Reviewer for CESC activities and is sometimes described as

'social action' or 'community engagement'.

Concept note #1 These activities can vary in their objective, the
role the community plays, the types of
COMMUNITY activities involved, their scale and their
LATIN WORD COMMUNIS integration within the council. What they
have in common is that they all involve
COMMUNITY DYNAMICS greater engagement of local citizens in the
Community Dynamics is the change and planning, design and delivery of local services.
development involved in a community that
includes all forms of living organisms. COMMUNITIES MAY BE FORMED IN TWO
GEOGRAPHICAL
COMMUNITY ACTION - VILLAGE
IMPORTANCE - PROVINCE
— -NEIGHBORHOOD
1. Building community and social capacity NON-GEOGRAPHICAL
helping the community to share knowledge, - PRACTICES
skills and ideas. -NEEDS AND IDEAS
2. Community resilience - helping the -IDENTITY
community to support itself.
3. Prevention - a focus on early access to Concept note 2
services or support, engagement in design,
cross-sector collaboration and partnerships. Definition of Community in different
4. Maintaining and creating wealth – for Perspective
example helping people into employment or 1 Social Science Perspective
developing community *Views community as composed of people
enterprises. teracting with one another, sensitive to each
other's emotions as well as interests and
COMMUNITY MAY BE DIVIDED; subjective point of view.
MICRO LEVEL a Anthropology - this field examines the
a group is formed based on personal Various aspects of humans. Such as ther
MACRO LEVEL biology, behavior culture and social
Large group affiliations are formed such as interaction
national communities, international b. Economics-this fald studies the productor
communities, and virtual communities. llation and consumption of good and services
social ties C. Poltical Science - this field encompasses
The various ways and means of allocating
COMMUNITY ACTION power influences, and decision-making.
-Community action is any activity that d. Psychology - this discipline studies the
increases the human mind, brain, and social behavior
understanding, engagement and e Sogology - this field is the study of society ,
empowerment of communities in the design social order, social interactions, and culture
and delivery of local services. 2 Institutional Perspective
-Community action includes a broad range of Three dimension
a first - it is existing establishment or physical
space where members of the community go
for a certain purpose
b. Second - is the institutional community as a
social model
C. Third-composed of the way people act,
interact each other, read, antexpect each
other to act and interact
3 Civil Society Perspective
Stresses the idea of forming a group,
foundation or an organization in service to
Society
4 Local and Grassroots Perspective
• This perspective highlights
"VOLUNTEERISM"
•Members of different communities may
involve themselves in various programs and
activities
Concept note 3
Aspects of community
Demograpics - Population size (Total number
of people living in the community
Geography & Environmental Influence - the
community’s physical environment
Beliefs and Attitudes - cultural values,
tradition’s and belief’s of various segments of
the population
Local Politics - structure of government
Local Economy and Business - Business,
factories and other sources of employment
that characterize the community
Income distribution - Public assistance
benefits available to residents
Housing -
Educational Facilities and Programs -
Adequate preparation for adults to enter
labor force
Health and Welfare System’s - Adequate
numbers of health professionals and specialist
at the same the facilities
Sources of information and public opinion -
Presence of television and radio stations and
newspapers which provide the people
information and perspectives on the current
events
Summary Assessment of Community Issues -
overall assessment of community functioning
Concept note 4
Dynamics and Processes
Community Engagement - Train younger
generation of leaders so that they are ready
to take over when the time comes.
Collaboration - Leaders should learn to
build "bridges" and cooperate across
communities
Development of Social Capital Building -
Developing a resilient capital is among the
most important contribution to successful
COMMUNITY leadership.
COMMUNITY POWER -The capacity of the
communityto exercise control over activities
and seek ways to employ available resources
to establish a stronger and successful
community
LEADERSHIP - As the person who has the
responsibility of controlling or taking charge
of a particular group. The important figure
will quide the members to carry out the plans
in pursuit of the group's objectives.

Components in improving leadership in a
community
LEADERSHIP
•Effective
Communication
•Development of Social Capital Building
•Community Engagement
Collaboration
Effective Communication - There should be
free access to important information
concerning social issues and public matters.
SOCIAL CHANGE - Changes that occur in the
social order of a society. These changes may
be related to nature, social institutions, social
behaviour, or social relations. Social change
can be driven by cultural, religious,
economics, scientific, or technological forces.
RELATIONSHIP - The success of a community
will be more meaningful if its members have
harmonious relationships with each other. In
forming relationships, person can give and
receive support,
encouragement, praise and information.
Concept note 5
TYPOLOGY
• a study or systematic classification of type
that have
characteristics/traits in common. • it is way of
classification to
categorize or interpret all elements to
distinguished type or symbols. • the result of
classification according to their physical
characteristics.
GLOBAL COMMUNITY
a system characterized by integration and
interaction between individuals and groups
away from each other in time or space or
both. The word "global" refers to the nations
of the world considered closely connected by
modern telecommunication, though they are
economically, socially and politically
independent.
LOCAL COMMUNITY
characterized by close social integration and
physical proximity. Moreover, a local
community is also define as a group of
people sharing the same environment and
conditions such as intent, belief, resources,
preferences, and needs and risks.
URBAN COMMUNITY
The characteristics of urban areas are as
follows:
1. There is a higher population density, with
more diverse subgroups.
2. Various industries and businesses are found
in the area. 3. A large portion of the people
live in rented apartments or homes.
4. Transportation is readily available, although
this may be costly.
5. Urban areas are highly developed with
many buildings and structures.
6. Traffic and noise levels are high in these
areas.
7. The large population gives rise to close
interactions among many people, as well as
more intense political involvement among
citizens.
RURAL
COMMUNITY
Three general characteristics of rural areas:
1. Population density is found to be low,
meaning few people populate the entire
community, and they tend to live far apart
from each other.
2. The area is situated geographically distant
from larger urban areas.
3. Each area typically specializes in a
particular form of livelihood, such as farming.
FORMAL COMMUNITY
• The group is created as per official
authority, to fulfil certain goals or objective.
• The group possesses a systematic
hierarchical
structure.
• The position of a member defines his/her
importance
in the group.
• There is a professional relationship among
members.
• The flow of communication is restricted due
to the chain of command.
INFORMAL COMMUNITY
• The group is formed according to the likes,
interests, and attitudes of the members.
• The group has a loose structure, and the
members
* join to satisfy their social needs.
Every member is an important as any other
member
• There is a personal relationship among
members.
• The flow of communication stretches in all
directions.
Concept nite 7
Sectors and social spaces
SOCIAL SPACES - Define as
virtual physical or space which
members of the community visit or
where they stay.
Community sectors - are various groups or
subdivisions of the large community divided
based on characteristics such as social,
political, economic, cultural, and religious
beliefs.
Government - Regional, provincial, state,
local, and tribal government
Business - (DOLE) From the self-employed
carpenter to the multinational corporation
with a local facility
Sports and Recreation - Sports club, town or
country recreation department, amateur and
professional athletic association
Environment - Individual environmentalists.
international, national, and local
environmental organizations
Agriculture - Confined to rural areas
Health - Medical and mental health
professions
Education - Public and private pre- schools, K-
12 schools, colleges and universities school
committees, school administration, teachers
others educational institution employee
Law Enforcement - The local and state police,
the court system-judges. probation officers,
prosecutors, court- appointed defence
lawyers, court-mandated programs for
offenders
Religion - Places of worship and their
members, religious organizations
Services/Fraternal Organization - Local and
international services, college
fraternities/sororities or other local and
national social clubs, as well as veterans'
organizations
Yourh - Youth themselves and those who
work directly with them parents, human
services, culture, and sports/recreation
sectors
Media - Newspapers and magazines, radio,
and TV. vast array of blogs, videos, online
news, and other materials available on the
Internet
Human Service - Non-profit professional and
volunteer organizations that provide free or
affordable services
Concept 7
sectors and sousal space
social spaces - A physical or virtual space
which mem- bers of the community visit or
where they stay.
1. sports and Recreation - sports club, town or
country recreation department.
2. Environment - Individual environmentalists,
international, national, local environmental
organizations.
3. Agriculture confined to Rural areas.
4. health - medical and mental health
professions.
5. education - public and private pre-school,
K-12 .
6. law enforcement - The local state police,
system, Judges.
7. Religion - Places of worship:
8. Services / Fraternal Organization - local and
International services, veterans organization.
9.
Overview of community engagement -
community engagement provers of working
together with the member of a group based
on geographic proximity.
Power Vehicle.
-partnership and collaboration .
-collaborations
Community engagement continuum:
Outreach - some community Involvement.
Consult - more community involvement.
Involve - Better community Involvement.
collaborate- community Involvement.
Shared leadership strong - Bidirectional
Relationship.
Areas and benefits.
* Agenda - engagement changes the choice
and pours of
projects
* Design & belivery - Improvements to study
design
* Implementation & change - Improvements
can be made in the way research Findings are
used.
* ethics. - creates opportunities to improve
the consent process.
* The public involve the project - knowledge
& skills of
public."
* Academic parmers - gain enhanced
understanding of the issue under study.
* Individual Research participants -
Improvements of way chudies are carried out
* community organizations - gain knowledge,
a higher profile in the community
* the general public - littely to be more
receptive to the researon and reap groter
benefits from it.
A social ecological model.
- Individual
- Relationship
- community
- Societal.