HANGUL

1. WHAT IS HANGUL ?

Hangul is the writing system of the korean language. Hangul is made up of consonants

and vowels, making it an alphabet with a total of 24 letters. It is the official writing
system in south Korea and north korea , the vowels are divided into two groups the first
one is simple consonant and the other is known as complex vowel .

2. Who developed hangul ?

The Hangul system was developed by Sejong, fourth king of the Chosŏn dynasty, in 1443
to improve literacy. In 1446 Hangul was made the official writing system of Korea. 
 3. How are Hangul letters assembled
into words?
 Hangul letters are assembled into syllabic blocks that consist of at least one
consonant and one vowel. This differs from other East Asian writing systems
such as Chinese 

EXAMPLE – 나
In the above example L is a consonant which is pronounced as
(n) and ㅏ is a vowel pronounced as (a)
Which together is called NA meaning ME .
 CONSONANTS

In hangul consonants consist of 19 letters which is

divided into two parts the first one is called single
consonant with 14 consonant and the other is
called double consonants with 5 consonant . When
a consonant comes under a word it the consonant
is then known as FINAL CONSONANT . With respect
to this the change in pronunciation occurs .
Let us see what is consonant and its pronunciation
 SINGLE CONSONANT

Hangu
ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
l

-/
roman g/k n d r/l m b s j ch k t p h
ng
 DOUBLE CONSONANT

Hangul ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ

gg / bb /
Roman tt ss jj
kk pp
 Batchim
When a syllable block ends with a consonant and the next block start with a
consonant, it changes the sound.
 VOWELS

 Vowels in hangul is divided into two parts the simple and complex vowels.
 Simple vowels are 10 and complex vowels are 11 which together makes 21
vowels in hangul
 Some simple vowels are always placed beside a vowel in C/V format and some
are placed under in C
F format
V
 In hangul verb does not end with vowel
 SIMPLE VOWEL

ㅏ a ㅑ ya

ㅓ eo ㅕ yeo

ㅗ o ㅛ yo

ㅜ u ㅠ yu

ㅣ i ㅡ eu
 Few steps to understand
Here are some simple tips for you to pronounce these vowels like
a native:
ㅓ vs ㅏ
ㅏ (a) is pronounced like “ah” in English.
ㅓ (eo) is pronounced like “u” in “cup”, or “o” in “love”
ㅗ vs ㅜ
ㅗ (o) is pronounced like “o” in “story”,
ㅜ (u) is pronounced like “oo” in “boots”.

For example:
아이 (ai) child
오이 (oi)cucumber
 Complex vowel
 Complex Vowel is made up of two basic vowel.
 There are 11 complex vowel

ㅐ ae ㅔ e

ㅒ yae ㅖ ye
 

ㅘ wa ㅚ oe

ㅙ wae ㅝ wo

ㅟ wi ㅞ we

ㅢ ui
 Here are two groups of vowels that have the same pronunciation.
ㅒ and ㅖ
ㅙ , ㅚ , and ㅞ
 Verbs

1. 하다 (Hada) – “To Do” • 만나다 (mannada) – “To meet”

2. 있다 (Issda) – “To Be, There Is” • 살다 (salda) – “To live”
3. 지다 (Jida) – “To Become” • 생각하다 (saeng-gaghada) – “To think”
4. 말하다 (Malhada) – “To Say” • 주다 (juda) – “To give”
5. 오다 (Oda) – “To Come” • 받다 (badda) – “To receive”
6. 가다 (Kada) – “To Go” • 알다 (alda) – “To know”
7. 할수 있다 (Hal Su Issda) – “To Be Able • 만들다 (mandeulda) – “To make”
To Do” • 사용하다 (sayonghada) – “To use”
8. 보다 (Boda) – “To See” • 배우다 (baeuda) – “To learn”
9. 보내다 (Bonaeda) – “To Send” • 먹다 (meogada) – “To eat”
10.가지다 (Gajida) – “To Have” • 마시다 (masida) – “To
11.기다리다 (Gidalida) – “To Wait” drink”
쓰다 (Sseuda) – “To • 웃다 (udda) – “To laugh”
Write” • 읽다 (ilgda) – “To read”
 Now let us learn and look at some easy
and basic Korean words

1. Ne ( 네 ):  Yes
2. A-ni-yo ( 아니요 ):  No
3. A-ma-do ( 아마도 ):  Maybe
4. Mol-la-yo ( 몰라요 ):  I don't know
5. Eo-je ( 어제 ): Yesterday.
6. Oh-neul ( 오늘 ): Today.
7. Nae-il ( 내일 ): Tomorrow.
8. Ji-guem ( 지금 ): Right now.
9. Na-jung-eh ( 나중에 ): Later.
10. Eol-ma-ye-yo?( 얼마예요 ?): How much is it?