Data Collection and

Presentation
PART 2
Still John F. Reyes
 Methods of Data Presentation
Data can be presented in the ff. forms:
1. Textual Method/Form – A narrative
description of the data gathered.
2. Tabular Method/Form – A systematic
arrangement of information into columns
and rows.
3. Graphical Method/Form – An
illustrative description of the data
through graphs and diagrams.
Tabular Form of Data Presentation
Parts of a Statistical Table
1. Table Heading – includes the table
number and the title of the table.
2. Body – main part of the table that contains
the information or figures.
3. Stubs or Classes – classifications or
categories describing the data and usually
found at the left most side of the table.
4. Caption – designation or identifications of
the information contained in a column,
usually found at the top most of the
column.
 Tabular Form of Data Presentation
TABLE 1: Frequency Distribution of Staff
Perception of the Leadership Behavior of
the Administrator
Perception of Frequency TABLE
CAPTION
Leadership Behavior HEADING
Strongly Favorable 10
Favorable 11
Slightly Favorable 12
Slightly Unfavorable 14
Unfavorable 22
Strongly Unfavorable 31
TOTAL 100

BODY
STUBS/CLASSES
 Graphical Presentation of Data
• A graph or a chart is a device for showing
numerical values or relationships in pictorial
form.
Advantages:
1. Main features and implications of a body of
data can be seen at once.
2. Can attract attention and hold the reader’s
interest.
3. Simplifies concepts that would otherwise
have been expressed in so many words.
4. Can readily clarify data, frequently bring
out hidden facts and relationships.
 Graphical Presentation of Data
Qualities of a Good Graph
1. It is accurate – a good graph should not
be deceptive, distorted, misleading, or in
any way susceptible to wrong
interpretations as a result of inaccurate or
careless construction.
2. It is clear – an effective graph can be
easily read and understood. The graph
should focus on the message it is trying to
communicate. The graph must be able to
aid the reader in the interpretation of
facts.
 Graphical Presentation of Data
Qualities of a Good Graph
3. It is simple – the basic design of a
statistical graph should be simple,
straightforward, not loaded with irrelevant,
or trivial symbols and ornamentation. There
should be no distracting elements in a chart
that inhibit effective visual communication.
4. It has a good appearance – a good graph
is one that is designed and constructed to
attract or catch attention by holding a neat,
dignified and professional appearance.
 Graphical Presentation of Data
Type Nature of the Variable Function
Bar Graph Discrete For multiple responses
1. Horizontal or overlapping
2. Vertical categories.

Line Chart Discrete To show a trend over a

period of time.
Pie/Circle Graph Categorical To show the
component parts of a
whole/ for mutually
exclusive categories.
Pictograph Continuous/Discrete To show a more vivid
picture of the data.
Scatterpoint Diagram Continuous To show roughly if
relationship exists
between two variables.
Horizontal Bar Graph
Vertical Bar Graph
Line Chart
Line Chart
Pie/Circle Graph
Pictograph
Scatterpoint Diagram
Scatterpoint Diagram