Main Aircraft Parts

Kevin Pulido Diaz

Diego Posada
Lui Sierra

TLA 3CM
• FRAMEWORK CHARACTERISTICS:
The construction of aircraft fuselages has evolved from early wood truss structures, to
monocoque shell structures, to the current semimonocoque shell structures.
• DISADVANTAGE:
The main drawback of a truss structure
is its lack of a streamlined shape. In
this construction method, lengths of
tubing, called longerons, are welded
in place to form a well-braced frame.
 ADVANTAGE:
As technology progressed,
aircraft designers began to
enclose the truss members to
streamline the airplane and
improve performance. This was
originally accomplished with
cloth fabric, and then evolved to
lightweight metals such as
aluminum.
MONOCOQUE CHARATERISTICS:
Most modern aircraft use a form of this stressed skin structure known as monocoque or
semimonocoque construction,Monocoque construction uses stressed skin to support
almost all aerodynamic loads.
• DISAVENTAGE:
Although very strong, monocoque
construction is not highly tolerant
to deformation of the surface. For
example, an aluminum beverage
can supports considerable forces at
the ends of the can, but if the side of
the can is deformed slightly while
supporting a load, it collapses
easily.
• AVENTAGE:
Because most twisting and bending
stresses are handled by the external
skin rather than by an internal
framework, the need for internal
bracing was eliminated or reduced,
saving weight and maximizing
space.
• SEMIMONOCOQUE CHARACTERISTICS:
Semimonocoque construction, partial or one-half, uses a substructure to which the
airplane’s skin is attached. The substructure, which consists of bulkheads or formers of
various sizes and stringers, reinforces the skin by supporting some of the bending stress
from the fuselage.
• DISVANTAGE:
This type of structure is not very
widespread among "home builders",
who prefer reticular and monocoque
structures, since it does not require
many construction elements like the
semi-monocoque, which would also be
economically disadvantageous in
terms of small production.

wing semimonocoque
• AVANTAGE:
Composite is a broad term and
can mean materials such as
fiberglass, carbon fiber cloth,
Kevlar cloth, and mixtures of all
of the above.
Composite construction offers two
advantages: extremely smooth
skins and the ability to easily form
complex curved or streamlined
structures.
CHARACTERISTICS WINGS:
Aerodynamic surface, the main source of an aircraft's lift. The lift generated by the movement of
the wing through the air is what sustains the aircraft.
FUNCTIONS:
The wing serves several functions in addition to
providing lift. In larger aircraft, the engines are
installed in nacelles attached to or mounted on the
wing. The nacelles may also serve to house the landing
gear when the landing gear is retracted. The empty
space inside the wing is generally used to store fuel.

MATERIAL:
Today, aluminum alloy outer skins are primary
structural elements in all commercial transports, as
well as in most military vessels. Magnesium, steel and
titanium are also used in the main internal structure.

PARTS:
*Leading edge structure
*Trailing edge structure
*Wing to fuselage structure
WING CANTILIEVER:
Wing without uprights or other
external support elements from
its attachment to the fuselage to
its end, achieving its fixation to
the fuselage by means of internal
structural elements, being used
by most commercial aircrafts.
BIPLANE:
a fixed-wing aircraft. It consists of two groups
of wings of similar wingspan, mounted one on
top of the other. An exception is the
sesquiplane, whose lower wing is significantly
smaller than the upper wing. The name biplane
should not be confused with the tandem wing
configuration, in which there are two pairs of
wings separated horizontally.

These pairs of wings are not structurally

strong, so they need vertical supports to help
support the compressive forces and diagonal
suspenders to support the tensile forces.
MONOPLANO: is an aircraft that consists of
only one wing that provides sufficient lift for
flight, unlike biplanes, triplanes and tetraplanes.
The main difference between the different types
of monoplanes is the way the wings are attached
to the fuselage:

*Low wing
*Medium wing
*Shoulder-wing
*High wing
*Parasol