Introduction

• Weather forecasting combines tools, observational data, science, and technology to predict the weather for a
specific area hours, days, and months in advance.
• In 1955, the first computer-generated weather prediction was created.
• Forecasting the weather entails continuously taking measures of temperature, pressure, precipitation, wind speed,
and cloud cover and communicating those current observations and reports to the public.

Data collection in Weather Forecasting:

In weather forecasting, data collection has been divided into two categories namely:

i. Surface weather observations

ii. Upper-air weather observations.

 Time Series in ANN
• The fundamental assumption in any time series analysis models is that certain features of the previous pattern will persist in
the future.

• The system functions as a black box, and we may only be able to predict 'what' will happen rather than 'why' it will happen.

• ANN made up of a huge number of highly linked processing components known as neurons that collaborate to solve specific
challenges.

1. The network acquires knowledge through a learning process.

2. To store knowledge, inter-neuron connection strengths known as synaptic weights are utilised.

• A neural network is an adaptable system that alters its structure in response to external or internal information that flows
through it during the learning phase

• The learning rules allow a network to learn from accessible data and then use that information to train the network.
Time Series in ANN
 Key Importances
Weather Forecasting benefits tourism 
• Tourists, in particular, may pick appropriate sites for the greatest experience and organise their visits to prevent any
problems by checking weather predictions.
Weather forecasting & forestry
• Various indicators, such as the Forest Fire Weather Index and the Haines Index, have been developed to predict areas
prone to fire caused by natural or human.

Weather forecasts and utility firms

• The firms utilise a measure known as the degree day to calculate how much use would be available for heating (heating
degree day) or cooling (cooling degree day) (cooling degree day). These figures are based on an average daily
temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit (18 degrees Celsius).