Oleh

Dr. Asti Melani Astari, SKp., M.Kep.,

Sp.Kep.Mat.
Metpen PSMK UB/ASTI 1
 Quantitative Qualitative
Internal validity Credibility
External validity Transferability
Reliability Dependability
Objectivity Confirmability

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 T
Validity Reliability R
U
Credibility Trustworthiness S
T
Consistency
Neutrality Dependability
W
Internal
O
R
External Applicability
T
Confirmability
Transferability H
I
Dependability
N
E
Validity
Reliability S
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 The extent to which interpretations can be
validated as true, correct, and dependable
 Is the study believable from the perspective of those
observed,does it ring true to the people studied?
 Is the data complete?
 Some argue one can never truly discover the reality
of a situation and should look for what’s credible
instead.
 Validity is relative
 Humans are closer to the truth than if a data
collection instrument had been interjected between us and
the participants
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 Use triangulation to overcome inherent flaws
 data
 investigator
 interdisciplinary
 Theory

 Have adequate engagement in data collection, a.k.a,

saturation
 Holistic
 Look for data that supports alternate explanations

 Employ reflexivity
Reflexivity: the process of reflecting critically upon the self
as the researcher, the “human instrument”

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Degree to which the results can be applied to
other settings/situations
•Researcher supplies thick
•(detailed) descriptions
•Pays careful attention to the sample
“In qualitative research, a singe case or small,
nonrandom, purposeful sample is selected precisely
because the researcher wishes to understand the
particular in depth, not to find out what is generally true
of the many.” (Merriam, 2009, 224)
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 Concerned with whether or not the findings can
be duplicated/repeated
 Describes changes in the setting and how those
changes affected the research

 Difficult because human behavior is constantly

changing
 many interpretations
 no benchmarks or static means of
measurements
 similarity of answers does not ensure accuracy
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 More important to ask if whether the results are
consistent with the data collected
 Strategies to help with dependability:
- triangulation
- peer examination
- investigator’s position
- audit trail

Audit trail: independent readers can authenticate

the findings of a study by following the trail of
the researcher
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 The degree to which the results can be
corroborated by others
 Results should be well-reasoned
 The results of the study vs. the researcher’s
bias?

 One concern is reactivity

 How the act of observation changes a situation

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1. Are the methods of research appropriate to the
nature of the question being asked?
2. Is the connection to an existing body of
knowledge or theory clear?
3. Are there clear accounts of the criteria used for
the selection of cases for study and of the data
collection and analysis?
4. Does the sensitivity of the methods match the
needs of the research question?
5. Were the data collection and record keeping
systematic?
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6. Is reference made to accepted procedures for
analysis?
7. How systematic is the analysis?
8. Is there adequate discussion of how themes,
concepts and categories were derived from the
data?
9. Is there adequate discussion of the evidence for
and against the researcher’s arguments?
10. Is a clear distinction made between the data and
their interpretation?

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 Komite Etik  Pengumpulan data
 Tinjauan Pustaka  Data mentah
 Kerangka Teori  Persiapan analisis data
 Penyusunan panduan  Coding /analisis data
pengumpulan data  Trustworthiness
 Pemilihan informan  Laporan penelitian
penelitian

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Reliability and validity are conceptualized as trustworthiness,
rigor and quality in qualitative paradigm. It is also through this
association that the way to achieve validity and reliability of a
research get affected from the qualitative researchers’
perspectives which are to eliminate bias and increase the
researcher’s truthfulness of a proposition about some social
phenomenon (Denzin, 1978) using triangulation. Then
triangulation is defined to be “a validity procedure where
researchers search for convergence among multiple and
different sources of information to form themes or categories
in a study” (Creswell & Miller, 2000, p. 126).

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Jelaskan secara singkat perbedaan prinsip
validitas & reliabilitas pada penelitian kualitatif
dengan kuantitatif !!!

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