CE 1101

Engineering Mechanics
(Statics)
Different Force Systems

Course Teacher:
Nafisa Tabassum
Lecturer,
Department of Civil Engineering, United International University
Mobile: +8801521487625 ; e-mail: nafisa@ce.uiu.ac.bd
Class time:

 Wednesday : 10.05 AM – 11.35 AM

Counselling Hour:
 Wednesday : 11.40 AM – 1.10 AM
Reference Books:

1. Engineering Mechanics – Statics and Dynamics, by R. C. Hibbeler.

2. Vector Mechanics - Statics, by Beer and Johnston, 11th Edition
3. Analytic Mechanics by Virgil Moring Faires & Sherman Daniel Chambers
SYLLABUS
 Coplanar Concurrent, Parallel Coplanar and non-
concurrent non parallel force systems,
 Moments

Statics  Analyses of Two Dimensional Frames and Trusses

 Centroid of line, areas and volumes
 Moments of Inertia of Areas and masses
 Principles of Work and Energy
 Plane Motion
 Impulse and Momentum
Idealization (Models)
Models or idealizations are used in mechanics in order to simplify application of the
theory. Here we will consider three important idealizations:
A) Particle:
❖ A particle has a mass, but a size that can be neglected.
❖ For example, the size of the earth is insignificant compared to the size of its
orbit, and therefore the earth can be modeled as a particle when studying its
orbital motion.
❖ When a body is idealized as a particle, the principles of mechanics reduce to a
rather simplified form since the geometry of the body will not be involved in
the analysis of the problem.
Idealization (Models)
B) Rigid Body:
❖ A rigid body can be considered as a combination of a large number of
particles in which all the particles remain at a fixed distance from one
another, both before and after applying a load.
❖ This model is important because the body’s shape does not change when a load
is applied → material type of the body need not to be considered
❖ In most cases the actual deformations occurring in structures, machines,
mechanisms, and the like are relatively small, and the rigid-body assumption is
suitable for analysis.

Steel is a common engineering material that does

not deform very much under load. Therefore, we
can consider this railroad wheel to be a rigid body
Idealization (Models)
C) Concentrated Force:
❖ A concentrated force represents the effect of a loading which is
assumed to act at a point on a body.
❖ We can represent a load by a concentrated force, provided the area
over which the load is applied is very small compared to the overall
size of the body.

this railroad wheel is acted upon by

the concentrated force of the rail.
Free-Body Diagram of some objects
 (b)

(a)
(c)
FORCE ON A PARTICLE

 A force represents the action of one body on another and is generally

characterized by its point of application , its magnitude , and its direction.
 The magnitude of a force is characterized by a certain number of units. The
direction of a force is defined by the line of action and the sense of the force.
 The line of action is the infinite straight line along which the force acts; it is
characterized by the angle it forms with some fixed axis.
Different Types of Force System
Coplanar Force System
Coplanar force system refers to the number of forces which remain in same
plane. This force system can be concurrent, parallel and non-concurrent and
non-parallel.

• Concurrent Coplanar Force System

A concurrent coplanar force system is a system of
two or more forces whose lines of action ALL
intersect at a common point. However, all of the
individual vectors might not actually be in
contact with the common point.

• Parallel coplanar force system

The concurrent coplanar force system refers to
the number of forces which are parallel to each
other with their lines of action.
Coplanar and Non-Coplanar Force System
• Non-concurrent and non-parallel coplanar force
systems
Non-concurrent and non-parallel coplanar force
systems refer to the number of forces which are not
parallel and do not lie at the common point with
their lines of action.

Non-Coplanar Force System

Non-coplanar force system refers to the
number of forces which do not remain in same
plane.
Which force system is it?
Which force system is it?
RESULTANT OF TWO FORCES
 Two forces acting in the same direction

The resultant force is in the same direction as the two forces, and has the magnitude
equal to the sum of the two magnitudes:
N7
RESULTANT OF TWO FORCES
  Two forces acting in opposite directions
RESULTANT OF TWO FORCES

Two forces that are not parallel

Two forces P and Q acting on a particle

A can be replaced by a single force R
which has the same effect on the particle
This force is called the resultant of the
forces P and Q and can be obtained by
constructing a parallelogram, using P
and Q as two adjacent sides of the
parallelogram. The diagonal that passes
through A represents the resultant. This
method for finding the resultant is
known as the parallelogram law for the
addition of two forces.
Fx = F cos Θ
Fy = F sin Θ
tan Θ =
RESULTANT OF TWO FORCES
EXAMPLE 1:
Determine the magnitude of
the resultant force and its
direction measured from the
positive x-axis.

Figure for Example 1

EXAMPLE 2:
At what angle 1 must be applied in order
that the resultant R 1&2 be equal to
of Ib? For this condition what will be
100
the angle () R and the
between
horizontal?

Figure for Example 2

(Continued on the next slide)
EXAMPLE 2:

At what angle 1 must be applied in order

that the resultant R 1&2 be equal to
of Ib? For this condition what will be
100
the angle () R and the
between
horizontal?

Figure for Example 2

Which force system is it?
Coplanar Force Resultants
To determine the resultant of several coplanar forces, i.e.,
forces that all lie in the same plane, each force is first resolved
into its x and y components, and then the respective
components are added using scalar algebra since they are
collinear.
In scalar notation, indicating the positive directions of components
along the x and y axes with symbolic arrows, we have

the angle 𝛳, which specifies the direction of the resultant force, is

determined from trigonometry:
EXAMPLE 3:
EXAMPLE 3:
EXAMPLE 4:
Use of Cosine and Sine Law
Trigonometry
● Half portion of a parallelogram can be used to illustrate the triangular head-
to-tail addition of the components.
● From this triangle, the magnitude of the resultant force can be determined
using the law of cosines, and its direction is determined from the law of
sines. The magnitudes of two force components are determined from the
law of sines.
Example # 5 (Example 2.1, Hibbler)

The screw eye in the figure is subjected to two forces, F 1 and F2. Determine the magnitude
and direction of the resultant force.
Example # 5 - Solution
From the parallelogram, the vector triangle is constructed,
Fig c. Using the law of cosines
Example # 5 – Solution (Alternative Method)
Example # 6 (Example 2.2, Hibbler)
Resolve the horizontal 600-lb force in the Figure into components acting along
the u and v axes and determine the magnitudes of these components.

The parallelogram is constructed by extending a line from the head of the 600-lb force
parallel to the v axis until it intersects the u axis at point B. The arrow from A to B
represents Fu. Similarly, the line extended from the head of the 600-lb force drawn
parallel to the u axis intersects the v axis at point C, which gives Fv.
Example # 6- Solution
Practice math
(Example 2.3, Hibbler)

Determine the magnitude of the component force F in the following figure and the
magnitude of the resultant force FR if FR is directed along the positive y axis.

Hints:
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)

Hints:

FR=30 lb
45o
Fv
30o 105o

Fu u

𝐹𝑢 30 𝐹𝑣 30
= =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 45 𝑆𝑖𝑛 105 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30 𝑆𝑖𝑛 105
Fu = 21.96 lb
Fv = 15.52 lb
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)
Hints: 180-45-30 = 105
C
A 30 o

105o
45o

450 lb
B
C
𝐹 𝐴𝐵 A 30 o

450
= 𝐹 𝐴𝐶
𝑆𝑖𝑛 105 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30 45o
450
=
FAB = 869.33 lb 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30
105o
FAC = 636.39 lb
30o
450 lb
B
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)
Hints:

45o
F

105o

Fu = 6 kN

30o
Fv

𝐹𝑣 6
=
𝑆𝑖𝑛 45 𝑆𝑖𝑛105
Fv = 4.39 kN
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)
Exercise:
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)
Exercise: Hints:
450 N
FR= 497.01 N

ɸ = 39.8o
ɸ
45o

700 N
450

ɸ = 60o
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)
Exercise:
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)
Exercise:
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)

Hints:

30+θ

150-θ

1200

30 F1
150-θ
615.9 1200
= , 𝜃=46.9 𝑜
900 𝑆𝑖𝑛30 𝑆𝑖𝑛(150 − 𝜃)
Practice math
(Exercise Problems, Hibbler)
Solution

3
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑥=0 − 450 ∗ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 45+600 ∗ 5 =41.81 𝑁

4
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑦=300 +450 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45+ 600 ∗ 5 =1098.19 𝑁

𝐹 𝑅 =√ 41.81 +1098.19 =1098.98 𝑁

2 2

𝜃 =tan −1
( (𝐹𝑅) 𝑦
)
( 𝐹 𝑅) 𝑥
=tan − 1
1098.19
41.81
=87.82 𝑜
Exercise: Solution

4
( 𝑅)
𝐹 𝑥=− 250 ∗
5
+ 400 ∗ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 30+300=446.41 𝑁

3
( 𝑅)
𝐹 𝑦=250 ∗
5
+400 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30=350 𝑁

𝐹 𝑅 =√ 446.412+350 2=567.25 𝑁

𝜃 =tan
−1
( (𝐹𝑅) 𝑦
)
( 𝐹 𝑅) 𝑥
=tan (
−1 350
)
446.41
=38.09 𝑜
Exercise: Solution

78.68 𝑜

𝐹 𝑅 =√ 246.22 +1230 =1254 𝑙𝑏

2 2

𝜃 =tan
−1
( (𝐹𝑅) 𝑦
( 𝐹 𝑅) 𝑥 )
=tan
− 1 1230
246.22
=78.68 𝑜
Exercise: Solution

4 4
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑥=15 ∗ 5 +15 ∗ 5 =24 𝑘𝑁

3 3
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑦=− 15 ∗ 5 + 20+15 ∗ 5 =20 𝑘𝑁

𝐹 𝑅 =√ 24 2+ 202=31.24 𝑘𝑁

𝜃 =tan
−1
( (𝐹𝑅) 𝑦
)
( 𝐹 𝑅) 𝑥
=tan
− 1 20
24
= 39.8 𝑜
Exercise: Solution

5
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑥=750=325 ∗ 13
+ 𝐹𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃+600 𝐶𝑜𝑠 45
𝐹𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃=200.7 ….(1)

FR=750 N
12
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑦=0=325 ∗ 13 + 𝐹𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 600 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45
…..(2)
124.26
Equation (2)/(1)𝜃=tan −1 =31.76 𝑜
200.7
From eqn (1), F = 236.02 N
Exercise: Solution

5
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑥=750=325 ∗ 13
+ 𝐹𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃+600 𝐶𝑜𝑠 45
𝐹𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃=200.7 ….(1)

FR=750 N
12
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑦=0=325 ∗ 13 + 𝐹𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 600 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45
…..(2)
124.26
Equation (2)/(1)𝜃=tan −1 =31.76 𝑜
200.7
From eqn (1), F = 236.02 N
Exercise: Solution

3
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑥=80 𝐶𝑜𝑠 45=𝐹𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃+50 − 90 ∗ 5 , 𝐹𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃=60.57 𝑙𝑏

4
FR
( 𝐹 𝑅 ) 𝑦=− 80 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45=𝐹𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −90 ∗ 5 , 𝐹𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃=15.43 𝑙𝑏

−1 15.43
𝜃=tan =14.29 𝑜
60.57

𝐹=62.5 𝑙𝑏
EXAMPLE 7
The components of F1 and F2 are shown in the figure. Determine the magnitudes
and coordinate direction angles of F1 and F2. Also find the magnitude, direction and
components of the resultant force.
EXAMPLE 7:
Equilibrium of Particle
and Rigid Body
EQUILIBRIUM
Formally stated as Newton’s first law of motion: If the resultant force acting on a
body is zero, then the body is in equilibrium. Hence, equilibrium requires that a
body either be at rest, if originally at rest, or move with constant velocity, if originally in
motion. Most often, however, the term “equilibrium” or more specially “static equilibrium”
is used to describe an object at rest.

EQUILIBRIUM OF CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM

A special case of equilibrium occurs when a rigid body is subjected to a system of
concurrent forces. The condition for equilibrium in such a case is based upon a balance of
force. The above condition for equilibrium of a concurrent force system may be stated
mathematically as

Many equilibrium problems involve a concurrent coplanar force system. If the forces
lie in the x-y plane, they can each be resolved into their respective x and y
components is satisfied provided that:
 FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
In analyzing the action of forces on a
given body it is absolutely necessary to
isolate the body in question by
removing all contacting and attached
bodies and replacing them by vectors
representing the forces which they exert
on the body isolated. Such a
representation is called a free-body
diagram.
(b
)

(a)
(c)
 FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
Procedure For Drawing A Free-Body Diagram. The following three steps are necessary to
construct a free-body diagram.
Step 1. Imagine the particle to be isolated from its surroundings by drawing (sketching)
an outlined shape of the particle.
Step 2. Indicate on this sketch all the forces that act on the particle. These forces will either
be active forces, which tend to set the particle in motion, e.g., weight, or magnetic and
electrostatic interactions; or reactive forces, such as those caused by the constraints or
supports that tend to prevent motion.
Step 3. The forces that are known should be labeled with their proper magnitudes and
directions. Letters are used to represent the magnitudes and direction angles of forces that
are unknown.
In particular, if a force has a known line of action but unknown magnitude, the arrowhead,
which defines the directional sense of the force, can be assumed. The correctness of the
directional sense will become apparent after solving the equilibrium equations for the
unknown magnitude. By definition, the magnitude of a force is always positive so that, if
the solution yields a negative magnitude, the minus sign indicates that the arrowhead or
directional sense of the force is opposite to that which was originally assumed.
Drawing a Free-Body Diagram
Free-Body Diagram of Different types of
connection

/Hinge
Free-Body Diagram of Different types of connection
Free-Body Diagram of Different types of connection
Free-Body Diagram of Different types of connection
FREE-BODY DIAGRAM

When drawing a free-body

diagram it is most important
to show only the
forces acting on the object
being considered.
FREE-BODY DIAGRAM

When drawing a free-body diagram it is most important to show only the

forces acting on the object being considered.
 Procedure for Drawing a Free-Body Diagram

To construct a free-body diagram, the following three steps are necessary:

a) Draw Outlined Shape.
Imagine the particle to be isolated or cut “free” from its surroundings. This
requires removing all the supports and drawing the particle’s outlined
shape.

b) Show All Forces.

Indicate on this sketch all the forces that act on the particle. These forces
can be active forces, which tend to set the particle in motion, or they
can be reactive forces which are the result of the constraints or supports
that tend to prevent motion.

c) Identify Each Force.

The forces that are known should be labeled with their proper magnitudes
and directions. Letters are used to represent the magnitudes and
directions of forces that are unknown.
Different Types of Support
Three types of supports often encountered in particle equilibrium
problems
A. Spring
B. Cables and Pulleys
C. Smooth Contact

B C
A
Cables and Pulleys
★ Cables/cords are assumed to have negligible weight
and they cannot stretch.
★ A cable can support only a tension or “pulling”
force, and this force always acts in the direction of
the cable.
★ The tension force developed in a continuous cable
which passes over a frictionless pulley must have a
constant magnitude to keep the cable in equilibrium.

○ Hence, for any angle 𝜃, shown in figure the cable

is subjected to a constant tension T throughout
its length
Smooth Contact
 If an object rests on a smooth surface, then the
surface will exert a force on the object that is normal
to the surface at the point of contact
 In addition to this normal force N, the cylinder is also
subjected to its weight W and the force T of the cord.
 Since these three forces are concurrent at the
center of the cylinder, we can apply the equation of
equilibrium to this “particle,” which is the same as
applying it to the cylinder

Free
90O Body
60O
30O Diagra
m
Spring
★ If a linearly elastic spring (or cord) of undeformed
length l0 is used to support a particle, the length of the
spring will change in direct proportion to the force F
acting on it
★ “Elasticity” of a spring is defined by the spring constant
or stiffness k.
★ The magnitude of force exerted on a linearly elastic
spring which has a stiffness k and is deformed
(elongated or compressed) a distance s = l - l0,
measured from its unloaded position, is

For example, if the spring in figure has an unstretched length (l 0) of

0.8 m and a stiffness k = 500 N/m and it is stretched to a length (l) of
1 m, so that s = l - l0 = 1 m - 0.8 m = 0.2 m, then a force F = ks = 500
N/m * 0.2 m = 100 N is needed.
 EXAMPLE 8:
A weight W = 5000 N is
suspended from a pin B
which unites two inclined
timbers AB and CB as shown
in the figure. Determine the
compressive force on each
timber.
 EXAMPLE 8:
A weight W = 5000 N is
suspended from a pin B
which unites two inclined
timbers AB and CB as shown
in the figure. Determine the
compressive force on each
timber.
EXAMPLE 9:
Two weights are suspended from a flexible cable as shown in
the figure. Determine the internal forces in the various parts
of the cable and the weight W.
EXAMPLE 9:
Two weights are suspended from a flexible cable as shown in
the figure. Determine the internal forces in the various parts
of the cable and the weight W.
EXAMPLE 9:
EXAMPLE 10:
EXAMPLE 10:
EXAMPLE 11:
EXAMPLE 11:
EXAMPLE 12:
 EXAMPLE 13:
Two smooth spheres, each of radius 25
cm and weight 500 N rest in a
horizontal channel having vertical walls,
the distance between which is 90 cm.
Find the pressure exerted on the walls
and floor at the points of contact A, B
and D.
EXAMPLE 14:
……………(a)
EXAMPLE 15:
EXAMPLE 15:
EXAMPLE 16:
EXAMPLE 16:
Example # 17 (Example 3.2, Hibbler)

F.B.D

Solution
4
𝑇 𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑠 45 −𝑇 𝐴 +0=0 … .(1)
5

3 4 1 3
𝑇 𝐶 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45+𝑇 𝐴 − 60∗ 9.81=0 … .(2) 𝑇 𝐴 ∗ ∗ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45+𝑇 𝐴 −60 ∗ 9.81=0
5 5 𝐶𝑜𝑠 45 5
Example # 18(Example 3.3, Hibbler)
The 200-kg crate in fig is suspended Solution
using the ropes AB and AC. Each rope can
withstand a maximum force of 10 kN
before it breaks. If AB always remains
horizontal, determine the smallest
angle 𝞡 to which the crate can be So, AD will not break
suspended before one of the ropes
breaks. 𝐹 𝐵 − 𝐹 𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃=0
Here, FB< Fc. So, AB can not break before breaking AC.

F.B.D ---(2)
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐹 𝐶 =10 𝑘𝑁 ; 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ( 2 ) ,

---(2)

𝜽=11.31𝑜
Example # 19(Example 3.4, Hibbler)
Determine the required length of cord AC in Fig. so that the 8-kg lamp can be
suspended in the position shown. The undeformed length of spring AB is l’ AB = 0.4 m,
and the spring has a stiffness of kAB = 300 N/m.
Example # 19(Example 3.4, Hibbler)
Determine the required length of cord AC in Fig. so that the 8-kg lamp can be
suspended in the position shown. The undeformed length of spring AB is l’AB = 0.4
m, and the spring has a stiffness of kAB = 300 N/m.
Solution

𝑇 𝐴𝐵 − 𝑇 𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑠 30=0 …(1)

𝑇 𝐴𝐶 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30− 78.5=0 …(2)

From equation (1) 𝑇 𝐴𝐵=135.97 𝑁
Stretch in the spring AB,
𝑇 𝐴𝐵 135.97
𝑠 𝐴𝐵 = = =0.453 𝑚
F.B.D 𝐾 300
Stretched length of AB = 0.4+0.453 = 0.853m
Problem Solution
4
𝑇 𝐴𝐶 ∗ − 𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠 30=0 … (1)
5
3
𝑇 𝐴𝐶 ∗ +𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30 −550=0
5

y
𝑇 𝐴𝐶 =517.95 𝑙𝑏

𝑇 𝐴𝐵=478.45 𝑙𝑏
TAB TAC
F.B.D

30o
x
A

550 lb
Problem

1500 lb 1500 lb

700 lb
Problem

0.2
0.15 T T

13 o
53.
B x

(5*9.81)N

Free Body Diagram

-5*9.81=0
 F
Problem x
y

87 o
36.
N
45o

(5*9.81)N
x-axis is taken along this surface
Free Body Diagram

∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =0,𝐹𝐶𝑜𝑠36.87−5∗9.81∗𝑆𝑖𝑛45=0,𝐹=43.35𝑁
Elongated length of the spring = 0.5 m
Equation for spring, F = k * s, 43.35 = 200 * s, s = 0.22m
Unstretched length of spring = 0.5-0.22 = 0.28
Problem
y

TBE = (40*9.81) N

TDE E 30o x

WA
Free Body Diagram

∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0,𝑇 𝐵𝐸 𝑆𝑖𝑛30−𝑊 𝐴=0,40∗9.81∗𝑆𝑖𝑛30=𝑊 𝐴 ,𝑊 𝐴=196.2𝑁,𝑚 𝐴=20𝑘𝑔

 From FBD 1
Problem
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0,𝑇 𝐵𝐶 −𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠15=0
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0,𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛15−98.1=0,𝑇 𝐴𝐵=379.02𝑁 ,
=366.11 N
From FBD 2

∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =0,−𝑇 𝐵𝐶+𝑇 𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃=0,𝑇𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃=366.11..(1)

∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0,𝑇𝐶𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃−15∗9.81=0,𝑇 𝐶𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃=147.15𝑁…(2)
TCD = 394.57 N
y y
Θ = 21.89o
FBD TCD
TAB
TBC TBC C
x x
FBD 1
FBD 2
(10*9.81)N (15*9.81)N
 y
Problem Solution
TAC TAB
3-14: Determine the stretch in each
53.13o
spring for equilibrium of the 2-kg 45o
block. The springs are shown in the
equilibrium position. x
2*9.81
19.62
TAD=2*9.81=19.62 N 𝑠 𝐴𝐷 = =0.49𝑚
40
∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =0,−𝑇 𝐴𝐶 𝑆𝑖𝑛45+𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛53.13=0,𝑇 𝐴𝐶=1.131𝑇 𝐴𝐵 ….(1)
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0,𝑇 𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑠45+𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠53.13−19.62=0….(2)
1.131 𝑇 𝐴𝐵 ∗ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 45 +𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠 53.13 − 19.62=0
1.131 𝑇 𝐴𝐵 ∗ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 45 +𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠 53.13 − 19.62=0
14.02
𝑇 𝐴𝐵=14.01 𝑁 , 𝑠 𝐴𝐵 = =0.467 𝑚
30
15.85
𝑇 𝐴𝐶 =1.131∗ 14.02=15.85 𝑁 , 𝑠 𝐴𝐶 = =0.79 𝑚
20
Problem
3-15: The unstretched length of spring
AB is 3 m. If the block is held in the
equilibrium position shown, determine
the mass of the block at D.
Unstretched length of spring AB is 3 m
stretched length of spring AB is 5 m
stretch spring AB, s = 5-3 = 2m TAB = 30 * 2 = 60 N

TAC TAB
53.13o
45
o

∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0,−𝑇 𝐴𝐶 𝑆𝑖𝑛45+𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛53.13=0,𝑇 𝐴𝐶=67.9𝑁

84.12
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0,𝑇 𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑠 45+𝑇 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠53.13=𝑊 ,𝑊=84.12 𝑁 ,𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠= 9.81 =8.56𝑘𝑔
 EQUILIBRIUM
Three-Dimensional Force Systems.
It has been shown previously that equilibrium of a concurrent
force system requires If all the forces acting on the body are
resolved into their x, y, z components, then for equilibrium we
require the following three component equations be satisfied:
 EXAMPLE 20:
Determine the force in each cable
used to support the 40-lb crate
EXAMPLE 20:
Thank You.
 Acknowledgement:

Special Reference Materials:

1. Lecture slides of Dr. Afzal Ahmed, Professor, Department of Civil

Engineering, United International Universtiy.
2. Lecture slides of Rafid Shams Huq, Senior Lecturer, Department of
Civil Engineering, Stamford University Bangladesh.

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the honourable faculty members mentioned above.