GAD 2017

HIV/AIDS:
Review, Issues, and
Awareness

Christy D. Sandoval, MAN, RN, LPT

Master Teacher II
Lipa City Senior High School
www.cdc.com
10/23/2017 www.doh.gov.ph
 Objectives
• Describe the difference between
HIV infection and AIDS
• Discuss the HIV epidemics
globally, regionally, and locally
• Discuss the issues relating to
school – age children, teens, and
young adults
• Discuss ways on how to educate
the community on HIV prevention
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 Content Overview
• What is HIV?
• What is AIDS?
• HIV transmission
– Window period
– Stages of HIV infection
• The Statistics
– CDC/WHO/UNAids Statistics
– The Philippine Statistics
• Education and Prevention
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 What is HIV?
• Human: Infecting human beings
• Immunodeficiency: Decrease or
weakness in the body’s ability to
fight off infections and illnesses
• Virus: A pathogen having the
ability to replicate only inside a
living cell

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 Types of HIV
• HIV 1
– Most common in sub-Saharan
Africa and throughout the world
– Groups M, N, and O
– Pandemic dominated by Group M
 Group M comprised of subtypes A - J

• HIV 2
– Most often found in West Central
Africa, parts of Europe and India

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 Structure of HIV

Envelope

Reverse
Core p24
Transcriptase

RNA

6
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 What is AIDS?
• Acquired: To come into
possession of something new
• Immune Deficiency: Decrease
or weakness in the body’s ability
to fight off infections and illnesses
• Syndrome: A group of signs and
symptoms that occur together and
characterize a particular
abnormality
AIDS is the final stage of the disease caused by
infection with a type of virus called HIV.
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 HIV vs. AIDS
• HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
• Not everyone who is infected with
HIV has AIDS
• Everyone with AIDS is infected with
HIV
• AIDS is result of the progression of
HIV Infection
• Anyone infected with HIV, although
healthy, can still transmit the virus
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to another person
 How is it transmitted?
• Unprotected sexual
contact with an infected
partner
• Exposure of broken skin or
wound to infected blood or
body fluids
• Transfusion with HIV-
infected blood
• Injection with
contaminated objects
• Mother to child during
pregnancy, birth or
breastfeeding
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 Window Period
• Time from initial infection with
HIV until antibodies are detected
by a single test
• Usually 3-8 weeks before
antibodies are detected
• May test false-negative for HIV
antibodies during this time period
• Can still pass the virus to others
during this period
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 WHO HIV/AIDS Classification System
Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV
Asymptomatic Minor Symptoms Moderate Symptoms AIDS

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 Global HIV Statistics

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 Global HIV Statistics
• 9.5 million people were accessing
antiretroviral therapy in 2016.
• 36.7 million people globally were
living with HIV in 2016.
• 1.8 million people became newly
infected with HIV in 2016.
• 1 million people died from AIDS-
related illnesses in 2016.
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 The Philippine Statistics

Number of Newly Di-

agnosed with HIV per
day

2008
1 49 2010
27 2012
2014
17 2016
2017
26

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 The Philippine Statistics
Number of New HIV Cases per Month (2015
– 2017)
1200

1000

800
2015
600 2016
2017
400

200

0
ary ary rch pril ay ne uly ust ber ber ber ber
n u ru a A M Ju J ug m to m m
Ja Feb M A te Oc ve ce
p
Se No De
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The Philippine’s Rise on the Ladder

“The Philippines has

the fastest growing
number of HIV
infections in Asia” –
United Nations
Read more: 
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/919763/philippines-has-fastest-growing-hiv-infe
10/23/2017 ctions-in-asia-un#ixzz4wCRrwyFS
 
Where do we stand in the Statistics?

Source:
HIV/AIDS and
Art Registry of Percentage of Newly Di-
the Philippines agnosed Cases per Region
(HARP) (April 2017)

NCR
Region 4A
Region 7
4% 3% Region 3
9% 37% Region 6 and
11% 11
17% Region 2

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Reported Modes of Transmission
MODE OF TRANSMISSION April 2017 Jan – Apr 2017
(N=629) (N = 3, 290)

Male Female Male Female

Sexual Contact
* Male-Female 50 32 282 155

* Male – Male 343 0 1,814 0

* Sex with Males & Females 184 0 954 0

Blood/Blood products 0 0 0 0

Sharing of infected needles 17 1 73 2

Needle prick injury 0 0 0 0

Mother – to – Child 2 0 8 0

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 Issues:
Special Populations: 15 – 24 years old

• April 2017 Report

– 30% of the cases were
among the 15 – 24 year
age group
– Most are male
– Sexual contact mode of
transmission
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Special populations: Children (<10 yrs.
old and Adolescents (10 – 19 years)
• 33 adolescents were reported
to HARP last April 2017
• All were infected through
sexual contact.
• 2 children were infected
through mother – to – child
transmission

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 Modes of Transmission Among Children and Ado-
lescents, January 1984 - April 2017 (N=1,606)*

5%
Sex with both male and
23% female
Male - Female Sex (F)
Male - Female Sex (M)
Male - Male Sex
Sharing of Infected
Needles
Mother - to - Child
8% Transmission 7%

52%
4%

10/23/2017 Note: No mode of transmission reported for 9 cases

Special Populations: Pregnant Women

• 6 cases
were
reported.
• The APRIL 2017 Reported
Cases of Pregnant
median age Women with HIV
was 22 Region 3
Region 7
years old 1 CAR
• Age range: 1 3 NCR

17 – 27 1
years
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 Issues: Transactional Sex
Type of Transactional Sex April 2017 January to April 2017
(N = 48) (N = 314)

Accepted payments for sex only: 17 (35%) 105 (33%)

• Male 16 96
• Female 1 9
Age Range (Median) in Years 18 – 49 (22) 18 – 50 (27)

Paid for sex only: 23 (48%) 155 (49%)

• Male 23 155
• Female 0 0
Age Range (Median) in Years 19 – 55 (31) 19 – 64 (32)

Engaged in both: 8 (17%) 54 (17%)

• Male 8 49
• Female 0 5
Age Range (Median) in Years 24 – 33 (29) 18 – 51 (30)

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 Issues: Death
• In April 2017
–17 reported deaths
–Most were males
–Age group: 25 – 34 years
–All were infected through
sexual contact
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 Modes of Transmission of reported
deaths among PHIV
100%
Note: no mode of
90%
transmission
reported for 21 80% 8 985
cases 70% MSM
Sex with both
60% genders
50% Male - Female Sex
5 558 Injecting Drug Use
40%
Blood Transfusion
30% Mother - t0 -
Child
20% 509
4
10%
0 43
0%
Apr-17 Jan 1984 -
Apr 2017
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 Awareness and Education:
What Should we Know
• Prevention:
– Abstinence from sexual activity
– Not sharing needles or syringes
– Condom use during sexual
activity (vaginal, anal, and oral)
• It is critical to note that condoms are
not 100% effective but greatly reduce
the risk of HIV transmission.
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Facts: What Should we Know
• You cannot tell if someone
has AIDS by looking at them.
• Currently, there is no cure
for AIDS.
• Currently, there is no
immunization to guard
against the transmission of
HIV.
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Facts: What Should we Know
• AIDS affects people of all ages, races,
and socioeconomic status, and
individuals with different sexual
orientations including heterosexuals,
bisexuals, and homosexuals.
• No cases of AIDS have been
reported due to kissing, biting, or
mosquito bites.
• HIV is not transmitted through
touching or hugging.
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Facts: What Should we Know
• HIV cannot be contracted from
donating blood.
– Donated blood undergoes
screening and testing for certain
disease like HIV
• There are no reported cases of HIV
being transmitted from child to child
or child to staff member in a school
building due to fights or contact
sports.
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 Impact of HIV/AIDS
• Physical Implications
– HIV infection suppresses the immune
system
– physical symptoms experienced by persons
with HIV or AIDS will vary according to
their physical condition and the impact of
these illnesses.
– To date, there is no cure for AIDS
– pharmacological therapy (e.g., anti-
retroviral medications, protease inhibitors)
is used to prolong the onset of symptoms.
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 Impact of HIV/AIDS
• Neurological Implication
–An estimated 75% to 90% of
children infected with HIV
experience
neuropsychological deficits
resulting from
developmental delays
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and/or cognitive disabilities
 Impact of HIV/AIDS
• Social Implication
– First, many HIV-infected children,
especially those who contract
the virus perinatally, may have to
cope with losses associated with
AIDS-related illnesses and deaths
within their families.

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 – Second, HIV-infected children are
likely to experience additional risk
factors: chronic poverty, housing
problems, nutritional problems, poor
access to medical and social support
services, and exposure to violent or
dangerous neighbourhood
environments.
– Third, and most important, is the
stigma associated with HIV/AIDS.
AIDS-related stigma is the result of
both fear and discrimination.
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As a Teacher, what can we do?
• Educate our selves about
HIV/AIDS
• Be knowledgeable about the
modes of transmission and
modes of prevention
• Should be aware of the
relationship of alcohol/drug
use and HIV
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 As a Teacher, what can we do?
• Should not be fearful if
there’s a student with
HIV/AIDS in classroom
• Respect the
students’/parents’ right to
privacy
• Universal precaution should
be maintained
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 Than
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k you!