Vdocuments - MX Safety in Erection of Steel Structures

SAFETY IN ERECTION OF
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
AKASH TILOKANI
121420006
College Of Engineering , Pune

Forerunners in technical education
References
• IS 7205: 1974 – Code of Safety for Erection of
Structural Steel Work
• SP 70: 2001 – Handbook on Construction
Safety Practices

Aspects: Clause 9.1 (SP:70-2001) and Clause
2.1 (IS:7205-1974)
Safety in
Erection of
Structural Steel
Advance
Field Operations
Planning

Scheme
Safety in Erection of
General Provisions
Structural Steel Provisions related to

the equipments used
Provisions related to
the works

General Provisions
• Contained in IS 7205-1974, Clause 5 and its sub clauses
• Before a man is engaged in some work, he should be
given thorough medical check up.
• The erection gang should have adequate supply of bolts,
washers, rivets, pins, etc., of correct size.
• When fitter, riveters, etc., can work from a planked floor
or a planked area, the work can be done safely and more
expeditiously. When this is not feasible scaffolding or
floats should be used.

Continued…
• When the men can work safely from the steel structure itself,
this is preferable to hanging platforms or scaffolds, as it
eliminates additional operations, which in turn, reduces the
hazard of an accident.
• The men should be taught to clean their shoes of mud, grease,
oil, snow, ice or other slippery material before climbing ladder
or going on steel or a planked floor, so that they will not slip
or drag slippery material for other to slip on.
• Men should avoid carrying tools or other material when using
a ladder, they should use a hand rope to raise and lower such
material.

Continued…
• When a number of trusses or deep girders are
loaded in one car or a truck, all but one being
lifted should be tied back unless they have been
tied or braced to prevent their falling over and
endangering men while unloading.
• If a piece is laterally unstable when picked at its
center, use of a balance beam is advisable ,
unless a pair of bridled slings can be placed far
enough for them to be safe lifting points.
Erection Equipments
• Contained in respective clauses of SP:70-2001 and IS:7205-1974.
1. Cranes
• No crane should be used unless a competent person has inspected and
tested it and furnished a certificate specifying the maximum working
load.
• Access to and egress from the operator’s stand should be safe from any
position of the crane.
• Cranes should not be used to pull out fixed objects with a slanting pull,
drag objects or move vehicles.
• Before being put into use for the first time, jib cranes with variable radius
should undergo tests of stability and all movements.
• Jib cranes should not be operated in the proximity to the electric power
lines.
Continued …1
2. Hoists
• Hoists must be enclosed at ground level by substantial enclosures and gates
at least by 2 m high and the enclosures should be extended to accommodate
the engine or motor.
• Gates of the same height of 2 m must be provided at all landing stages.
• The complete hoist way throughout its height shall preferably be enclosed
with a wire mesh in order to contain the accidentally dislodged material
from the hoist platform.
• There must be only one operating position for the hoist and the driver must
be trained in the job and able to see the platform throughout the travel.
• Every hoist must be fitted with an automatic device which will support the
platform in the event of any failure of the ropes or gear.
• Every hoist must be checked or inspected once in the week.

Continued…2
3. Wire ropes
• Wire ropes should be visually inspected daily or at the
start of shifts – Idea of thorough inspection.
• One rope lay: Refers to the axial wire rope length for
one wire rope strand to completely wrap around the
wire rope assembly.
• Wires should be stocked for the machines which are in
continuous service.
• Signs of rope deterioration and guidelines of
replacement are as follows

Continued…3
Signs of deterioration Causes of Replacement
Reduction of rope diameter For Rope Dia Reduction more than
(a) Loss of core support Up to 80 mm 4 mm
(b) Corrosion 95 mm to 130 mm 8 mm
(c) Worn out wires 145 mm to 190 mm 12 mm
Broken outside wires (a) 12 randomly distributed broken wires in
ORL
(b) 4 broken wires in one strand in ORL
Wear of individual wires Wear of 1/3rd of the original diameter of
outside individual wires
Corroded, broken, cracked, bent or Any of these conditions indicate replacement
worn at end
Severe crushing, cutting and When such faults result in distortion of rope
unstranding structure

Columns
• Contained in SP:70-2001, Clause 9.3 and its sub
clauses.
• Get the first four columns of a bay facing
diagonally opposite to one another grouted soon
after bracing of the steelwork and its aligning and
plumbing the portion of steel structure.
• For levelling, aligning and plumbing of columns,
screed bars or level pads shall be provided.

Continued…
• Stabilize the erected anchored columns by fastening
temporary wire guys till four column square is
completely braced, levelled and plumbed.
• Filled in pits must be either manually rammed or
rolled over by a heavy roller and sleepers should be
laid over the area.
• Safety nets shall be provided within two stories or
10 m below the height of the work which is
performed.

Riveting Operations
• Contained in IS 7205:1974, Clause 5.26 and its Sub clauses
• Rivets covered with slippery materials should not be used in
fabrication work. Care shall be taken while handling rivets
so that they do not fall, strike or cause injury to men and
material below.
• Rivet heating equipment should be as near as possible to the
place of work. A pail of water should always be ready for
quenching the fire, if it develops.
• Rivets, bolts and the like should be kept in the boxes at
working area to prevent falling down on men or equipments.

Slinging Operations
• While using multi legged slings each sling or leg should be
loaded evenly and the slings should be of sufficient length to
avoid a wide angle between legs.
• Only properly tested and marked lifting tackle of adequate
strength should be used.
• Allowances should be made for the weight of tackles.
• Load shall be free from any obstructions before it is lifted.
Hands should be taken away from the sling and the slinging
person should stand clear of the load4
• Crane hook should be centrally placed over the load to prevent
the slipping and swinging of the load when it is raised.

Erection of Bridge Girders
• Contained in IS:7205-1974, Clause 6.1 and its sub clauses
• Careful inspection of machinery required for the purpose
and check for its capacity is needed.
• Care to protect the edges of members getting marked or
distorted, in the event of use of chains for lashing.
• Temporary bracings shall be provided to care of temporary
stresses from erection equipments or other loads.
• Provisions for lateral forces and wind loads as per the local
conditions.

Continued...
• Joints shall normally be made by filling not less than
50% of the holes with service bolts and barrel drifts in
the ratio 4:1. The service bolts are to be fully
tightened up as soon as the joint is assembled.
• In the event of emergency arising, such as the
structure in danger of being carried away by floods
before the riveting can be completed, the joints shall
be made secure by filling 40% of the holes with
cylindrical drifts and an equal number with service
bolts fully tightened up.

Occupational Safety and Health
Administration Provisions
• Safety for erection of structural steel is contained in
code 1926 and sub part R of OSHA.
• Provisions are related to;
1. Site layout, site specific erection plan and construction
sequence
2. Hoisting and Rigging
3. Structural steel stability requirements
4. Falling object protection
5. Fall Protection


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SAFETY IN ERECTION OF

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

Structural Steel Provisions related to

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

College Of Engineering , Pune

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