PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT (REVIEWER)
Three (3) Categories of Self
1ST QUARTERLY EXAM
WEEK 1
1. SELF DEVELOPMENT – process of growth of
oneself.
2. SELF-CONCEPT – abstract & general idea of an
individual’s personality.
3. THREE Categories of Self-Concept
a. Self-Concept is Learned
b. Self-Concept is Organized
c. Self-Concept is Dynamic
4. Rene Descartes – Father of Modern Philosophy.
a. He stated that the “mind is the seat of
consciousness”.
b. The existence of a person is based on
his/her perception/consciousness.
5. Know Thyself
a. Written at the entry of oracle at Delphi.
b. Old maxim/Aphorism (general observation
based on truth).
6. Thomas Hobbes
a. “Read Thyself” – learn other people’s
personality by engaging in reading.
b. The author of The Leviathan.
7. Sigmund Freud
a. Father of Psychoanalysis
b. Created the Psychoanalysis Theory which
states that an individual is composed of 3
personality components (i.e., Id, Ego, and
Superego).
WEEK 2
8. Self-Esteem – it refers to an individual’s overall
subjective evaluation of their value, worth, and
capabilities/abilities.
9. Two (2) types of Self-Esteem.
a. Positive
b. Negative
10. Two (2) ways to measure Self-Esteem.
a. Explicit – consciousness
b. Implicit – unconscious or automatic
responses.
11. Efficacy – it refers to an individual’s belief in
their own ability to accomplish a specific task to
achieve a desired outcome.
12. Self-Efficacy – it is a specific type of efficacy that
refers to an individual’s belief in their own
ability to successfully perform a particular
behavior or skill.
13. Five (5) ways that influence Self-Efficacy
a. Performance Experiences
b. Vicarious Performance
c. Verbal Persuasion
d. Imaginal Performance
e. The Affected State & Physical Sensations.
14. Two (2) Basis of Judgement & Decision making.
a. Intuitions b. Available Informations
15.
a. Self as Social Actor
b. Self as Motivated Agent
c. Self as Autobiographical Author
Week 3
16. Erik Hombuger Erikson
a. Created the Psychosocial Development
Theory which states that humans go
through series of changes throughout their
lifespan, and that each stage is
characterized by a specific psychosocial
crisis that must be resolved for a healthy
development to occur.
17. ITPreSAYMO – MNEMONICS for Psychosocial
Development Theory.
a. Infancy (Trust vs. Mistrust) – 0-18 months
b. Toddler (Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt) -
2-3 years old.
c. Preschool (Initiative vs. Guild) – 3-6 years
old.
d. School Age (Industry vs. Inferiority) – 6-12
years old.
e. Adolescence (Identity vs. Role Confusion) –
12-18 years old.
f. Young Adulthood (Intimacy vs. Isolation) –
18-25 years old.
g. Middle Adulthood (Generativity vs
Stagnation) – 25-65 years old.
h. Old Age (Integrity vs. Despair) – 65 years
old ‘til death.
18. Cognitive Empath
a. Also known as the “Theory of Mind”, which
describes as having high regards toward the
perspective of others and feeling of concern
for others.
Week 4
19. Benson Bradford Brown
a. The Psychology of Adolescence states that
an individual must be able to assess
himself/herself accurately prior to making
decisions as the outcomes of his/her
actions can be the reflections of how he or
she is raised, chooses peers, and deals with
the community.
20. Courtney Bancroft
a. The connection between our thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors.
Week 5
21. Adolescence – the most rapid stage of human
development.
- Derived via French from Latin adolescent,
which means “coming to maturity”.
- Adolescere – from ad “to” alescere
“grow/grow up” from alere “nourish”.
 22. Robert J. Havighurst b. Peers
a. Havighurst Developmental Task Theory c. Teachers
states that when people successfully d. Community Leaders
accomplish any developmental tasks at a
certain stage, they feel pride and Week 7
satisfaction. They also earn the “approval of
the community or society” Responsibility
23. Four (4) Developmental Challenges of It refers to any moral, legal, or mental obligation
Adolescence or duty that is directly or indirectly entrusted to you
- Biological which you are held accountable for whatever
- Psycholgical consequences that might arrive in the future.
- Social
- Behavioral 8 Common Responsibilities of Adolescents
24. Four (4) tasks of an adolescent to accomplish 1. Show respect of elders
to become a well-adjusted adult. 2. Take care of the younger ones
- Independence 3. Study well
- Body image 4. Avoid engaging to bad vices
- Peer relation 5. Establishe a good identity
- Identity 6. Earn the trust of the people around
25. 11 Developmental Tasks of Normal 7. Distinguish good company from bad influence
Adolescence 8. Know yourself better
The Adolescent must:
1. Adjust to a new physical sense of self. 8 Ways to become capable and responsible person in
2. Adjust to new intellectual abilities. preparation for Adult Life
3. Adjust to increased cognitive demands at 1. Know your priority
school. 2. Have focus
4. Develop expanded verbal skills. 3. Be decisive
5. Develop a personal sense of identity. 4. Work diligently
6. Establish adult vocational goals. 5. Don’t count at all
7. Establish emotional and psychological 6. Stay humble
independence from his/her parents. 7. Love your duty
8. Develop stable and productive peer 8. Dedicate time
relationships.
9. Learn to manage his/her sexuality. Week 8
10. Adopt a personal value system.
11. Develop increased impulse control and Stress
behavioral maturity. A condition characterized by symptoms of
physical or emotional tension.
Week 6 State of worry or mental tension caused by a
difficult situation.
26. Socialization It is a natural human response that prompts us
- it refers to a process of an individual to gain to address challenges and threats in our lives. Everyone
many learning opportunities. experiences stress to some degree.
27. Agents of Influence
- Five (5) Agents of Influence Recognize Signs of Stress
a. Parents – primary agents of influence, a. Irritability and Anger
they provide shelter, protection, and a Stressed-out teens might be more short-
sense of security no matter what tempered or argumentative than normal.
happens. b. Changers and Anger
b. Siblings – friends within a family. A once-active teen now doesn’t want to leave
c. Friends – extended siblings who came the house. Sudden changes can be a sign that
from different families. stress levels are high.
d. Teachers – the second parents in c. Trouble Sleeping
school. They help you improve your A teen might complain of feeling tired all the
intellectual and emotional capacity. time, sleep more than usual or have trouble
e. Community Leaders – they inspire falling asleep at night.
adolescents to get involved with d. Eating Changes
community services. Eating too much or too little can both be
28. Agents of Socialization reactions to stress.
- Four (4) Agents of Socialization e. Neglecting Responsibilities
a. Family
 If an adolescent suddenly drops the ball on
homework, forgets obligations or starts
procrastinating more than usual, stress might be
a factor.
f. Getting sick more often
Stress often shows up as physical symptoms.
Adolescents who feel stress often report
headaches or stomachaches.
-sleep affects our physic al and mental health
but can be the first thing you trade in when you get
busy or stressed.
2. Take time out for things you enjoy.
-balance in life is important, so taking time out
for things you enjoy can make a difference to how you
think and feel.

Way To Cope with Stress 3. Be active and eat well

• Keep a positive attitude. -Your physical and mental health is closely
• Be assertive instead of aggressive. Assert your linked, so adding exercise and nutritious food every day
feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of can make you feel better.
becoming angry, defensive, or passive.
• Exercise regularly. Your body can fight stress 4. Nurture relationships and connect with others.
better when it is fit. -Your connection to others is what builds you up
• Eat health, well-balanced meals. and keeps you strong.
• Learn to manage your time more effectively.
• Make time for hobbies, interests, and 5. Learn to manage stress.
relaxation. -If you have trouble winding down or managing
• Get enough rest and sleep. Your body needs thoughts, you may find relaxation, yoga or writing your
time to recover from stressful events. feelings down.
• Don’t rely on alcohol, drugs, or compulsive
behaviors to reduce stress. 6. Get involved and join in.
• Seek out social support. Spend enough time -Being part of a group with common interests
with those you enjoy. provides a sense of belonging so find out about
sporting, music, volunteer or community groups locally.
• Seek treatment with a psychologist or other
mental health professional trained in stress
7. Build your confidence
management to learn healthy ways of dealing
-Learning improves your mental fitness and
with the stress in your life.
taking on a new challenge can build confidence and give
you a sense of achievement.
Mental Health
• it is a condition of being sound mentally and
8. Be comfortable in your own skin.
emotionally that is characterized by the absence
-Everyone is unique and should be celebrated.
of mental illness and by adequate adjustment
Know who you are and what makes you happy.
especially as reflected in feeling comfortable
about oneself.
9. Set realistic goals and deal with tasks one at a time.
-It is good to be specific when you set a goal to
Mental Health Indicators
help keep you on track.
1. Emotional well-being
-life satisfaction, happiness, cheerfulness,
10. Reach out for help when you need it.
peacefulness.
-Everyone needs support from time to time.
Talking to a family member, a friend, your doctor or one
2. Psychological well-being
of the many services available can make all the
-self-acceptance, personal growth including
difference.
openness to new experiences, optimism,
hopefulness, purpose in life, control of one’s
environment, spirituality, self-direction, and
positive relationships.

3. Social well-being
-social acceptance, belief in the potential of
people and society, personal self-worth and
usefulness to society, and a sense of
community.

10 Tips for mental and health wellbeing

1. Get enough sleep and rest.