GROUND WATER

QUALITY ANALYSIS IN
BADULLA DISTRICT
P.D.N.M. ARIYADASA
PG/E/WE/2022/01

SUPERVISOR : PROF. K.G.N NANAYAKKARA

 • In Sri Lanka, About 80% of the rural domestic water supply needs are met from groundwater by
using dug wells and tube wells. (Panabokke & Perera,2005, Groundwater
Resources of Sri Lanka)
• Groundwater resources have been highly
vulnerable within the country due to
anthropogenic activities.

• Once groundwater aquifer gets

contaminated, it is very problematic and
hard to treat the water up to its original
quality.

• Therefore, Ground water quality analysis

is very important to overcome the above
problems and protect the ground water
for future.
Corporate Action Plans as at End Fourth Quarter 2020
(NWS&DB)
Aim and objectives
Aim
• The aim of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater water sources in Badulla district.

Objectives

• To develop a WQI for groundwater in Badulla district with respect to potable water quality
standards.

• To investigate the groundwater data using multivariate analytical methods and study the
relationship among parameters.

• To analyze the spatial variation of water quality parameters and WQI of groundwater over
the area.
METHODOLOGY

• Identifying the Study Area.

1

• Collecting Available Shallow Well Water quality data From the Study area
2

• Analysing The Water Quality Parameters

3

• Assess the Ground Water Quality

4
 1. Identifying the Study
Area

• Badulla is the 8th largest district of Sri

Lanka which covers 2861 km2.

• There are 16 DSDs including 567 GNDs

• It has a total population of around

837,000.
• Present water coverage of Badulla District

https://www.nwsdbbandarawela.lk

• Other than the 53% safe water coverage in Badulla district, others are mainly
depend on ground water sources and other surface water sources.
• According to the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of Health (2017), there is a high risk of
the spread of kidney disease in either all or a few of the Divisional Secretariats divisions of
eleven districts (out of 25 districts) of Sri Lanka.

• Even though the Badulla district has shown an in-creasing trend of kidney patients from 2016
to 2018, not much studies have been conducted previously. (Vithanage et al., 2021)
2. Collecting Available Shallow Well Water quality data From the
Study are
Parameter Method
Turbidity Turbidity meter
Physical
Colour Spectrophotometer
EC Electric conductivity meter
pH pH meter

Fluoride Iron Selective Electrode Method

Chloride Iron Selective Electrode Method

Chemical
Total hardness, Total Alkalinity Titration method

Total Iron Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

(AAS)
Manganese Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
(AAS)
TDS Digital Conductivity meter
Coliforms Membrane filter method
Biochemical
E Coli Membrane filtration
3. Analysing The Water Quality Parameters

• Screening the available data and select the most reliable data by using general
statistics.
• Identify the crucial parameters which has a significant tolerance with the
permissible levels according to SLS 614 : 2013 standards.
• Analyse the spatial variation of selected water quality parameters within the
study area.

• obtained data are to be analyzed using following softwares and methods.

• Arc GIS
• Microsoft Excel
• Google Earth Pro
• Statistical data analysis methods
4. Assess the Ground Water Quality
Developing A Water Quality Index
• Weighted Arithmetic Index method Is Used
𝑛
𝑊𝑄𝐼 = ∑ 𝑆𝐼 𝑖
𝑖 =0

• n - Number of chemical parameters measured in each well water sample.

𝑊 𝑖
𝑆𝐼 𝑖 =
𝑞𝑖

• SIi - Sub index of ith parameter

• Wi - Relative weight of ith parameter
 100 𝐶 𝑖
𝑞𝑖 =
𝑆𝑖

• qi - Quality rating.
• Ci - Concentration of each chemical parameter.
• Si - Sri Lankan drinking water standard for each chemical parameter.

• Wi - Relative weight of ith parameter

• wi - Weight assigned for each parameter

• According to the values obtained by WQI analysis, water quality is going to be

categorized into different categories as,
• Excellent
• Good water
• Poor water
• Very poor water
Multivariate statistical analyse.

• Investigate the water quality and relationships between parameters &

sampling sites will be studied by using multivariate statistical analysis
methods such as,
• Correlation Analysis (CA)
• Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
• Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA)

Spatial Analyse

• Spatial distribution maps of WQI values and each water quality parameter
will be developed using spatial interpolation tool of Arc GIS software.
 References
• Panabokke, C. R., & Perera, A. P. G. R. L. (2005). Groundwater Resources of Sri Lanka. Water Resources, 0–28.

• Wanasinghe W, Gunarathna M, Herath H, Jayasinghe G (2018) Drinking Water Quality on Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown
Aetiology (CKDu) In Ulagalla Cascade, Sri Lanka. Sabaragamuwa Univ J 16:17–27

• Adimalla N, Venkatayogi S (2017) Mechanism of Fluoride Enrichment in Groundwater of Hard Rock Aquifers in Medak, Telangana
State, South India. Environ Earth Sci 76:45

• Mahagamage, M., Chinthaka, S., & Manage, P. (2006). Assessment of Water Quality Index for Groundwater in The Kelani River Basin,
Sri Lanka. International Journal Of Agriculture And Environmental Research, 02(05)

• Sun, W., Xia, C., Xu, M., Guo, J., & Sun, G. (2016). Application of Modified Water Quality Indices as Indicators to Assess the Spatial and
Temporal Trends of Water Quality in The Dongjiang River. Ecological Indicators, 66, 306–312

• Uddin, M. G., Nash, S., & Olbert, A. I. (2021). A Review of Water Quality Index Models and Their Use for Assessing Surface Water
Quality. Ecological Indicators, 122, 107218

• Singh, K. P., Malik, A., Mohan, D., & Sinha, S. (2004). Multivariate Statistical Techniques for the Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal
Variations in Water Quality of Gomti River (India) - A Case Study. Water Research, 38(18), 3980–3992
Thank you..!