Raspberry Pi

and
Peripheral
Interfacing

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 What is a Raspberry
Pi?
 University of Cambridge‟s Computer Laboratory
 Survey Result: Decline in skill level
 Designed for education
 A credit card sized Personal Computer (PC)
 Low Cost - ~ $35 each
 Capability:
 Programming
 Electronic Projects
 Office
 Play HD Videos
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 Raspberry Pi Versions

 Latest Versions
 Raspberry Pi Model A+
 Raspberry Pi Zero W
 Raspberry Pi 4
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Basic
Architecture

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Raspberry Pi 3 Model
B/B+

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 Rpi Model B -
Specifications
 Processor : Broadcom BCM2837
 Version : 64bit , ARMv8, Quad Core
Cortex A53
 Speed : 1.2 GHz
 Memory : 1 GB
 Communications: WiFi, Bluetooth, Ethernet
 Media : HDMI Port, Audio Jack
 Input Rating : 5V, 2.5A

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Modern College
 OS
Installation
 Download the Required Software & Files
 Raspbian OS,
 7zip, SD Card Formatter,
 Win32 disk imager
 Unzip the file and install utilities
 Format the SD Card
 Write the OS disk image on the SD Card
 Put the microSD card in your Pi and boot up
 Finishing OS Setup.
 Configuring Raspberry Pi using raspi-config
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SD Card
Formatter

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 Win32 Disk
Imager
 Browse the .img file of OS that was
Raspbian extracted from
 downloaded file.of SD Card.
Select the drive
 Then click on Write.

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 Finishing OS

Setup
When you start your Raspberry Pi for the first time, the
Welcome to Raspberry Pi application will pop up and
guide you through the initial setup.
 Click Next to start the setup.

 Set your Country, Language, and Timezone, then

click Nextagain.
 Enter a new password for your Raspberry Pi
click Next. Your default credentials and
username pi and password raspberry. are
 Click Next let the wizard check for updates to Raspbian

and install them

 Note: you will only need to reboot if that‟s necessary to

complete an update.
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 Configuration of
Raspberry Pi
 The raspi-config tool helps you to configure
Raspberry Pi
 several settings can be changed with this tool
without having to know the correct
commands to use.
 It is written as a bash script, run in a terminal
window, and uses whiptail to create the
windows, menus and messages.
 Some changes require "administrator"
permissions
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 Raspi-Config : Menu
Driven
 Menu > Preferences > Raspberry Pi Configuration.
 Raspberry Pi Configuration window will be
displayed.

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 Raspi-Config : Command Driven
 Open Terminal and Give Command
 $ sudo raspi-config
 Raspberry Pi Configuration window will be displayed.

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 Remote Desktop Connection (1)
 Two Methods
 SSH : Command line Access
 VNC : Graphical Desktop Access
 VNC Connect Server from RealVNC is included with
Raspbian.
 Enable VNC Server is must before using it.
 SSH is also included with raspberry, user
must enable it before use.

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 Remote Desktop Connection (2)
 Install VNC Server (if not Present)
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install realvnc-vnc-server realvnc-vnc-viewer
 Enable VNC Server and SSH by Graphically
 Select Menu > Preferences > Raspberry Pi
Configuration > Interfaces.
 Ensure VNC is enabled.
 Enabling VNC Server and SSH at
Command Line
 sudo raspi-config
 Navigate to Interfacing Options
 Scroll down, select VNC > Yes, select SSH
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 Getting IP Address of
Rpi
 In order to connect to Raspberry Pi from another
machine using SSH or VNC, you need to know
the Pi's IP address.
 Run the ifconfig command
 sudo ifconfig
 This gives complete list of IP address
 Alternate option to use hostname –I
 $ hostname –I
 This gives IP address of active connection
 Third option
 $ ping raspberrypi.local
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 Remote connection using VNC
 On Remote Device
 Install VNC Viewer
 Open the VNC
Viewer
 Enter RPI‟s IP
address

 Both Raspberry Pi and Remote Device

must be in same network or connected
to same router
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 Remote connection using VNC
 Once the correct IP address entered,
 Give Login user name and Password
 Once the login and password matched, VNC
viewer shows the desktop of Raspberry Pi

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 Remote Connection using SSH
 On Remote Device
 Install Putty
 Open the Putty


Select SSH
as Connection
type
 Enter

Raspberry Pi's
 IP address
 Port

 Both Raspberry Pi and Remote Device must be

in same network or connected to same router
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 Remote Connection
using SSH
 Once the correct IP address entered,
 Give Login user name and Password
 Below window appears if login and password
matched.

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 Raspberry Pi -
GPIO
 A powerful feature of the Raspberry Pi is the
row of GPIO (general-purpose input/output)
pins along the top edge of the board.
 A 40-pin GPIO header is found on all current
Raspberry Pi boards.
 Any of the GPIO pins can be designated (in
software) as an input or output pin and used
for a wide range of purposes.

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Raspberry Pi -
GPIO

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 GPIO Numbering
Systems
 Raspberry Pi pins are numbered in two different
ways
 Physical numbering (BOARD)
 Broadcom numbering (BCM).

 In the first case, the pins are numbered

sequentially from one to 40. In the figure, this is
shown as Pin#.
 The Broadcom numbering system is the default
option for the SoC (System-on-Chip). This is also
known as GPIO numbering and is shown as
GPIO# in the figure.
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GPIO Numbering
Systems

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 Python Package for
GPIO
 The Python package used for Raspberry Pi
GPIO programming is RPi.GPIO.
 The package can be installed by using the
following command:
sudo apt-get install rpi.gpio

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 Programming with GPIO
(1)
 Step 1 : Import the RPi.GPIO
package. (import Rpi.GPIO as
GPIO)
 Step 2 : Set the numbering style to be
used. We use the method GPIO.setmode()
for this. It takes either GPIO.BOARD or
GPIO.BCM as the parameter.
 GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BOARD) stands for
physical numbering.
 GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM) stands for
Broadcom numbering. Modern College
 Programming with GPIO
(2)
 Step 3 : Set up the necessary input and
output pins. The setup is used for the same.

 To set up as output :
 GPIO.setup(Pin No., GPIO.OUT)

 To setup as input :
 GPIO.setup(Pin No., GPIO.IN)

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 Programming with GPIO
(3)
 Step 4 : Read inputs and give outputs. The
output and input functions are used for the
same.
 For output :
 GPIO.output(13,True)
 For reading Pin :
 value = GPIO.input(13)

 Step 5 : Clean up GPIO and exit using

function GPIO.cleanup()
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 EXAMPLE: LED Test
(1)as GPIO
import RPi.GPIO
import time
LED = 5
GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.cleanup()
GPIO.setup(LED, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(LED, GPIO.LOW)

def blink():
GPIO.output(LED,
GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(1)
GPIO.output(LED, GPIO.LOW)
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 EXAMPLE: LED Test
(2)
def destroy():
GPIO.output(LED, GPIO.LOW)
GPIO.cleanup()

if name == ' main ':

try:
while True:
blink()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
destroy()
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 LCD Interfacing
(1)
Pin No. Symbol Function
1 Vss Power supply (GND)
2 Vcc Power supply (+5V)
3 Vee Contrast adjust
4 RS 0 = Instruction input, 1 = Data input
5 R/W 0 = Write to LCD, 1 = Read from LCD
6 E Enable signal
7 DB0 Data bus line 0 (LSB)
8 DB1 Data bus line 1
9 DB2 Data bus line 2
10 DB3 Data bus line 3
11 DB4 Data bus line 4
12 DB5 Data bus line 5
13 DB6 Data bus line 6
14 DB7 Data bus line 7 (MSB)
15 VB+ Backlight Supply (+Ve)
16 VB- Backlight Supply (-Ve)

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LCD Timing
Diagram

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 Adafruit Library for
LCD
1. Install Git
• sudo apt-get install git-core
2. Download the library:
git clone git://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_CharLCD
3. Change directories with:
• cd Adafruit_Python_CharLCD
4. Install essential packages for LCD library:
• sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev
5. Then install the library with:
• sudo python3 setup.py install
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 Use of Adafruit LCD Library (1)
 Call Adafruit LCD package
 import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD

 # Raspberry Pi pin configuration:

 lcd_rs = 5 #RS of LCD is connected to GPIO 5 on PI
 lcd_en = 6 #EN of LCD is connected to GPIO 6 on PI
 lcd_d4 = 12 #D4 of LCD is connected to GPIO 12 on PI
 lcd_d5 = 13 #D5 of LCD is connected to GPIO 13 on PI
 lcd_d6 = 16 #D6 of LCD is connected to GPIO 16 on PI
 lcd_d7 = 18 #D7 of LCD is connected to GPIO 17 on PI
 lcd_backlight = 0 #LED is not connected so assign
to 0
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 Use of Adafruit LCD Library(2)
 Define LCD column and row size for 16x2 LCD.
 lcd_columns = 16
 lcd_rows =2
 LCD Object Declaration:
lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5,
lcd_d6, lcd_d7, lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)
 LCD Functions
 lcd.message('Hello\nworld!')
 lcd.clear()
 lcd.show_cursor(True)
 lcd.blink(True)
 lcd.move_right()
 lcd.move_left()
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 DHT11 & DHT22
Humidity & Temperature Sensor
 Is a basic, low-cost digital temperature and
humidity sensor.
 It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a
thermistor to measure the surrounding air,
and spits out a digital signal on the data pin
(no analog input pins needed).
 Its fairly simple to use, but requires careful
timing to grab data.
 The only real downside of this sensor is new
data is available once every 2 seconds.
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DHT11 & DHT22
Comparison

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 Feature
s
 Full range temperature compensated
 Relative humidity & temperature measurement
 Calibrated digital signal
 Outstanding long-term stability
 Extra components not needed
 Long transmission distance
 Low power consumption
 4 pins packaged and fully interchangeable

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 DHT11 / DHT22 Working Principle
 They consist of a humidity sensing
component, a NTC temperature sensor (or
thermistor) and an IC on the back side of the
sensor.

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 DHT11 / DHT22 Working Principle
 humidity sensing component has two electrodes
with moisture holding substrate between them.
 As the humidity changes, the conductivity of the
substrate changes or the resistance between these
electrodes changes.
 Change in resistance is measured & processed by
the IC which makes it ready to be read by a
microcontroller.

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 DHT11 / DHT22 Working Principle
 A thermistor is actually a variable resistor that
changes its resistance with change of the
temperature.
 These sensors are made by sintering of
semiconductive materials such as ceramics or
polymers in order to provide larger changes in the
resistance with just small changes in temperature.

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 Interfacing
DHT11

 On DHT-11 the 1-wire data bus is pulled up

with a resistor to VCC.
 So if nothing is occurred the voltage on
the bus is equal to VCC.
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 Communication
Process
 Serial Interface (Single-Wire Two-Way)
 All the sensor readings are sent using a single
wire bus which reduces the cost and extends
the distance.
 Communication Format can be separated into
three stages
 Request

 Response

 Data Reading

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 Communication Process: Request
 To make the DHT-11 to send you the sensor
readings you have to send it a request.
 The request is, to pull down the bus for
more than 18ms in order to give DHT time
to understand it and then pull it up for
40uS.

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 Communication Process: Response
 What comes after the request is the DHT-11
response.
 This is an automatic reply from DHT which
indicates that DHT received your request.
 The response is ~54uS low and 80uS
high.

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 Communication Process: Data Read
 The sensor data after response will be packed
in a packet of 5 segments of 8-bits each.
 2 segments are Humidity read, integral &
decimal.
 2 segments are Temperature read in Celsius,
integral & decimal
 last segment is the Check Sum which is the sum
of the 4 first

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 How to Identify
Bits
 Each bit sent is a follow of ~54uS Low in the
bus and ~24uS to 70uS High depending on
the value of the bit.
 Bit '0' : ~54uS Low and ~24uS High
 Bit '1' : ~54uS Low and ~70uS High

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 End Of
Frame
 At the end of packet DHT sends a ~54uS Low
level, pulls the bus to High and goes to sleep
mode.

 Example Reading
 Humidity 0b00101011.0b00000000 = 43.0%
 Temperature 0b00010111. 0b00000000 = 23.0 C.

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 Adafruit Library for
DHT
1. Install Git
• sudo apt-get install git-core
2. Download the library:
git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_DHT.git
3. Change directories with:
• cd Adafruit_Python_DHT
4. Install essential packages for DHT library:
• sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev
5. Then install the library with:
• sudo python3 setup.py install
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 Usage of DHT Adafruit Library
 Call DHT Adafruit Package
 import Adafruit_DHT
 Declare the Sensor Pin and Type
 Pin = 18
 Type = Adafruit_DHT.DHT11
 Get the readings
 Hum,Temp = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry (Type, Pin)
 Print the Value
 print('Temp={0:0.1f}*C Humidity={1:0.1f}%'
.format(Temp, Hum))
Presented By: Mr. D. Shridhar Modern College
 Ultrasonic Sensor : HC-
 An
SR04
ultrasonic sensor, also known as an ultrasonic
transducer.
 Mainly used to determine the distance from the target
object.
 It measures accurate distance using a non-contact
technology.
 Transmitter and receiver are two main parts of the
sensor where former converts an electrical signal to
ultrasonic waves while later converts that ultrasonic
signals back to electrical signals.
 These ultrasonic waves are nothing but sound signals
that can be measured & displayed at the receiving
end. Modern College
 HC-SR04 :
Specifications
 Working Voltage: DC 5V
 Working Current: 15mA
 Working Frequency: 40Hz
 Max Range: 4m
 Min Range: 2cm
 Measuring Angle: 15 degree
 Trigger Input Signal: 10µS TTL pulse
 Echo Output Signal Input TTL level signal and
the range in proportion
 Dimension 45 * 20 * 15mm
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 How It Works – Ultrasonic Sensor
 It emits an ultrasound at 40 KHz which travels
through the air and if there is an object or obstacle
on its path It will bounce back to the module.
 Considering the travel time and the speed of the
sound you can calculate the distance.

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HC-SR04
Pinout

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 Timing
Diagram
 Supply a short 10uS pulse to the trigger input to start the
ranging, and then the module will send out an 8 cycle burst
of ultrasound at 40 kHz and raise its echo.
 The Echo is a distance object that is pulse width and the
range in proportion .Y

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Distance
Calculation

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 Routine for Ultrasonic
Sensor
def distance():
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, True) # set Trigger to HIGH
time.sleep(0.00001) # 10 us delay
GPIO.output(TRIGGER, False) # set Trigger to LOW
# Save current time
 StartTime = time.time() StopTime =
time.time()
 while GPIO.input(ECHO) == StartTime
# save 0: StartTime =
time.time()
 while GPIO.input(ECHO) # save
== time
1: ofStopTime
arrival =
TimeElapsed = StopTime – StartTime
time.time()
distance = (TimeElapsed * 34300) /
2 return distance Modern College
 LDR
Interfacing
 An LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) or a photo
resistor is a photo conductive sensor.
 It is a variable resistor that changes it‟s resistance in
a proportion to the light exposed to it.
 Its resistance decreases with the intensity of light.

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LDR Interfacing
Diagram

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 How it
works
 As the capacitor gradually charges, the voltage that
passes through the circuit and to the GPIO pin rises.
Once the capacitor is charged to a certain point, it's
voltage rises above 2 volts and the Raspberry Pi will
sense that GPIO pin 13 is HIGH.
 If the resistance of the sensor increases, the
capacitor will charge more slowly and the circuit will
take more time to reach 2 volts.
 The above script essentially times how long it takes
for pin 13 to turn High and then uses this
measurement to calculate the resistance of the
Photoresistor.
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 LDR
Code
def rc_time (pin_to_circuit):
count = 0
GPIO.setup(pin_to_circuit,
GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(pin_to_circuit, GPIO.LOW)
time.sleep(0.1)
GPIO.setup(pin_to_circuit, GPIO.IN)
while (GPIO.input(pin_to_circuit) == GPIO.LOW):
count += 1
return count
try:
while
True:
print(rc_time(pin_to_circuit))
except KeyboardInterrupt:
GPIO.cleanup() Modern College
 Make Your Raspberry Pi Speak!
 Espeak is software package to convert text
into audio.
 Install espeak
 $ sudo apt-get install espeak
 Run espeak on Command line
 espeak "Hello World" 2>/dev/null
 To use in Python
 import subprocess
 from subprocess import call
 call(["espeak","Object found is an apple"])
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 Make Your Raspberry Pi Speak!
 Modifying the Voice
 -v<voice filename>+<voice type>
 espeak -ven-us+m1 "Welcome to Dexter tutorial"
2>/dev/null
 espeak -ven+f2 "Welcome to Dexter tutorial" 2>/dev/null
 Modifying Speech Speed
 -s<value> : Default is 175
 espeak -s250 "Welcome to
Dexter tutorial" 2>/dev/null
 Pause Between
Words
 -g<value> : in units of
10ms Modern College
 IR Sensor
Module
 Detect the presence of objects before them.
 The transmitter (IR LED) will emit an IR ray which will get
reflected if there is an object present before it.
 This IR ray will be received back by the receiver
(Photodiode) and the output will be made high after
amplified using an op-amp LM358.

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 Motion Sensor: PIR
sensor
 A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an
electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light
radiating from objects in its field of view.
 They are most often used in PIR-based motion
detectors.
 PIR sensors detect general movement, but do not
give information on who or what moved.

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 Analog Output :
PWM
 Can a digital devise produce analog output?

Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley

• Analog output can be simulated using

pulse width modulation (PWM)
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 Pulse Width
Modulation
• Can’t use digital pins
to directly supply
say 2.5V, but can
pulse the output on
and off really fast to
produce the same
effect

• The on-off pulsing

happens so quickly,
the connected output
device “sees” the
result as a reduction
in the voltage
Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley
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 PWM Duty
Cycle
output voltage = (on_time / cycle_time) * 5V

Image credit: Tod Kurt

Fixed cycle length; constant

number of cycles/secModern College
 PWM Functions in Python
(1)
 Create PWM Object
 Create an Object of class PWM which is a part of
RPi.GPIO library.
 For Example create object LED_pwm
 LED_pwm = GPIO.PWM (Pin no., frequency)
 Where,
 Pin no. – PWM pin no on which PWM will be generated.
 Frequency – frequency of PWM
 Note: The PWM which is generated here is Software
PWM and can generate on any GPIO pin.

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Presented By: Mr. D. Shridhar Smart Logic
 PWM Functions in Python
(2)
 start (Duty Cycle)
 It is used to start PWM generation of specified Duty Cycle.
 For Example: LED_pwm.start(100)
 ChangeDutyCycle(Duty Cycle)
 This function is used to change the Duty Cycle of
signal.
We have to provide Duty Cycle in the range of 0-100.
 For Example: LED_pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(50)
 stop()
 This function is used to stop the PWM generation.
 For Example: LED_pwm.stop()
 ChangeFrequency(frequency)
 This function
PWM. is used to change the Modern
frequency
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(inLogic
Smart
 DC motor
Interface
 Why Motor Driver IC?
 The L293D is a H Bridge type IC and can
control DC motors up to 36V
 2 motors can be driven with a single
L293D
RaspberryPi Motor Driver
DC Motor
Circuit

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Presented By: Mr. Shridhar Dudam
 Controlling
Direction

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Presented By: Mr. Shridhar Dudam
 DS18B20 Temperature Sensor
 3 terminal temperature sensor in the
available TO-92 (transistor type) package.
 Communicates over 1-Wire Interface.
 Operating voltage: 3-5V
 Measuring Range: -55°C to +125°C
 Accuracy: ±0.5°C
 Resolution: 9-bit to 12-bit

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Presented By: Mr. D. Shridhar
 Interfacing

Diagram
The Raspberry Pi has drivers for one wired devices
to be connected to GPIO pin-4 by default.

1-wire is a device
communication data
bus system
developed by Dallas
semiconductor
providing low speed
data, signalling and
power over a single
signal wire.

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Presented By: Mr. D. Shridhar
 Reading temperature using
Terminal
 Enable 1-wire interface
 sudo raspi-config
 Navigate to Interface options to enable 1-wire
 Load the device kernel modules
 sudo modprobe w1-gpio
 sudo modprobe w1-therm
 Point to the address of the temperature sensor,
 cd /sys/bus/w1/devices/28*
 Read the Temperature Value
 cat w1_slave

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Presented By: Mr. D. Shridhar
 DS18B20: Python Code (1)
import os
import glob
import
time
os.system('modprobe w1-gpio„)
os.system('modprobe w1-therm')
base_dir = '/sys/bus/w1/devices/‟
device_folder = glob.glob(base_dir + '28*')[0]
device_file = device_folder + '/w1_slave‟

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Presented By: Mr. D. Shridhar
 DS18B20: Python Code (2)
def read_temp_raw():
f = open(device_file, 'r')
lines = f.readlines()
f.close()
return lines
def
read_temp():
lines =
read_temp
_raw()
while lines[0].strip()[-3:] != 'YES„:
time.sleep(0.2)
lines = read_temp_raw()
equals_pos = lines[1].find('t=„)
if equals_pos != -1:
temp_string = lines[1][equals_pos+2:]
Presented By: Mr. D. Shridhar Modern College
 DS18B20: Python Code (3)
if name ==' main ':
try:
while True:
TempC = read_temp()
print("Temp. in :%0.2f C"%TempC)
Celsius print(" ")
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print ("Program Terminated")

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Presented By: Mr. D. Shridhar
 ThingSpea
k
 ThingSpeak is a IoT cloud platform which
uses simple HTTP Protocol to transfer, store
and retrieve information from different
sensors.

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 ThingSpea
k
 ThingSpeak Application allows us to log the
sensor data, track locations and even social
networking of things.
 ThingSpeak has support from MATLAB. The
close relationship between ThingSpeak and
MATLAB has lead to integrate several key
features of MATLAB into the ThingSpeak
Application.
 ThingSpeak takes minimum of 15 seconds to
update sensor readings.
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 Creating Account &
Channel
 Create an account with
ThingSpeak (www.thingspeak.com).
 After logging in, create a new channel for the
data to be stored. For this go to
Channels–
>My Channels and click on New Channel.

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Create a Channel and
Fields

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 Getting API Key in ThingSpeak
 To send data to ThingSpeak, we need an unique
API key, which is used to upload sensor data to
ThingSpeak Website.
 Click on “API Keys” button to get your unique API
key for uploading your CPU data.

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 ThingSpeaK Python
Code
 import Adafruit_DHT
 import time
 from urllib.request import urlopen
 import sys

 WRITE_API = "JL2BDUBGRIQE956W" # Replace with user API key

 BASE_URL = "https://api.thingspeak.com/update?
api_key={}".format(WRITE_API)

 thingspeakHttp = BASE_URL + "&field1={:.2f}&field2={:.2f}“

.format(temperature, humidity)
 print(thingspeakHttp)
 conn = urlopen(thingspeakHttp)
 print("Response: {}".format(conn.read()))
 conn.close()
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 Camera
Interfacing
 Locate the camera port & connect the camera:
 Gently pull up on the edges of the plastic clip
 Insert the camera ribbon; make sure it is the right
way round
 Push the plastic clip back into place
 Power on Raspberry Pi
 Open the Raspberry Pi Configuration Tool from
the main menu
 Ensure the camera software is enabled under
the Interface Tab
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 Camera
preview
 from picamera import PiCamera
 Import time
 camera = PiCamera()

 camera.start_preview()

 time.sleep(10)

 camera.stop_preview()

 Note that the camera preview only works when a

monitor is connected to the Pi, so remote access (such
as SSH and VNC) will not allow you to see the camera
preview

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 Camera preview :
Rotation
 from picamera import PiCamera
 Import time
 camera = PiCamera()

 camera.rotation = 180

 camera.start_preview()

 time.sleep(10)

 camera.stop_preview()

 Rotation options – 0, 90, 180, 270

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 Camera preview : Transparency
 from picamera import PiCamera
 Import time
 camera = PiCamera()

 camera.rotation = 180

 camera.start_preview(alpha=200)

 time.sleep(10)

 camera.stop_preview()

 Alpha can be any value between 0 & 255.

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 Capturing
Image
 from picamera import PiCamera
 Import time
 camera = PiCamera()

 camera.start_preview()

 time.sleep(5)

 camera.capture('/home/pi/Desktop/img.jpg')

 camera.stop_preview()

 It’s important to sleep for at least 2 seconds before

capturing, to give the sensor time to set its light
levels.
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 Recording
Video
 from picamera import PiCamera
 Import time
 camera = PiCamera()

 camera.start_preview()

 camera.start_recording('/home/pi/video.h264')

 time.sleep(10)

 camera.stop_recording()

 camera.stop_preview()

 Run the video using OMXplayer on command line

 $: omxplayer
video.h264 Modern College
 Camera
Effects
 Resolution
 camera.resolution = (2592, 1944)
 Frame Rate
 camera.framerate = 15
 Annotate_text
 camera.annotate_text = "Hello world!“
 Brightness & Contrast
 camera.brightness = 70
 camera.contrast = 20

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 Camera
Effects
 Image Effect
 Options:none, negative, solarize, sketch, denois
e, emboss, oilpaint, hatch, gpen, pastel, watercol
or, film, blur, saturation, colorswap, washedout, p
osterise, colorpoint, colorbalance, cartoon, deinte
rlace1, and deinterlace2.
 camera.image_effect = 'colorswap'
 Set the auto white balance
 Options:off, auto, sunlight, cloudy, shade, tungs
ten, fluorescent, incandescent, flash, and horizon.
 camera.awb_mode = 'sunlight'
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 Camera
Effects
 Set the exposure
 Options:off, auto, night, nightpreview,
backlight, spotlight, sports, snow, beach,
verylong, fixedfps
, antishake, and fireworks
 camera.exposure_mode = 'beach‟

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 Thanks
smartlogitech@gmail.com
+917745024542

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