The source of the voice comes from the lungs that inflate and deflate to inhale

and exhale the air. Through the ducts in the throat called as Pharynk, air escapes
through the mouth (Oral) and nose (Nasal).

Mouth consists of Upper parts that cant be moved and lower parts that can be
moved
 Parts of the Mouth
1. Lips : Upper and Lower lips meet to form the sound known as Bilabial (P), ((b), and (m)
2. Teeth: hard dental structures located on the alveolar ridges that produce the sound (f) and (v) called
labiodental (Upper teeth meet the lower lips) and dental (t) and (d) where teeth meet the tip of tongue.
3. Alveolar: It is located on the base of upper teeth. It is sticked on the tip of tongue to form the sound (t) nd (d)
called Alveolar.
4. Hard palate: the front of the roof of the mouth that is sticked on the tip of tongue to form the sound (c) and
(j) called alveopalatal.
5. Soft palate: the back of the roof of the mouth is also called as velum which is sticked with the back side of the
mouth to form the sound (k) and (g) called Velar.
6. Uvula: soft tissue that hangs from the soft palate. It is moved to close the ducts to the nose or open it. If the
Uvula is not sticked the upper larynx will form the Nasal sound. If the uvula meets the wall of larynk , it will
form the Oral sound.
7. Tongue: muscular organ of deglutition, speech, and taste covered with epithelium and bound to the floor of
the mouth that can be moved easily that is divided into 1) Tip of Tongue, 2) Blade, 3) front, 4) back
8. Vocal cords is pair of mucous membranes located in Larynx that can be wedged and stretched out to form
consonants.
9. Pharynx: Airway to the oral cavity or nasal cavity
10.Nasal cavity: produce the sound (m) and (n)
11.Oral cavity: Produce the sound (p), (b), (a), and (i).
Consonant Sound
Vowel Sounds
• Cavity : Rongga
• Base : pangkal
• Ducts: saluran
• mucous membranes: Selaput