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What it does:
1. receives medical gases from a gas supply
2. controls the flow and reduces the pressure of desired gases to a safe
level
3. vaporizes volatile anesthetics into the final gas mixture
4. delivers the gases to a breathing circuit that is connected to the patient’s
airway
ANESTHESIA MACHINE
Functions:
1. to deliver oxygen to a patient (Everything about an anesthesia
machine is built around the purpose of delivering oxygen to a
patient. All the fail-safe systems of a machine concern the
prevention of the delivery of a hypoxic mixture, not the delivery of
anesthetic agents)
2. to provide a means of positive-pressure ventilation (means of being
able to force oxygen into a patient because apnea is a major effect
of anesthetics)
3. to deliver inhalational anesthetic agents to a patient
ANESTHESIA MACHINE
Safety features:
• linkage of the nitrous oxide gas flow to the oxygen gas flow helps
ensure a minimum oxygen concentration of 25%
• All modern vaporizers are agent specific and temperature
corrected, capable of delivering a constant concentration of
agent regardless of temperature changes or flow through the
vaporizer
• Pressure relief valves
• Color coded cylinders
• Pressure regulator
Required components of an anesthesia workstation
1. Battery backup for 30 minutes
2. Alarms
• Grouped into high, medium, and low priority
• High priority alarms may not be silenced for more than 2 minutes
• Certain alarms and monitors must be automatically enabled and
functioning prior to use, either through turning the machine on, or by
following the pre-use checklist: breathing circuit pressure, oxygen
concentration, exhaled volume or carbon dioxide (or both)
• A high-priority pressure alarm must sound if:
*user-adjustable limits are exceeded
*continuing high pressure is sensed
*negative pressure is sensed
Required components of an anesthesia workstation
3. Required monitors for:
• Exhaled volume
• Inspired oxygen: with a high priority alarm within 30 seconds of oxygen
falling below 18% (or a user-adjustable limit)
• Oxygen supply failure alarm
• A hypoxic guard system must protect against less than 21% inspired
oxygen if nitrous oxide is in use
• Anesthetic vapor concentration
• Pulse oximetry
• blood pressure monitoring
• EKG
Required components of an anesthesia workstation
4. at least one oxygen cylinder attached
5. Hanger yoke:
• must be pin-indexed, have a clamping device that resists leaks, and contain a
filter
• must have a check valve to prevent transfilling, a cylinder pressure gauge and
cylinder pressure regulators
6. Flowmeters:
• Single control for each gas
• Each flow control next to a flow indicator
• Uniquely shaped oxygen flow control knob
• Valve stops (or some other mechanism) are required such that excessive rotation
will not damage the flowmeter.
• An auxiliary oxygen flowmeter is strongly recommended
Required components of an anesthesia workstation
7. Vaporizers
• Concentration-calibrated
• An interlock must be present
• Liquid level indicated, designed to prevent overfilling
• No discharge of liquid anesthetic occurs from the vaporizer even at
maximum fresh gas flow
8. Only one common gas outlet at 22 mm outer diameter, 15 mm inner
diameter, which is designed to prevent accidental disconnection
9. Pipeline gas supply with Pipeline pressure gauge and inlets for at least
oxygen and nitrous oxide
10.Checklist must be provided (electronic or manual)
System Components
A. Electrical Components:
1. Master Switch: activates both pneumatic & electrical functions
System Components
A. Electrical Components:
2. Power Failure Indicator: audible & visible
3. Reserve Power: rechargeable and dual supply
4. Electrical Outlets: to power monitors, does not provide
electricity during power failure
5. Circuit Breakers: when activated, electrical load should be
reduced before resetting the circuit breaker
System Components
A. Electrical Components:
6. Data Communication Ports:
communication between the
machine, monitors and the
data management system
System Components
B. Pneumatic System:
1. High pressure circuit (gas cylinders on the back of the
machine)
2. Medium pressure circuit (receives gases at low, relatively
constant pressures: gases from the pipeline or wall source)
3. Low pressure circuit (flowmeters)
High pressure circuit
-Receives gases from cylinders at high, variable
pressures and reduces those pressures to lower,
more constant pressure suitable for use in the
machine
COMPONENTS:
• Hanger yoke assembly
• Cylinder pressure gauge
• Pressure reducing device
High pressure circuit: Hanger yoke
-orients and supports the
cylinder
-provides a tight seal and
ensures unidirectional gas
flow
-there must be one yoke each
for oxygen and nitrous oxide
High pressure circuit: Cylinder pressure gauge
displays the cylinder pressure for each gas supplied
by cylinders
High pressure circuit: Pressure reducing device
/Pressure regulators
bellow
vaporizer
Scavenging
system
Soda lime
Types of anesthesia machine:
• Intermittent
-gas flows only during
inspiration
-operate on demand
system
-used in: obstetric and
dental analgesia, OPD
diagnostic procedures
Ex. Entonox apparatus,
Mackenssons apparatus
Types of anesthesia machine:
• Continuous
-gas flows both
during
inspiration and
expiration
Ex. Boyle
machine,
Forregar,
Draeger
Post test: