ARTISTIC MOVEMENTS

Avant-garde movements and surrealism

VISUAL ARTS MOVEMENTS
Video
A timeline of visual art movements – YouTube

Google Arts and culture - Interactive inquire

• https://artsandculture.google.com/category/art-movement
 ART MOVEMENTS’ TIMELINE

• https://www.theartstory.org/section-movements-timeline.htm

• https://www.theartstory.org/movements/
Avant-garde movements
• Characteristics of the avant-garde movements
• During the 19th century, advances in photography were implemented as an art and, specifically, in 1895, the invention of cinema took place. These two new ways of
representing reality affected the fine arts and gave them a new perspective to interpret the world. This amalgamation of changes defined certain characteristics in the
avant-garde movements that we could summarize in the following points:
• Freedom in the way of expressing your art.
• Exploration of new aesthetics.
• Revolutionary charge in his speech.
• Uses of the irrational, the oneiric and emotional

Videos
What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0hQydmGdYA
Readings
AVANT-GARDE
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/a/avant-garde
Artists and art works
The Important Artists and Works of Avant-Garde Art
https://www.theartstory.org/definition/avant-garde/artworks/
How many avant-garde movements are there?

• The avant-gardes are usually divided into two periods (the first wave
• and the second wave); however, on this occasion we will present them
according to their type, that is, grouped by the art they used. In this
way , there are three main types of avant-garde :
• 1) interdisciplinary, which used painting and literature; 
• 2) the artistic ones, which used only the plastic arts; 
• 3) the literary , which developed narratively.
INTERDISCIPLINARY vanguards

• Within this first group that used both literature, including poetry, drama and narrative, as well as
the plastic arts, we find three main avant-garde subtypes:
• Futurism: belonging to the first wave, it was conceived between 1909 and 1944 in Italy. Its
pioneer was the poet and writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti who wrote the Manifesto of
Futurism . From there we can rescue the maxims of this type of avant-garde that concentrated on
expressing the speed, dynamism, sensuality and technological evolution of the society of its time.
• Dadaism: It was created during the First World War in Europe. With the ideological influence of
anarchism, the rejection of the sociopolitical order established by the bourgeoisie and using the
concept of the absurd, he built his aesthetics. The critique of Dadaism focuses on the way
capitalism has commodified art and its creators.
• Surrealism: with exponents in literature such as Salvador Dalí and in literature such as André
Breton, it is the avant-garde movement of the dreamlike. By mixing reflections on the unconscious
with its aesthetics, Surrealism rethinks time, the mind, emotions and the use of creativity.
ARTISTIC Vanguards

• Although they have been varied, some of the main avant-garde movements that
exclusively used plastic art could be listed as follows:
• Cubism: between 1900 and 1910 emerges as a new look at a chaotic world full of
conflicts. With a touch of gray and with the intention of representing reality as a collage,
painters like Pablo Picasso gave name to this avant-garde of the first wave with their art.
• Abstract Expressionism: as part of the second wave, it was created in 1940 in the
United States. With the use of oil and abstraction they sought to escape from the
conventional ways of making art. One of the main exponents of it was Jackson Pollock
with his "drip" technique.
• Pop art: emerged in the United Kingdom and the United States in the second half of the
twentieth century. From the goods of the market, advertising and comic aesthetics, he
used images that sought to criticize mass production and the consumer society.
Literary vanguards

• Creationism: It was a particularly Hispanic-American movement

initiated by Vicente Huidobro , a Chilean poet. Unlike surrealism,
creationism validates human reason within poetic writing. In the same
way, he considered that writing should be of absolute freedom and
acquired his maximum creation in poetry.
• Ultraism: born in 1918 with Rafael Cansinos Assens in Spain. In
Latin America, Jorge Luis Borges was its greatest exponent in
Argentine literature. He was characterized by using metaphor, prose
and avoiding sentimentality.
Surrealism
Videos
• The case of surrealism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtPBOwE0Qn0

• Ideas Behind surrealism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bP2JS4vDvNc

• Surrealist Women
https://www.moma.org/magazine/articles/457