Lesson 5.

Adaptive Immune Response

Objective
At the end explain how an adaptive
of the 1 immune response
lesson, you protects the body
should be
able to:
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Adaptive Immune System

● More specific component of
the immune system

● A highly specific mechanism

of the immune system that
recognizes a particular
pathogen
Infectious agents
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Innate and Adaptive Immune Response

● Effector mechanism is similar
to innate immune response

● Adaptive immunity is specific

to a particular pathogen by
using cell-surface receptors

Bacteria
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Difference between innate and adaptive immunity

Comparison between innate and adaptive immunity

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Cells of the Adaptive Immune System

● T cells are involved with:

○ Activation of phagocytic
cells

○ Release of chemicals and

antigen-specific cells
Immune cells
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune System

● B cells are involved in:

○ Steps that deal with

the release of
antibodies

Immune cells
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Development
of
B-cells and T-
cells
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Steps of the Adaptive Immune Response

● Recognition of the
infectious pathogen

○ Lymphocytes with
receptors that can
recognize infecting
pathogen are selected to
Pathogen recognition
participate
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Steps of the Adaptive Immune Response

● Selection of pathogen-
specific lymphocytes

○ T-cells and B-cells are

selected based on
positive and negative
selections
T cells
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Steps of the Adaptive Immune Response

Arm

● Effector mechanism

○ Adaptive immune
response can be felt
mostly a week after the
infection started.

Redness as a result of
immune response
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Example of an Adaptive Immune

Response
● Influenza virus causes an
infection in the lower
respiratory tract.

● Symptoms can be felt for 3-4

days after infection and will
continue to persist for 5-7 days Symptoms of influenza
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Immunological Memory
● Immunological memory
refers to the body’s ability
to quickly recognize and
act against an antigen as a
response to previous
exposure

Memory cells
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Immunological Memory
● Acquired immunity is a
type of adaptive immunity
that provides an
immunological memory

Memory cells
Key Points

Adaptive immune response refers to a highly specific

1 mechanism of the immune system that recognizes a
particular pathogen.

Immunological memory refers to the body’s ability to

2 quickly recognise and act against an antigen.

The cells involved in immunological memory are

3 memory T-cells and memory B-cells.
 Check Your Understanding

Write true if the statement is accurate, and

false if otherwise.
1. The adaptive immune response is slower than the innate immune
response.
2. All animals have the adaptive immune response.
3. The adaptive immune response builds memory.
4. The adaptive immune response becomes faster after the initial
exposure.
5. The innate immune response is more efficient in the first exposure.
 Challenge Yourself

Why is the adaptive

immune system slow
on the first
exposure?
 Bibliography

Derkins, Susie. 2001. The Immune System. The Rosen Publishing Group.

Johnson, Dean. I Am A Pathogen! Adaptive Immunity. The University of Arizona PULSE.

Klosterman, Lorrie. 2009. Immune System. Marshall Cavendish.

Moritz, Andreas. 2007. Timeless Secrets of Health and Rejuvenation. Ener-Chi Wellness Center.

Parham, Peter. 2015. The Immune System, 4th ed. Garland Science.

Schindler, Lydia Woods. 1991. Understanding the Immune System. DIANE Publishing.

Tenney, Louise. 1984. The Immune System: A Nutritional Approach. Woodland Publishing.