WELCOME

- Y.Rama Krishna
 DRAUGHT SYSTEM
“The difference between the atmospheric pressure and
the pressure existing in the furnace is called Draught”.

 Natural draught system

 Induced draught system
 Forced draught system
 Balanced draught system
 FANS
An essential auxiliary equipment of the boiler.

Supply air for the combustion in the furnace. (FD Fan)

Evacuates the flue gases formed from the combustion. (ID fan)

Evacuation wouldn’t be possible with out using FANS

“Machines moving the gaseous fluids with a

pressure ratio up to 1.15 are know as FANS”
 IMPORTANCE of ID FAN

 MAINTAINS THE DESIRED BALANCED DRAUGHT AND

NEGATIVE PRESSURE REQUIREMENT OF A FURNACE
WITH THE HELP OF F.D. FAN

Types Of Controls Employed For The Fans

 Speed control
 Inlet guide vane control
 Damper control
 Blade pitch control
 REGULATION
The fan is adapted to changing operating conditions by
means of
•Adjustable inlet dampers.
•Varying the fan speed
Inlet Damper Control
• Actuator
Variable Fan Speed
•Two speed drive motor with inlet guide vanes
•Variable Speed Hydraulic Coupling
•Variable speed drives (stepped/step less variation)
•Frequency Controlled Variable Speed Drive
VARIABLE TORQUE
 BASIC VFD (LCI-VFD) SYSTEM

LCI -Load Commutated Inverter

VFD -Variable Frequency Drive
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE

RATING

6-PULSE 12-PULSE
KW 1488 3895
RPM 390 545
Volts (L-L) 1804 2X2300
PF 0.85 0.85
Exc Volts 240 345
Exc Amps 48 64

Stator YY , 10 pole, A.C.

Rotar 8 pole, D.C.
 ISOLATION TRANSFORMER
The transformer provides isolation from the ac system bus.

Provides the correct voltage at the terminals of the rectifier i/p.

Internal impedance of the transformer limits the magnitude

of any downstream bus faults.

Transformer rating:-
KVA = 3000 CH-1 Δ/Δ
Volts HV/LV = 11/2.3 KV CH-2 Δ/Y
Amps HV/LV = 157.5/753.1
RECTIFIER
I/P - CONSTANT a.c THYRISTOR
O/P- VARIABLE d.c FIRING

1 -- 2

2 -- 3

3 -- 4

4 -- 5

5 -- 6

6 -- 1

1 -- 2
Rectifier
O/p
INVERTER
INVERTER SWITCHING
 2 6 4

i
5 3 1
LCI Drive
SPACE VECTOR
MODULATION
Inverter o/p
LINE NOTCHES
& BUMPS
POWER MODULES 2.3 kV FOR VFD
Gate driver module
HPTK MODULE (Gate driver)
Voltage Regulator For Exciter
FIELD EXCITER MODULE
Overall Functional VFD Diagram
2-channel VFD
 LINING-UP AND ISOLATION OF ID FAN
LINING-UP
1. Charge the cooling water to fan bearings.
2. Charge the cooler from water side & ensure the flow in
view glass.
3. Charge the motor cooling water and observe the FLOW
4. Line up the lube oil system
5. Normalize the power supply of inlet / outlet gates.
6. Normalize the supply of IGV.
7. Normalize the fan main breaker.
8. Check LOP s availability & interlock.
9. Release the EPB. (always at the LAST)
 STARTING
1. Ensure no alarm persists on the source & load Breakers.
2. Check all the permissive available.
3. Check no fault is persisting.
4. Close the SOURCE breakers from OWS.
5. Ensure closing of the breakers from Local.
6. Close the Load Breakers.
7. Wait till the Drive attains a constant speed.
8. Then increase the speed as per requirement.
9. Use IGV & SPEED control to maintain DRAUGHT.
 ISOLATION

. Ensure that fan is in stopped condition.

. Press EPB.
. Electrically isolate the main breaker.
. Earthing to be done as per the requirement.
. Ensure that inlet / outlet gates are in closed condition.
. Isolate the supply of inlet and outlet gates.
. Isolate IGV supply.
. Isolate LOP-1 & 2 motor power supply after ensuring that
fan at standstill.
. Isolate cooling water to Oil coolers,Bearings,Motor coolers.
0.Isolate the oil cooler from oil side.
ADVANTAGES OF USING V.F.D.

1. FAST RESPONSE
2. HIGH ACCURACY
3. HIGH EFFICIENCY
4. LOW MAINTENANCE
5. NO SUPPLY FLUCTUATION
6. SOFT START
7. INCREASE IN MOTOR LIFE
 FURTHER APPLICATIONS

The success of VFD to the ID fan in the power plant opens

new channels for its application in the power plant auxiliaries like

1. MDBFP
2. FD FAN
3. PA FAN
4. GAS TURBINE STARTER
5. COMPRESSOR DRIVES
6. CENTRALISED AC SYSTEMS
 CONCLUSIONS

•Reduction in auxiliary power consumption approximately

by 10% at peak generation and by 15% at 60% generation.

SUGGESTIONS
Lower order Harmonics can be eliminated by using PWM

 Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms

can be implemented for optimized control.
 REFERENCES

1. NTPC ET course material.

2. NPTI training module
3. Customer training manual, LCI VFD vol & II -BHEL
4. Power Electronics -P.S Bimbhra, Khanna pub.
5. Power Electronics converters, applications and design -N.Mohan,
Undeland,Robbins
6. VFD article, Kilowatt Classroom
7. PWM Current Source Converter Induction Machine Drive -Alfons Klönne, Friedrich W. Fuchs
Christian-Abrechts-University of Kiel -Power Electronics and Electrical Drives,
8. A Variable Step-Size C-MEX S-Function for Reduced Simulation Times of
Variable Speed Drives, Alan Mullane, Gregor Gregor¡ci¡c, Gordon Light body and
Robert Yacamini Department of Electrical Engineering, University College Cork, IRELAND
 ID FAN
START PERMISSIVES FOR VFD CH-1

. VFD Source Breaker Not Disturbed AND

. VFD Source Breaker ON AND
. No VFD CH-1 Alarm Persisting AND
. VFD CH-1 Ready AND
. VFD CH-1 Start Permissive Available AND
. (VFD CH-2 ON) OR (Reg Damper Position Min(<2%)
AND Fan I/L & O/L Gates Closed) AND
. Fan Either LO P/P ON AND
contd…
8. Fan LO Press OK (>0.8 KSC) AND
9. LO Temp. after Cooler Not High (<75 °C) AND
10. Fan Motor Brg. Temp. Not High (<85°C) AND
11. Fan Brg temp. Not High (< 90°C ) AND
12. Fan Motor Winding Temp. Not High(<120 °C ) AND
13. Fan VFD Auxiliary Supply OK AND
14. FG path Available OR Other ID Fan ON AND
 ID FAN
PROTECTIONS FOR VFD CH-1

VFD CH-1 Fault Condition OR

Motor Brg. Temp V High (TD 5 sec) >90°C OR
Fan Brg Temp V High (TD 5 sec) >110°C OR
Motor/Fan Brg. Vib V High (TD 15 sec) >9 mm/sec OR
Post Purge Trip from FSSS OR
Both ID Fan ON AND FD Fan-A Tripped OR
Fan ON (>01 min) AND O/L Gates Closed OR
Fan ON (>01 min) AND I/L Gates Closed OR
VFD CH-2 Fault Condition