ANATOMY OF

THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

M. Mansyur Romi
Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari
Department of Anatomy, Embriology & Antropology
Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 Consists of :
 The internal genitalia
 Within the lesser pelvis

 The external genitalia

 In front of and below the pubic arch
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 THE INTERNAL ORGANS
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
OVARIES
 Paired
 Homologous with testis
 Attached to broad ligament by
mesovarium
 Anchored to uterus by ovarian ligament
 Attached to pelvic wall by suspensory
ligament
Anterior view of the female internal genital organs.
Note anastomosis between the ovarian and uterine
arteries and between the vaginal branch of uterine
artery and vaginal artery. These communication
occur between the layers of the broad ligament
OVARIES
 Ovarian follicles
 Primordial follicles
 Primary follicle
 Secondary (antral) follicle
 Tertiary follicle
 Atretic follicles
OVARIES
 The numbers of human oocyte
At 5 months gestation  7 millions
At birth  1 million
Puberty  40.000
 Of the 40.000 oocytes remaining at
puberty only about 400 undergo
ovulation during the reproductive years
UTERINE TUBES
Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes
 10 - 12.5 cm long,
 Is divisible into 4 parts, from lateral to
medial :
Fimbriated end (infundibulum) (3mm)
ampulla (widest, 1cm, fertilization)
Isthmus (narrow lumen 0,1- 0,5 mm)
intrauterine or intramural portion
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF
THE UTERINE TUBES
 Endoscopy
Hysteroscopy
Salpingoscopy
 Salpingography & hysterosalpingography
 Tubal inflamation
Pyosalphinx
Hydrosalphinx
 Tubal pregnancy
UTERUS
 Hallow, thick-walled & muscular organ
 In the lesser pelvic
 Between urinary bladder & rectum
 Size in adult non-pregnant
7,5 cm long
5,5 cm in breadth at its widest
2,5 cm thick
DIVISION OF THE UTERUS
 Uterine body (corpus uteri)
 Uterine cavity
 Cervix (cervix uteri)
 Cervical canal
UTERUS
 UTERINE POSITION
 Anteversion : between axes of vagina
and cervix
 Anteflexion : between the cervix and
corpus uteri
UTERINE LIGAMENTS
 Broad ligament:
 attaches to either side of pelvic cavity
 Uterosacral ligament:
 connect to sacrum
 Cardinal (lateral) ligaments:
 between pelvic wall and cervix – vagina
 Round ligaments:
 extends to external genital
 VAGINA
Female copulatory organ
Fibromuscular tube lined by non-keratinized
stratified epithelium
vestibule (cleft between the labia minora) to
uterus
7.5 - 10 cm long
Folding as rugae
Fornices:
Annular recess between the cervix and
vagina
posterior fornix: the deepest
THE EXTERNAL ORGANS
Mons pubis
Labia majora pudendi
Labia minora pudendi
vestibule
Clitoris
THE EXTERNAL ORGANS
vaginal orifice (introitus)
Hymen vaginae
external urethral orifice (urinary meatus)
Bulbs of the vestibule
Greater vestibular glands (glands of
bartholin)