Unit 2 Engineering Design

Engineering Exploration
Session III
Topic Learning Outcomes
1. Explain engineering design process.
2. Formulate problem definition for the need statement .
3. Identify multi-disciplinary facet of design.
4. Identify sub-systems and functions of a system.
5. Select best alternative out of generated design alternatives.
6. Test the solution/system for the given criteria.
 Content
• Engineering Design Process,
• Importance of analysis in engineering design,
• General analysis procedure,
• Multidisciplinary facet of design,
• Mechatronics system design,
• 12V DC power supply design,
• Conversion of Electrical to Mechanical Energy
 Engineering Design Process
Problem Definition
clarify objectives
Need Statement establish user requirements
identify constraints
establish functions

establish design specifications

Conceptual design
generate alternatives

test and analyze design

evaluate design Detailed Design
Drawing Circuit Diagrams,
Flowcharts

Test
Drawing of Subsystem
Required electric circuit
diagram
Required flowchart Plan Build Fabricate
Bill of Material Prototype
Testing Plan
• Develop a Problem Statement
– The first step in the problem-solving process, is to formulate the
problem in clear and unambiguous terms.
• Example
1. Design a Better mousetrap”
– not an adequate problem definition
– expresses a vague dissatisfaction with existing mousetraps
2. Design a mousetrap that sprays the trapped mouse with
disinfectant.“
– This statement is clear and specific, but it is also too narrow. It
excludes many potentially innovative solutions.
– A problem statement should be concise and flexible enough to
allow for creative solutions.
“A Better Mousetrap: Certain rodents such as the common mouse
are carriers and transmitters of an often fatal virus, the Hantavirus.
Conventional mousetraps expose people to this virus as they
handle the trap and dispose of the mouse. Design a mousetrap
that allows a person to trap and dispose of a mouse without being
exposed to any bacterial or viral agents being carried on the
mouse.”

Establish Criteria for Success

Criteria for success are the specifications a design solution must meet or
the attributes it must possess to be considered successful.
– The design must be low cost.
– The design should be safe, particularly with small children.
– The design should not be detrimental to the environment.
– The design should be aesthetically pleasing.
– The design should be simple to operate, with minimum human
effort.
– The design must be disposable (you don't reuse the trap).
– The design should not cause undue pain and suffering for the
mouse.
 Activity
Exercise Activity - Problem Definition
• Need Statements to be discussed in team by
supervisor (10 mins)
• Write the Problem Statements for the given
Need Statement (20 mins)
 Analyze and Selection of solution
After the various solutions are generated, engineer need to analyze
those solution on the various parameters and then decide the best
solution among them.
Each alternative solution has to be tested on following parameters :
• Functional analysis
• Industrial design/ergonomics
• Mechanical/strength analysis
• Electrical/Electromagnetic
• Manufacturability
• Product safety and liability
• Economy and market analysis
• Regulatory and compliance
Example: Aluminum Can Crusher.
– Design a simple device to crush aluminum cans
– Four solutions
– Six criteria for evaluation
• Safety: 30 percent (30 points)
• Ease of use: 20 percent (20 points)
• Portability: 20 percent (20 points)
• Durability and strength:10 percent (10 points)
• Use of standard parts:10 percent (10 points)
• Cost:10 percent (10 points)
Four Solutions
 Rating Factor for Decision Matrix
• The rating factor R is assigned according to the
following scale:
• Excellent= 9-10
• Good= 7-8
• Fair= 5-6
• Poor= 3-4
• Unsatisfactory= 0-2
 Decision matrix
Criteria Weight Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Design 4

Safety 30% 2 9 2 9
(R* weight) 60 270 60 270
Ease of Use 20% 8 9 6 9
(R* weight) 160 180 120 180
Portability 20% 5 3 2 8
(R* weight) 100 60 40 160
Durability 10% 8 8 6 8
(R* weight) 80 80 60 80
Standard parts 10% 7 7 8 8
(R* weight) 70 70 80 80
Cost (R* 10% 6 5 7 8
weight) 60 50 70 80
Total 100 530 710 430 850
 Activity
Group Size: 2 Time: #20 min
• Select the best bike design for your need.
• Establish the criterions for evaluation of best
design.
• Decide the rating scale R for each criteria.
• Prepare a decision matrix and share the
solution with your peers.
 Decision Matrix
Criteria Weight Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Design 4

Criteria 1
(R* weight)
Criteria 2
(R* weight)
Criteria 3
(R* weight)
Criteria 4
(R* weight)
Criteria 5
(R* weight)
Criteria 6
(R* weight)
Total 100