PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT REVIEWER
(gikapoy nako pero geh lang)
MODULE 1: SELF
“Do you know yourself?”, “Knowing yourself is the
beginning of WISDOM” – Aristotle.
How can we assess ourself?
- By asking the people around you.
- Psychologists Joseph Luft (1916-2014) and
Harrington Ingham (1916-1995) devised a
technique to help people better understand
themselves as well as their relationship with
others.
Why knowing one’s self is important?
- It helps you make better decisions
- It will improve your decision-making habits, in
setting and reaching appropriate goals and
live productively.
SELF (Stevens, 1996)
- Separate
- Self-contained
- Independent
- Consistent
- Unitary
- Private
Categories of Self
1. Ideal Self – pertains the image or aspirations
of what you want to become.
2. Actual Self – pertains to your current self.
Several Factors that shape Self-concept
1. From your own observations
2. Feedback from others
3. Cultural values/Cultural guidelines
Having self-knowledge…
a. Helps to know our strengths and weaknesses
b. Allows us to interact with others
c. Provide insights into how others reach to us.
Remember that!
If your actual self is aligned with your ideal self,
there is a sense of congruency. It has a high potential
that you will achieve your dream. It also indicates a
higher level of peace, composure and well-being.
Activity nato ani nga module kay kadtong envelope all
about yourself.
MODULE 2: DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON
Aspects of the SELF
- Self-concept is represented by several aspects
of the self. It is conceived as a collection of
multiple, context dependent selves. This
construct believes that context activates
particular regions of self-knowledge and self-
relevant feedback identity specific areas for
self-regulation, stability and improvement.
An individual is composed of three basic aspects of
self:
1. Physical or Tangible Self aspects – relates to
the body.
2. Intellectual and Conscious aspects – relates
to the mind
3. Emotional and Intuitive aspects – relates the
spirit.
8 Different Aspects of Self
1. Physical Self
• It describes yourself
• Include descriptions of your height,
weight, facial appearance, and quality of
skin, hair and etc.
2. Intellectual Self
• Include assessment of how well you reason
and solve problems, your capacity to learn
and create, your general amount of
knowledge, your specific areas of
knowledge, etc.
3. Emotional Self
• Feelings you seldom have, feelings you try
to avoid, feelings you especially enjoy,
feelings from your past and present, etc.
4. Sensual Self
• What sense do you use the most – sight,
hearing, speaking, smelling, or touching?
• How you feel about the different ways you
take information – through the eyes, ears,
mouth, nose, pores and skin.
5. Interactional Self
• Includes descriptions of your strengths
and weaknesses in intimate relationships
and relationships to friends, family, co-
students, and strangers in social settings.
• Describes the strengths and weaknesses
which your friends and family have
noticed.
6. Nutritional Self
• How you nourish yourself
• What foods you like and dislike
• What do you like and dislike about these
7. Contextual Self
• Descriptions could be the areas of
maintenance of your living environment:
reaction to light, temp, space, weather,
colors, sound and seasons, and your
impact on the environment.
8. Spiritual Self or Life Force
• This could include your feelings about
yourself and organized religion, reactions
about your spiritual connections to others,
feelings about your spiritual development
and history.
Activity ani nga module is kadtong circle sa imo 8
aspects of yourself
MODULE 3: DEVELOPMENT STAGE IN MIDDLE
AND LATE ADOLESCENCE
Ages of Adolescence
1. Early adolescence ages around 10 to 13
2. Middle adolescence ages from 14 to 16
3. Late adolescence ages from 17 to 20
Erik Erikson’s
- He was a German-born American
developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst
known for his theory on psychosocial
development of human beings. He may be
most famous for coining the phrase identity
crisis. His son, Kai T. Erikson, is a noted
American sociologist.

- Infancy
- School Age (6-12 Years)
- Late Childhood (Pre-school)
- Adolescence (12-20 Years)
- Early Adulthood (20-25 Years)
- Middle Adulthood (25-65)
- Late Adulthood (65 years to death)
Adolescence Identity vs Role Confusion
- Identify versus confusion is the fifth stage of
Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial
development. This stage occurs during
adolescence between the ages of
approximately 12 to 18. Teens need to develop
a sense of self and personal identify During
this stage, adolescents explore their
independence and develop a sense of self.
- According to Erikson, people progress through
a series of stages as they grow and change
throughout life. –
- During each stage, people face a
developmental conflict that must be resolved
to successfully develop the primary virtue of
that stage.
- During the identity versus confusions stage,
this conflict is centered on developing a
personal identity. Successfully completing this
stage leads to a strong sense of self that will
remain throughout life.
Changes during Adolescence
The period between childhood and young adulthood is
a period of rapid change.
Physical Changes during Adolescence
For girls, they may start to see changes about 10 or 11
years old. It includes breast development, changes in
body shape and height, growth of pubic hair and the
start of periods.
For boys, physical changes may start around 11 or 12
years old. It includes: growth of the penis and testes,
changes in body shape and height, erections with
ejaculation or Masturbation, growth of body and facial
hair, and changes of the voice.
Adolescence and Social Behavior
Adolescence is the period of developmental transition
between childhood and adulthood. It involves changes
in personality, as well as in physical, intellectual and
social development. During this time, this can impact
on a teen’s social development
1. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself.
2. Peer pressure – as children grow, they begin
to spend more time with their friends and less
time with their parents.
3. Teens and Sex – talking with your teenager is
important to help him or her develop healthy
attitudes toward sex and to learn responsible
sexual behavior.
A true midlife crisis usually involves changing your
entire life in a hurry. An example is a man after
counseling who wrote a note to his wife, withdrew his
money from the bank, and moved to another city
without warning.
Skills & Tasks Appropriate for Middle and Late
Adolescence
1. Adjust to sexually maturing bodies and feelings
2. Develop and apply abstract thinking skills
3. Develop and apply a new perspective on
human relationships.
4. Develop and apply new coping skills in areas
such as decision-making problem solving and
conflict resolution.
5. Understand and express more complex
emotional experiences.
6. Identify meaning moral standards, values and
belief systems
7. Form friendships that are mutually close and
supportive
8. Establish key aspects of identity
9. Meet the demands of increasingly mature roles
and responsibilities
10. Renegotiate relationships with adults in
parenting roles.
Child and Adolescent Development (Corpuz 2010)
1. Developing Occupational Skills
2. Self-reliance
3. Ability to manage their finances
4. Social responsibility
5. Mature work orientation
6. Personal responsibility
7. Positive attitude toward work
Activity ani kay atong life timeline
MODULE 4: THE CHALLENGES OF MIDDLE AND
LATE ADOLESCENCE
Passage to Adulthood: Challenges of Late
Adolescence
A. Physical Development
- Most girls have completed physical changes
related to puberty by age 15.
- Boys are still maturing and gaining strength,
muscle mass, and height and are completing
the development of sexual traits.
B. Emotional Development
- May stress over school and test scores
- Seek privacy and time alone
- May complain that parents prevent him or her
from doing things independently.
- Starts to want both physical and emotional
intimacy in relationships.
C. Social Development
- Shift in relationship with parents from
dependency and subordination to one that
reflects the adolescent’s increasing maturity
and responsibilities in the family and
community.
- friends become more important
- starts to have more intellectual interests.
- Explores romantic and sexual behaviors with
others.
 D. Mental Development How to cope with stress
- Becomes better able to set goals ang think in - Get enough time for sleep
terms for the future. - Focus on your strength
- Has better understanding of complex problems - Engage in Physical Activities
and issues. - DO things that MAKE YOU HAPPY
- Starts to develop moral ideas and to selects - Talk to someone
role models. - Eat nutritious foods
Activity kay kadtong roleplay regarding sa 4 MODULE 6: THE BRAIN
challenges of middle and late adolescence. The Dominant Side of the Brain
MODULE 5: COPING WITH STRESS IN MIDDLE AND Left Dominance:
LATE ADOLESCENCE - Classic music
What is Stress? - Being on time
- Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical - Careful planning
tension. It can come from any event or thought - To consider alternative
that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or - Being thoughtful
nervous. - Monopoly, scrabble, or chess
- Stress is a reaction of the mind and body to Right Dominance:
stimulus that disturbs the well being or - Popular music
equilibrium of a person. - A good time
SIGNS - To visualize outcomes
- Behavioral signs - To go with the first idea
- Emotional changes - Being active
- Physical signs - Athletics, art or music
- Mental and Thinking Tips for improving your memory
Stress as a stimulus and as a response 1. Meditate – Meditation and relaxation
- Stress may be caused by situations that may techniques have been shown to improve short-
be life threatening or life-changing. (Stressors) term memory for people off all ages.
- Stress is the way the body reacts to 2. Get enough sleep - Sleep plays an important
challenging situations. role in memory consolidation, the process in
- Cortisol – Stress hormone which short-term memories are transformed
Main Causes of Stress into long-term ones. Experts recommend 7 – 9
• Peer pressure hours of sleep.
• Having a boyfriend or a girlfriend 3. Exercise – research shown that exercise may
• Peer rejection improve the growth and development f
• Pubertal changes neurons, which leads to improved brain health.
• Family Problems 4. One thing at a time – When you are
• Employment performing any task, focus on that one task. By
• Etc. avoiding multitasking and focusing on one
Specific Effects of Stress on the Adolescent thing at a time, your brain will have time to
• Depression encode the information properly.
• Unassertive MIND MAPPING:
• Overly Dependent - This is a powerful thinking tool. It is a graphical
• Self-criticism technique that mirrors the way the brain works,
• Social withdrawal and was invented by Tony Buzan. Mind
• Weak relationships mapping helps to make thinking visible.
POWERS OF THE MIND (vid)
Brain Power
- The wrinkled, pinkish-gray, three-pound organ
that is primarily composed of fat and water
and goes by the name the brain.
Power to Act
- The three major parts of the brain: Brain
stem (connects the spinal cord and the brain. It
controls functions that keep people alive like
breathing, heart rate, blood pressure)
Cerebellum (this region controls voluntary
movement), and Cerebrum (is the largest of
the three brain sectors and accounts for 85% of
the brain’s weight and has four lobes). Wala
nako gi mention ang neuron kay basta

Critical Age
- There is a consensus among researchers that
brain cells regenerate throughout life, but that
new growth happens very slowly after a
certain age. “The size of the brain doesn’t
increase much after 3”, Doug Postel explains.
It is during the first three years of life, the
brain experiences most of its growth and
develops most of its potential in learning. (mao
nang dapat interactive ang pag grow sa bata especially sa
first 3 years kay mao mana mostly mag experience ang
brain og growth and development)
- 1. The brain parts are adaptable
- 2. Deprivation of intellectual stimulation occurs
dramatically before age 3
Right vs Left Brain
- Right Brain – Critical Thinkers, Able to express
themselves using art, music or dance, and they
gather information by feelings and intuition.
- Left Brain – Creative Thinkers, Collect
information using logic and sense, and they
express themselves with concise words,
numerical and written formulas and
technological systems.
Grow your intelligence
- The more that your challenge your mind to
learn, the more your brain cells grow.
- The brain is more like a muscle – it changes
and gets stronger when you use it.
- Most people don’t know that when they
practice and learn new things, parts of their
brain change and get larger a lot like muscles
do when they exercise.
Grow your Brain
- Always remember, as a teenager we need to
grow our brains. We need practice to improve
our brain. Use your brain in puzzled situations.
BE A BRAIN ATHLETE. Practice and exercise
the brain.
Activity ani kay mind map about something your good
at and I butang sa branches ang reason why ur good
at it.
MODULE 7: MENTAL HEALTH & WELL-BEING IN MIDDLE
AND LATE ADOLESCENCE
What is mental health?
- Mental health includes our emotional, and
psychological and social well-being. It affects
how we think, feel and act as we cope with life.
Media Motives:
- Sex Appeal
- Join the Bandwagon
- Highest Quality Available
- Financial Plans
- Negative Advertising (Brand X)
- Homestyle or Traditional
- We Try harder
- Best Value
- New and improved
- Name brands and logos
- Health and safety
Strategies for becoming a critical viewer of Media
✓ Media messages about body shape and size
will affect the way we feel about ourselves and
our bodies, only if we let them. One of the ways
we can protect our self-esteem and body
image from he media’s narrow definitions of
beauty is to become critical viewer of the
media messages we are bombarded with each
day.
Different Concepts related to mental health
Subjective well-being
- Is characterized by having high life
satisfaction. High positive affect and low
negative affect. It is a scientific term for
happiness.
Perceived Self-Efficacy
- One’s perception of one’s value of worth,
effectiveness and ability in performing a task
or activity.
Autonomy
- Capacity to separate one’s identity from other
significant persons like parents, lovers, and
special friends.
Intergenerational Independence
- Refers to the relationship between individuals
who belong to different generations but may
be living separately as independent,
autonomous persons during a specific period
of time.
Self-actualization
- Capacity to fulfill our psychological potential.
Support for Mental Health and Well-being
• Connect
• Be active
• Keep learning
• Give to others
• Take notice
Activity kay kadtong mag himo og advertisement nga
ni follow og media motives.