Introduction to

Database
Management system
Lecture-1
DATA and INFORMATION
• To understand what is database, first we need a brief understanding
of about DATA and INFORMATION

• DATA
Data: In simple words, data is raw, isolated facts about an entity or
an object which is stored in recorded form. For example, text, audio,
image, video etc.
• INFORMATION
Information: It is a processed, meaningful and usable data. 
DATA and INFORMATION
5 is a DATA or
INFORMATION?

a. DATA

b. INFORMATI
ON
“You can have data without
information, but you cannot have
information without data.” —
Daniel Keys Moran
DATABASE and DBMS

Database System

Database DBMS

Microsoft: SQL
Server, Oracle
Structured Unstructured
(9i,10g,11c,12i),
MySQL, IBM: DB2
DATABASE
• Companies have their own Database System.
• Structure Data: Database that can be stored in some particular
structure.
• Structure used for structured database is RDBMS.
• Unstructured Data: Database that has no particular structure to store
data
DBMS

• A lot of data is stored in Hard drives, but what to do with it?

• Users will fetch the data and will perform the operations: update, insert,
delete.

• To perform all these operations there must be a system- DBMS

DBMS provides operations using which users can easily perform

operations on data.
DATABASE and DBMS

• Database: It is a systematic collection of similar or related data. If the

data is not related, we cannot extract the relevant information from
it.
• Database makes data management easy.
• For example, video is data, but YouTube is a database.
• Image is data but Instagram is a database. (as a collection of related
data)
DATABASE and DBMS

• Database Management System: It is a program which enables the

user to create, manipulate and delete database.
• It is also used for controlled access to database.
Database Management System
   Why we need database management system?

Because there are disadvantages of using file system

 Data Inconsistency
Difficulty in accessing
Data Redundancy
data

Atomicity Problem Data Isolation

Concurrent access
Security Problems
anomalies
 a situation where there are multiple tables within a
database that deal with the same data but may receive it
from different inputs.
Data Inconsistency

If we have an address of someone in many tables and

when we change it in only one table and in another table it
may not be updated so there is the problem of data
inconsistency may occur.
Atomicity Atomicity is a feature of databases systems where
a transaction must be all-or-nothing.

That is, the transaction must either fully execute

and complete, or not execute at all.

It must not complete partially.

Data Isolation Database isolation refers to the ability of a database
to allow a transaction to execute as if there are no
other concurrently running transactions

when a customer uses your billing portal, they

are essentially creating a sub-account with the
same permissions as everyone else, but it exists
separately from the rest of the network
Operations on Database
•To add new information
• To view or retrieve the stored information
• To modify or edit the existing
• To remove or delete the unwanted information
• Arranging the information in a desired order etc.
Components of Database system
• There are five major components of database system
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Users
• Procedures
Applications of Database
• Banking: transactions 
• Railway: reservations and schedules
• Online retailing: order submit, order tracking, customized
recommendations etc.
• Manufacturing: Inventory, productions, etc.
 And so on
 • University Management System
(UMS) is an application of Database
• Yes
• No
QUIZ time