NVBDCP

(National Vector Borne Disease

Control Programme)
Introduction
Launched in the year 2003-04. since 2005 part of NHM

Major vector-borne diseases:

•Malaria- Anopheles
•Filaria-Culex
•Japanese Encephalitis-Culex
•Dengue / Dengue Hemorrhagic fevers- Aedes
•Chikungunya-Aedes
•Kala-azar- Sandflies
Mission statement

• Integrated accelerated action towards

• Reducing mortality on account of Malaria, Dengue, and JE by half.

• Elimination of Kala-azar by 2010
• Elimination of lymphatic filariasis by the year 2015.

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 Strategies
• Early diagnosis, prompt and complete treatment

• Integrated vector management including promotion of

personal protective measures and biological measures

• BCC, capacity building through integrated training at all

tiers of health care delivery system

• Monitoring and evaluation

• Partnership with other national health programs
• Partnership with non-health departments
• Partnership with NGOs, Corporate sector
• PHCs, CHCs
• Equipped to manage pf malaria
• Lab surveillance enhanced
• Training of health workers
• Environment Management
• Proper drainage and sanitation
 Malaria

• National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India (2016-30)

• Malaria elimination (WHO, 2017): Interruption of local transmission

(reduction to zero incidence of indigenous cases) of specified malaria
parasites in a defined geographical area.

• Vision: Eliminate Malaria nationally and contribute to improved health,

quality of life, and alleviation of poverty.
• Goals:
1. Eliminate malaria throughout the country by 2030
2. Maintain malaria-free status in areas where malaria transmission has
been interrupted and prevent re-introduction of malaria.
National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India (2016-30)

• Objectives
• Eliminate malaria from all 26 low (category one) and moderate (category 2)
transmissions in states/union territories by 2022.
• Reduce the incidence of malaria to <1 case per 1000 population per year in all the
states/UT and their districts by 2024.
• Interrupt indigenous transmission of malaria throughout the country, including high
transmission states and UT (category 3) by 2027.
• Prevent the re-establishment of local transmission in areas where it has been
eliminated and maintain national malaria-free status by 2030 and beyond.
Key interventions
1. Category 3 (Intensified control phase)
2. Category 2 (pre-elimination phase)
3. Category 1 (Elimination phase)
4. Category 0 (Prevention of re-establishment phase)

Classification of Districts
Classification of Districts Definitions Number (%)

Category 0: Prevention of re- Districts without local transmission and reporting no 75 (11.0)
establishment phase cases for last 3 years.
Category 1: Elimination phase Districts having API <1 per 1000 population 448 (66.1)

Category 2: Pre-elimination phase API >1 but <2/1000 population 48 (7.1)

Category 3: Intensified control Districts with API>2/1000 population 107 (15.8)

phase.
 National Strategic Plan 2017-2022 (Malaria)

• Vision: aligning with the national framework for malaria elimination, the
NSP 2017–22 focuses on strategic policy is to provide a universal
intervention package, paving the way for material elimination by 2030.
• Goal
1. Eliminate malaria by 2022 in all the districts of 22 states/UT of existing
categories 1 & 2 and in districts having API< 1 of category 3 states.
2. All remaining districts (having API> 2), to be brought into elimination in
three limitation phases.
3. Maintain malaria-free status in areas where malaria transmission have
been interrupted and prevent re-introduction of malaria by
strengthening surveillance.
 Strategic action plan for malaria control in
India (2012-2017)
• The objective is reduction in the burden of malaria in the near
and mid-term, and the elimination of malaria in the long-term

• Objective
• To achieve APl < 1 per lOOO population by the end of 2017.
The national goals for strategic plan are
• Screening all fever cases suspected for malaria (60%)
through quality microscopy and 40% by rapid diagnostic test

• Treating all P. falciparum cases with full course of effective

ACT and primaquine, and all P. vivax cases with 3 days
chloroquine and 14 days primaquine

• Equipping all health institutions (PHC level and above),

especially in high-risk areas, with microscopy facility and RDT
for emergency use and injectable artemisinin derivatives

• Strengthening all district and sub-district hospitals in malaria

endemic areas as per IPHS with facilities for management of
severe malaria cases
 Parameters of malaria surveillance
• By definition, surveillance also implies the continuing scrutiny of all aspects
of occurrence and spread of a disease, that are pertinent to effective
control. Included in these are the systematic collection and evaluation of
field investigations, etc. The following parameters are widely used in the
epidemiological surveillance of malaria :

• (a) Annual parasite incidence (API);

• (b) Annual blood examination rate (ABER);
• (c) Annual falciparum incidence (AFI);
• (d) Slide positivity rate (SPR); and
• (e) Slide falciparum rate (SFR).
• Annual Parasite Incidence:
API = Confirmed cases during 1 year x 1000
Population under surveillance

• Annual Blood Examination Rate:

ABER = No. of slides examined in a year x 100
Population

• Annual falciparum incidence

• Slide positivity rate
• Slide falciparum rate
• Pf %
 Filaria
• Elimination of LF: cessation of LF as a public health problem when the
number of micro-filaria carriers in the community is <1, & children borne after
initiation of elimination of LF are free from circulating antigenemia (adult
filarial worm in the body.)

• Detection and treatment of the patients with anti-filaria drug

• Anti larval work

• National Health Policy (2002) aims to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (ELF) by

2015
• MDA (Diethyl-Carbamazine citrate) @6 mg/kg +albendazole in endemic areas
for 5 years
• Microfilaria survey by trained technicians (especially for collection of blood in
the night and its examination) before MDA in sentinel and random sites in
each district
• Hydrocele operations for the relief of the patients
• Training on home-based care for morbidity management
 Kala-azar

• Enhanced case detection and complete treatment including

the introduction of PK39 rapid diagnostic kits and oral drug
Miltefosine for treatment of Kala-azar cases

• Interruption of transmission through vector control

• Communication for behavioral impact and inter-sectoral

convergence

• Capacity building

• Monitoring, supervision, and evaluation

Japanese Encephalitis
• strengthening of the surveillance activities through sentinel
sites in tertiary health care institutions

• early diagnosis and proper case management

• integrated vector control, particularly personal protection

and use of larvivorous fishes

• capacity building and behaviour change communication

 Dengue
• Surveillance: Disease and entomological surveillance

• Case management : Laboratory diagnosis and clinical

management

• Vector management : Environmental management for source

reduction, chemical control, personal protection and legislation

• Outbreak response : Epidemic preparedness and media

management

• Capacity building : Training, strengthening human resource and

operational research
• Behavioural change communication Social mobilization, and
information, education and communication (IEC)

• Inter-sectoral coordination : with ministries of urban

development, rural development, panchayati raj, surface
transport and education sector

• Monitoring and supervision : Analysis of reports, review,

field visit and feed-back
Definition of integrated Vector Management

• Is a rational decision making process to achieve

effective vector control by the
• appropriate biological, chemical and environmental
interventions
 of proven efficacy,
separately or in combination as appropriate to the
area
 through the optimal use of resources.

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 Strategic framework-IVM
1. Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation.
Promotion and embedding of IVM principles in the
development
policies of all relevant agencies, organizations and
civil society,

establishment or strengthening of regulatory

and legislative controls for public health and pesticide
management,

empowerment of communities
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2. Collaboration within the health sector and with
other sectors.
PPP
Stake holders
vector-borne disease control programme
managers.

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3.Integrated approach.
• Ensure rational use of available resources
through a multi-disease control approach,

Integration of non-chemical and chemical vector

control methods,

active and passive case detection and

treatment.

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4.Evidence-based decision-making.
Adaptation of strategies and interventions
- to local vector ecology, epidemiology and resources

guided by operational research and

 routine monitoring and evaluation.

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5.Capacity-building.
Development of essential physical infrastructure,
financial and human resources
 at local and national levels
based on needs assessments.

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Fig.1:IVM Framework

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The implementation of IVM requires a needs
assessment through:

1.Policy needs: reform and adjustment of the policy

framework.

2. Institution building needs: the strengthening of

existing institutions.

3. Managerial development needs: the

establishment of clear criteria and decision-
making procedures.

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Continued…

4.Technical strengthening: development of the

technical facilities.

5.Human-resource development needs: the

formation and in-service training of personnel in the
relevant disciplines and skills.

6.Community participation

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TOOLS FOR IVM
I. ENVIRONMENTAL
II. CHEMICAL
III. BIOLOGICAL
IV. NEWER METHOD
V. GENETIC CONTROL
Source reduction:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. ADULTICIDE
4. LARVICIDE

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