractures, contusions 3 3 9 ladder use 3 2 6

Vehicle/cat slip off jack Procedure for proper jack and

3 3 9 block placement, jacks rated 3 2 6
for the vehicle/cat
Blade dropping Hook up to chain block, safety
3 2 6 boots 2 2 4

Fuel leak — inhalation of gases, Room must be properly

respiratory discomfort 2 4 8 ventilated, spill clean-up 2 2 4
station to be provided

Oily rags Fireproofed receptacles, fire

2 3 6 extinguishers 1 2 2

Heavy lifting Safe lifting technique, use

3 3 9 mechanical device (hoist), get 2 2 4
help

Dumping scrap metals Cuts, flying debris 1 3 3 Gloves, safety glasses 1 2 2

2 Use of tools and Grinder Disc explosion Appropriate rated disc,
equipment 3 3 9 machine guard, pre-use 3 2 6
inspection
Welding (gas and arc) Fire Flashback arrestors, fire
3 3 9 extinguishers 3 2 6

Burns, welding fumes, arc flash Face mask, protective

clothing, annual fit test, shield
2 4 8 for welding area, shop 2 2 4
exhaust ventilation
Electric shocks Don't work in the rain,
3 3 9 insulated gloves 3 2 6

Bearing press Overpressure (bearing explosion) Trained and authorized users Add guarding
3 3 9 only 3 2 6
Plumbing
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 Servicing gas Gas fitting Burns, fire, explosions Ticketed gas fitter, gas shut-
equipment 4 2 8 off/disconnect procedure, work 4 1 4
contracted out

Propane tank filling Fire, explosions Ticketed personnel only for

4 2 8 filling propane 4 1 4

2 Sewage system Sump inspection Confined space entry, cross- Confined space entry permit Ensure shots are up-to-date
maintenance contamination, exposure to and procedures, immunization,
raw sewage, diseases awareness of cross-
contamination, tool cleaning
3 3 9 procedures, separate work 3 1 3
clothing from home or other
work clothing, work contracted
out to certified company

Exposure to sewage gas Gas testing, ventilation, work

4 3 12 contracted out to certified 4 1 4
company

3 Water pipe work Soldering Burns, fire, fumes Ventilation for

confined/restricted areas,
2 4 8 positioning below fume, PPE 2 2 4
(glasses, gloves, clothing), fire
extinguishers, hot work permit

Glues (PVC, ABS) Chemical exposure 2 2 4 SDS, WHMIS, PPE 2 1 2

4 Water treatment Adding chemicals Chemical exposure SDS, WHMIS, PPE (gloves,
(chlorine and aluminex) 2 3 6 safety glasses), auto-feed pump 2 2 4

5 Plumbing Drain clearing Toxic gases, organic waste, SDS, gloves, safety glasses,
repetitive strain and other 2 2 4 mechanical snake, respirator 2 2 4
MSIs mask
6 Sewage drainage Sewage pump Confined space entry Contract work to a trained and
4 2 8 certified company 4 1 4

Maintaining float control Contact with raw sewage Contract work to a trained and
for pumps 2 3 6 certified company 2 1 2
7 Pipe maintenance Pipe insulation repair, Prolonged asbestos Asbestos pipe marked, work All work pertaining to asbestos
leakage repair exposure 3 2 6 contracted out to certified 3 1 3 removal must be contracted to a
company trained and certified company
Hot water or steam — Isolation procedure (valve shut Verify existence of shut-down
severe burns 3 3 9 down) 3 1 3 procedure (lockout/tag out)
Carpentry
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk `

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 Renovation, Preparing materials, MSIs, cuts and slivers, slips Gloves, dollies, clear
constructing new manual material handling and falls pathways, safe lifting
building 2 3 6 technique, material handling 2 2 4
equipment (zoom booms,
cranes, snowcat)
Working at heights Floor openings, falls from Harnesses, WorkSafeBC Ensure training is documented
(scaffolding, ladders), JLG heights (e.g., roof, scaffold, guidelines, ladder safety
ladder) practice, fall protection plan
3 3 9 and fall arrest equipment, 3 2 6
roping off and marking floor
openings, fall protection
training courses

Cutting materials — using Using tools improperly, unsafe Pre-use inspection (guards,
tools (e.g., circular or table tools, cuts anti-kickback, electrical),
saws, air tools, pneumatic) 2 3 6 training, push sticks for table 2 2 4
saws, tagging out unsafe tools
or equipment
Demolition/assembling Unstable structures, dust and Temporary supports
moulds, sharps 3 3 9 (bracing/hoarding), PPE 2 2 4
(masks, gloves)
Powder-actuated tools Uncontrolled Restrict use to qualified
(Hilti gun) activation/explosion, noise, workers with certificates,
eye injury 3 2 6 hearing protection, eye 2 1 2
protection
Finishing Use of chemicals (stains, Spills, contact with chemicals WHMIS, SDS, spill kit, PPE
paints, solvents) 2 4 8 (gloves, masks), exhaust fans 2 2 4
in shop, disposal procedure
Certain paints attracting Awareness
wildlife (e.g., bears) 2 1 2 2 1 2

Wildlife encounters Wildlife encounter training,

working in pairs, making
3 3 9 noise, bear deterrent 3 2 6
(banger/horn/spray)
2 Restricted space Entering crawl spaces Head injuries, dust Working in pairs, checking
entry procedure with dispatch/
2 3 6 supervisor, radios, PPE (hard 2 2 4
hats, face masks, gloves)
3 General carpentry Chop saws Cuts, possible Guards should always be in Training, safety rules, and instructions
dismemberment place, proper training required 3 2 6
on all equipment
3 3 9
Table saws Guards should always be in
place, proper training required 3 1 3
on all equipment
General Maintenance
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 Rooftop maintenance Replacing roof lighting, Fall from heights — fractures, Tie off using engineered
clearing snow, roof leaks concussions, fatalities anchor points, use fall
4 2 8 protection plan (full body 4 1 4
harness)
Electrocution — fatalities from Electrical lockout/tag out,
current, falling from roof individual lock and tag, written
4 2 8 procedure, use fall protection 4 1 4
plan
Falling objects Block off ground area —
cordon off public areas to
3 2 6 create safe zones, stanchion, 3 1 3
warning tape, spotter

2 Hot water tank Cleaning hot water tanks Confined space entry Employees must never enter
maintenance and confined spaces, all confined
ventilation space work to be contracted
4 2 8 to a professionally-trained 4 1 4
company specializing in
confined space work

Burns from heating parts 2 2 4 Lock out pump and valve 2 1 2

Changing air filters Dust Face mask — dust and half
2 1 2 masks 2 1 2

Contact with moving parts Electrical lockout/tag out,

2 3 6 2 2 4
(motor running, fan unit) individual lock and tag, written
Pressurization — blowing wind procedure
2 2 4 1 1 1
and dust
Noise Hearing protection, shut down
2 3 6 1 1 1
fan
3 Generator Periodic testing of Noise 2 3 6 Hearing protection 2 2 4 Noise hazard signage
maintenance generator
Fuel leakage — slips and falls General awareness, wet floor
1 1 1 signs, chemical absorbant 1 1 1

Outside generator — rat and Half mask respirators (canister

mice droppings 3 3 9 type) with HEPA filters (pink) 3 1 3

4 Cooling tower Water testing Falls from height Access ladder with safety
3 3 9 cage 3 2 6
4 Cooling tower Water testing

Eye injuries from splashes Gloves and eye protection,

2 2 4 face shield 2 1 2

Fan belt replacement Contact with electricity, Safety harness — tie off to
contact with moving parts, falls ladder, lockout/tag out
from height working on top of 4 3 12 procedure 4 2 8
unit without guardrail
Tools falling from height Tool bag
2 2 4 2 2 4

5 Pool or hot tub Pump room maintenance, Handling chemicals (solid — Apron, gloves, face shield, Operator has been trained in B.C.
maintenance handing chemicals calcium chloride/sodium double canister face mask, pool safety
bicarbonate — chloride/liquid- 3 2 6 eyewash station in each pump 2 2 4
muriatic acid/chlorine) room, WHMIS training

6 Boiler room walk- Checking tanks, chiller Noise PPE — ear protection made
through units, air pressure, 2 2 4 available to employees as 2 1 2
condensation pump required

Gas leakage from chiller unit Sensors and warning lights Check whether there is audible
4 3 12 4 2 8 alarm, check SDS for specific
chemical hazards
Fix pipe leaks on small Burns from gas torch or pipe Shut-off procedure, PPE
lines contents 2 3 6 2 2 4

Changing supply line Slips because of oil leakage Spill kits and signage should
2 2 4 be available in the shop as 2 1 2
required

Changing parts (pump and MSI — lifting parts, contact Lock out motor and valves,
pump motor, valves, PRV, with moving motor, falls from ladder, get help for two-person
compressor oil and belt), height jobs
3 3 9 3 2 6
cleaning condensing pump
screen

Cleaning tanks Confined space entry Employees must never enter

confined spaces, all confined
space work to be contracted
4 3 12 to a professionally-trained 4 1 4
company specializing in
confined space work

7 Coolers and fridges Cleaning AC coil Tetrafluoroethane, also known All refrigerant work should be
as hydro-fluorocarbon type contracted out to
134a 2 3 6 professionally trained 2 1 2
companies
8 Appliance repairs Servicing kitchen Contact with electricity, Electrical isolation, PPE
appliances contact with hot surface, 4 3 12 4 2 8
contact with moving parts
Housekeeping
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 Room attendant Cleaning room Skin and eye injuries — Gloves, mask, SDS, WHMIS,
chemical hazards 2 3 6 proper labels, training on use 2 1 2

Slips — high reaching in Extension tools, stools, training,

bathrooms, wet floors 3 3 9 non-slip shoes through HR 2 2 4

MSIs — lifting heavy beds, Training, reminder posted,

bending — back injuries safety information at monthly
3 3 9 meeting, regular supervisor 3 2 6
check-up
Bloodborne pathogens Sharps disposal box for guests, Check room guest information folder
(needles/blood-stained items), procedure for pick-up from
broken glasses guest, training, written
3 2 6 procedures for bloodborne 3 1 3
pathogens, house person
trained to handle blood items
and sharps

Hitting objects — awareness, Training, reminder posted,

rushing safety information at monthly
2 3 6 meeting, regular supervisor 2 2 4
check-up

Personal safety — hazardous Keep door open, right to come Provide whistles
guest in room back when guest away, get
another person to work
together, inform manager,
3 2 6 3 1 3
training on personal safety,
parking cart in front of door,
safe practices, refusal to work

Vacuuming MSIs — using equipment Back safety training, supervisor

(vacuum, housekeeping cart) and room attendant check, cart
2 3 6 maintenance, not to overstock, 2 2 4
vacuum training, worker
evaluation checklist

Removing garbage, MSIs — back injuries, slips Follow safe lifting technique Training, reminder posted, safety
washing, cleaning rooms information at monthly meeting,
3 3 9 3 2 6
regular supervisor check-up
Putting away supplies
Cleaning carpets Chemical cleaners
MSIs — handling equipment
(vacuum, polisher, carpet
cleaner)
Cleaning windows Chemicals
Exterior window MSIs from reaching, falling
from heights when reaching
outside window, losing
balance when reaching
Pushing big bins full of MSIs — back injuries,
laundry straining from reaching
Operating washers and Closing doors — catching
dryers (chemical auto fingers
loading — external
contractor) Hot laundry room in summer
Deliveries to guest rooms Bodily injury — workplace
violence
Gloves, training, SDS, WHMIS
2 1 2 2 1 2
Training, non-slip shoes,
3 2 6 engineering department 3 1 3
services equipment
2 1 2 WHMIS, SDS, PPE, training 2 1 2
High railing, training, external High railing — check height
company for outside windows,
3 2 6 ladder, long pole 3 1 3
Extra help when busy, sturdy
bins, delivery carts, training
3 2 6 (lifting), use service elevator, 3 1 3
slow moving, stock to level to
individual comfort
General awareness, training
2 3 6 2 2 4
Short-sleeve uniform, water
1 1 1 fountain 1 1 1
Policy and procedure for
entering an occupied guest
room will be developed; for the
safety of guest and worker, the
3 2 6 room attendant will not clean a 3 1 3
room while occupied, unless at
least two workers are in the
room at all times
Restaurants & Outlets
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk `

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
Dining room
1 Hostess Seating guests Hostile customers — workplace Staff training on violence in
violence, bullying and 1 1 1 the workplace and bullying 1 1 1
harassment and harassment

Moving furniture (putting MSIs such as lower back Staff training on safe lifting
tables together for large strains, fingers or hands caught technique, whenever possible
parties) in between objects (pinches) 2 2 4 use dollies or carts to transfer 2 1 2
heavy furniture
2 Server Customer service Drunk or irate guests Staff training on violence in
1 1 1 the workplace and bullying 1 1 1
and harassment

Busing Shoulder and back injuries —
heavy trays, under-staffed
(variance from forecasts of
guest numbers)
Slip and fall injuries — MSIs
such as back strain and injuries
to the elbows, pelvis, shoulders
Limit load on tray, use dish Adequate staffing relating to guest
cart numbers, consider using cart for
3 3 9 3 2 6 removing dirty dishes
Clean up spills immediately,
3 3 9 non-slip shoes, wet floor signs 3 2 6

Preparing hot drinks Burns Keep mug on counter when Check water temperature standard,
2 3 6 filling with hot water, use 2 1 2 larger and redesign of kitchen server
server tray when transporting area to spread out tea and coffee area

Setting up MSIs — carrying heavy ice Use cart, get help when lifting
buckets 3 3 9 heavy furniture 2 2 4

Serving food Hot plates Use server cloth or tray when

2 2 4 transporting hot plates 2 1 2

Cleaning tables MSIs — using both hands Limit load to personal

separately for heavy loads, 3 3 9 capability, use trays to clear, 2 2 4
repetitive injuries use a cart
Cuts — broken glass or bottle Sweep broken glass off table
and onto server tray, discard
2 2 4 in designated glass bin 2 1 2

Taking food from kitchen Slips — wet and greasy floor Awareness of surroundings,
3 3 9 3 2 6
non-slip shoes
Hot plates 2 3 6 Use cloth 2 2 4
 Major weekly restock food MSIs (back injuries) — lifting Safe lifting technique, get help
items in back area/bar/ heavy boxes or items for heavy items
kitchen area (20-30 boxes) 3 3 9 2 2 4

General duties Slips and falls Servers should wear non-slip

shoes while working,
employers must supply
adequate wet floor signs, spill
3 3 9 stations for immediate clean- 3 1 3
up, workers trained on general
housekeeping rules in the
workplace

Bar / Lounge
3 Bartender General duties Cracking glasses while Make sure wine glasses have
polishing cooled down sufficiently
2 1 2 before polishing; hot glasses 2 1 2
are more likely to break

Making garnishes — cuts Make sure knife is properly

sharpened, use safe cutting
2 2 4 technique, employer should 2 1 2
train staff on proper knife
handling skills
Serving customers Slips and fall from liquid on floor Non-slip bar mats, non-slip
— contusions, MSIs such as shoes, anti-fatigue mats
lower back strain, and other soft
2 3 6 2 1 2
tissue injuries (knees, elbows,
shoulder)

Violence in the workplace — Employer should have policies

drunk or disorderly guests and procedures to deal with
2 2 4 drunk or irate guests, workers 2 1 2
should be trained on these
policies and procedures

Burns — hot plates Use hot mits or dry cloth to

2 2 4 grab onto plates, use server 2 1 2
trays to transport hot items

Soup serving station Burns — hot soup Servers must be trained on

food handling — place soup
3 3 9 bowl on counter while filling 3 1 3
then place on server tray to
transport
Deep fryer Burns — splashing hot oil All workers should be trained
on the use of equipment, safe
2 2 4 work procedures should be 2 1 2
developed for operating the
deep fryer
Kitchen
Risk Assessment Team:
Tasks Potential Hazards
Severity
1 Using knives Cuts due to inadequate knife
skills, improper knife for job,
dull blade, or distraction
General duties Slips and falls — MSIs such
as lower back strain,
contusions
Transporting food Back injuries — lifting heavy
items, overloading cart or
trolley
Hitting others on route
General duties Burns (hot stove, oven)
Fatigue — long periods of
standing, about 4 hours
Cuts
Date:
Initial Risk Residual Risk `
Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
Workers should be trained on Check knife storage procedure or
proper knife handling skills and system.
3 3 9 maintenance before working 3 2 6
with knives.
Workers should wear non-slip
shoes and be trained on the
importance of general
housekeeping and clean-up of
2 2 4 2 1 2
their areas. Fatigue and anti-slip
mats should be made available
in their work areas.
Always push, not pull, the Safe lifting technique training.
trolley. Use safe lifting technique
3 2 6 when transferring heavy items. 3 2 6
Always be aware of your
surroundings.
Kitchen warning protocol: say Workers should always be aware of
"behind." their surroundings and have open
1 1 1 1 1 1 communication with co-workers.
Use dry cloth or oven mitts.
When reaching into stoves
2 2 4 workers should be provided with 2 1 2
full-length oven mitts.
Employers should supply fatigue
mats in stations where the
workers are required to stand
2 2 4 for long periods. Take regular 2 1 2
breaks, ergonomic training.
2 3 6 2 2 4
Training, properly assembled
Deep fryer Burns from improper
equipment use
Steam kettle/stock pot Small kettle (8 L) with tilting
handle — burns from
splashing hot liquid
Large kettle with valve at the
bottom, no actual moving of
kettle — burns by draining hot
liquid
Tilting skillet Burn by splashing hot liquid
Robot coupe Hand injuries — sharp blades
Eye injuries — hard object
bounces back
Eye injuries — exploding from
top opening when blending hot
items
Rationale oven Burn from steam or heat blast
when opening door
Buffalo chopper Cuts — fingers or hands when
scraping the side, reaching in
too far
Immersion blender Eye injuries — splashing
contents, not immersed deep
enough
Dropping — unattended
running
Cuts when cleaning
Employers must provide training
on all equipment before use.
Safe work procedures for
2 3 6 operating, filling and emptying 2 1 2
must be provided to the worker
before use.
Stand to the side when pouring. Training on safe work procedures
3 2 6 Floor is safe. Slow, steady must be given to all employees before
pouring. Don't overfill container. using equipment.
Keep hand on handle. 2 2 4
2 1 2
Manual crank handle — Training on safe work procedures
graduate. Stand to side when must be given to all employees before
3 3 9 pouring. Slow, steady pouring. 3 2 6 using equipment.
Don't overfill container.
Won't work without the lid on, Training on safe work procedures
on-off switch. must be given to all employees prior to
equipment use.
Common sense as to what can
3 2 6 3 1 3
be grinded.
Keep ventilated.
Open in two stages — first Training on safe work procedures
stage to let steam out, watch must be given to all employees before
3 3 9 out for others nearby, stand to 3 2 6 using equipment.
the side.
Cover on to work, use spatula, Training on safe work procedures
3 2 6 unplug before cleaning. 3 1 3 must be given to all employees prior to
equipment use.
Always wear required PPE. Training on safe work procedures
Train on use. 2 1 2 must be given to all employees before
using equipment.
2 3 6 Always wear required PPE.
2 1 2
Train on use.
Unplug before cleaning. 2 1 2
Band saw Cuts Restrict to specific users (chef, Goggles or safety glasses
sous chef) only. Training on all
equipment must be provided to
4 2 8 the workers before use. Safe 4 1 4
work procedures must be made
available on all equipment.

French flat top Burns (white hot) — placing
hand on hot surface while
leaning to reach shelf
3 3
Hot front edge — burns
Training on safe use of Remove shelf and storage items
equipment and safe work
procedures must be provided to
9 all workers. 3 1 3
Workers must be trained on
hazards in their workplace.

Convection steamer Steam burns when door opens Training on safe work
procedures must be given to all
2 3 6 employees before equipment 2 1
use.
Hobart mixer Hair or clothing get caught Cage, guard, must be closed
2 2 6 while operating. 2 2
Meat slicer Cuts while operating and Machine guard must be in place
cleaning at all times while in operation.
When cleaning, machine must
be turned off and unplugged.
3 3 9 3 1 3
Written safe work procedures
must describe proper care and
maintenance of equipment.
Use proper PPE for equipment (e.g.,
oven mitts)
2
Training on safe work procedures
4 must be given to all employees before
using equipment.
Training on safe work procedures
must be given to all employees before
using equipment.
Dishwasher
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 Dish and pot/pan Operating dishwashing Cuts from broken dishes or Front of house staff must be
washing machine — sorting and glasses trained not to discard broken
loading dirty dishes, 2 2 4 glass in the dish bins. 2 1 2
picking up clean ones Dishwashers should be aware of
their surroundings at all times.

General duties Slips and falls — MSIs such as SDS, WHMIS training, gloves.
lower back strain, contusions 2 2 4 2 1 2

General duties Cleaning oven, stove, Working with chemicals Goggles, gloves, SDS, WHMIS
and counter 3 3 9 training. 3 2 6

Mopping floors Slips and falls — MSIs such as
lower back strain or repetitive
strain, contusions
Employees should be trained on
technique to avoid muscle strain
2 3 6 injuries and should be wearing 2 1 2
proper PPE as required by the
SDS label.

Emptying garbage Excessive weight — MSIs such Staff must be trained in safe
as lower back strain, elbow, lifting technique. Policy must be
and shoulder strain put in place regarding when the
can should be emptied (3/4 full).
Use engineering controls such as
3 3 9 dollies or wheels to transport 3 1 3
heavy cans. Anything over 40 lb.
must be a two-person procedure
for lifting.
Administration
Risk Assessment Team: Date:

Initial Risk Residual Risk

Job Tasks Potential Hazards Existing Control Measures Proposed Additional Controls
Severity Probability Risk Severity Probability Risk
1 Front desk/office Operating computer Fatigue and lower back strain Adjust workstation to suit Ergonomic assessment of
workstation from improper workstation setup 2 3 6 individual. Provide ergonomic 2 2 4 computer stations
training to all staff.

Computer work Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Provide ergonomically designed

3 2 6 keyboard, take regular rest 3 1 3
breaks from typing.

Lifting heavy boxes MSIs such as lower back strain Training and use of safe lifting
2 2 4 technique at all times. 2 1 2