Solar Electric Vehicle

Fassih Mohammed

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Conventional cars
Internal combustion engines
• It has fuel tank which supplies
gasoline to fuel engine.
• Engine turns a transmission
which turns to
wheels
Internal combustion Engines
1. consume Resources 2. Heavy reliance on imports

Production shortages

Petroleum is expensive
3. Creates smog & Ozone in Big cities4. Emits pollution in the
Air
Why electric cars?
Why Electric Cars?
Fun, Fast, Clean & Efficient

• Electric cars are FUN!

• CLEAN AIR – zero emissions
• Electricity is readily available
• Electricity costs are stable and much lower
than gasoline
• Oil independence (national security)
• Save gas = save money
• Low maintenance
How Electric Cars?
Electric Vehicle Energy Lingo

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

• kWh is “how much” energy, similar to liters of gas.
• Kilo Meters per kWh, similar to Kilo Meters per liter.
• kW is “how fast”, similar to liter per minute.

kW =
kWh = how fast energy is
how much energy transferred
is used or stored
 Where to find electricity for Electric Cars?
Anywhere
Disadvantage
s
Types of
EV
1. Battery Electric Vehicles
fully-electric vehicles with rechargeable batteries and no gasoline engine.

2. Hybrid Electric Vehicle

combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an
electric propulsion system
3. Solar Power Car

Solar power cars are electric cars which are

powered by sun’s energy
How Does Solar Power
Car Works
Evolution of Solar Power cars

1993

1990 World Solar Challenge

2009

2001

Tübitak Formula-G
Project aim
• Aim of the project:
1. Using solar energy to enhance the
efficiency of the car so that we can drive it for a
longer time.
2. Sustainable movement by supplying battery with
electric energy while moving through PV
 ELECTRONIC & ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

A solar car composes of the following

• PV solar panels

• Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT)

• Battery and Battery Management Systems

• Motor and Electronic Motor Controller

 The Internal
Process Direct Current Motors.
to provide the power for propulsion
converts electric energy to
mechanical energy (motion) to drive
48V the electric vehicle.
battery

• Solar array voltage (i.e. voltage produced by the solar

array) must be equal to system voltage of the motor for
optimal working of motor. Generally, it is difficult to match
these voltages accurately due to random errors
• MPPTs allow the system to run as efficiently as possible by
sampling the output of the cells and apply the proper
resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given
environmental conditions.
 BATTERIES
The batteries store energy from the solar array and make them available for the motor’s
use. Batteries that are commonly used in solar cars are Lead-acid batteries, Li-ion batteries,
Ni-MH batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, Flooded-cell batteries and Gel-cell batteries.

Lead Acid Ni-Cd Battery Li-Ion Battery NiMH battery

•4 * 12 Volt @ 12Ah
•Series Connection
•Lead acid deep cycle
batteries
• Rechargeable
• Charging time 6-8 hours
Motor & Controller
• Efficiency of brushless DC motors is 95-98%.
• DC motors are cheaper than AC motors.
• Controller is an electronic device that controls the
amount of power delivered to electric motor
according to the signal from the potentiometer
connected to throttle pedal.
 PV specification :
• Supplies the baseline power required to the vehicle, recharges the
batteries

Series
we will get 4 PVs each one has the following
specification
Volt : Watt
16 10
4 x 16 = 64 Volt 4 x 10 = 40 Watt
 Length 1,150mm

Width 1,100mm

Height 1,600mm

Chassis weight 61 kg

Battery Weight 19 kg
General Specs
Loading Capacity 1driver

Estimated Range 2 km

Climbing Ability (with loading 20 degree

150KG)

Rating Output 1.0 kW

Battery Lead Acid

Battery Specs 48V12Ah

Brake Disk

Charging Time (0-100%) Recovered by 7 hours

(more)

Tire Size 3.25-6.25

procedures
1. we have charged the battery of the car till it become full ,
then we have estimated the distance which the car can be
used using those batteries.
2. we will make iron grid so we can put the PVs on it
3. we will fix it to the car using welding method
4. We will try to completely evacuate the batteries from
electricity.
5. we will leave the car in the sun so the batteries
become
full through using the new charging source " the sun
"
6. we will drive the car again so we can get the new distance
which the car can go with the solar panels
7. and then we will compare how the car will be affected
through using the solar energy instead of electric energy
Expected finishing date :
Maximum 3 weeks from this presentation day

Recommendations :
• we recommend to use high capacity motor
next time as the motor become much more
hot every short time and this forced us to
wait more than one time to cool it
OR
• we can make cooling system for the motor
 One day,solar car will be
irreplaceable