MINERALS

DENNIS D. AVENIDO, LPT

SCIENCE MAJOR
 Public Knowledge of Minerals …
Filipino people understand MINERALS as a
essentials for our body
As a “Pampalakas”, “Pampaganda”,
“Pampatibay” ng katawan …
Minerals in Food …
Minerals in food are the ELEMENTS
present in food that are required by our
body to develop and function properly
MINERALS IN EARTH
SCIENCE
 MINERALS …
isan ELEMENT or CHEMICAL COMPOUND
that is normally CRYSTALLINE and that has
been FORMED AS A RESULT OF
GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES.
Examples include quartz, feldspar minerals,
calcite, sulfur and the clay minerals such as
kaolinite and smectite.
MINERALS …

Minerals are solid substances that occur naturally.

They can be MADE FROM A SINGLE
ELEMENT (like gold or copper) or from a
COMBINATION OF ELEMENTS.
The Earth is made up of thousands of different
minerals.
What is the difference between a
mineral and a rock?
Minerals have a specific chemical structure
which is the same throughout the entire
mineral.
Rocks, on the other hand, are composed of a
variety of different minerals and are not
consistent throughout their structure.
Characteristics of Minerals
Characteristics of Minerals

SOLID - All minerals will be solids at normal

temperatures on Earth.

NATURALLY OCCURRING - Minerals occur

in nature. Solids that are made in a chemistry
lab don't count as minerals.
Characteristics of Minerals

INORGANIC - Minerals don't come from plants,

animals, or other living organisms.
FIXED CHEMICAL STRUCTURE - Specific
minerals will always have the SAME CHEMICAL
FORMULA. They will have the SAME
COMBINATION OF ELEMENTS. Minerals also
generally are formed with a crystal structure.
FIXED CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

Specific minerals will always have the

SAME CHEMICAL FORMULA.
They will have the SAME
COMBINATION OF ELEMENTS.
Minerals also generally are formed
with a crystal structure.
Specific minerals will always have the SAME CHEMICAL
FORMULA.
They will have the SAME COMBINATION OF
ELEMENTS
Minerals also generally are formed with a
crystal structure

DIAMOND
Characteristics of Minerals

SOLID
NATURALLY OCCURING
INORGANIC
FIXEDCHEMICAL STRUCTURE
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES
Properties of Minerals
DIFFERENT MINERALS ARE
OFTEN DEFINED BY THE SET OF
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

LUSTER - Luster describes HOW

WELL A MINERAL REFLECTS
LIGHT.
Examples of luster include glassy,
metallic, brilliant, and dull.
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
HARDNESS - The hardness describes HOW
EASY IT IS TO SCRATCH THE SURFACE OF
A MINERAL.
Scientists often use the Moh's scale to describe
hardness. Using the Moh's scale, a "1" is the
softest mineral and a "10" is the hardest. One
example of hardness is diamond. Diamond has a
hardness of 10 because it is the hardest of all the
minerals.
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

STREAK - Streak is THE COLOR OF

THE MINERAL IN POWDERED FORM.
One way to determine the streak is to rub
the mineral across a rough hard surface
like a tile.
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

CLEAVAGE - Cleavage
DESCRIBES HOW A MINERAL
BREAKS UP INTO PIECES. Some
minerals break up into small cubes
while others may break up into thin
sheets.
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SG) - The specific

gravity MEASURES THE DENSITY OF THE
MINERAL. It is measured in comparison to
water where water has a specific gravity of 1.
For example, pyrite has a specific gravity of 5
and quartz has a specific gravity of 2.7.
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

COLOR - Although color is often used to

describe a mineral, it sometimes isn't the
best way to tell one mineral from another as
one type of mineral can come in several
different colors
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
 LUSTER – How well a mineral reflects light
 HARDNESS – How easy it is to scratch the surface of a
mineral
 STREAK – The color of mineral in powdered form
 CLEAVAGE – how a mineral breaks uo into pieces
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY – measures the density of the mineral
in comparison to water (SG of 1)
 Color – Used to describe a mineral