Computer Essential Skills

by
Mohammed Ismael Salih

Lecture No. 2

Windows Operating System

Duhok Polytechnic University
Duhok Technical Institute
Department of Road Construction
1st year
2018 -2019
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Table of Contents

1. Operating System
1. Operating System
 1. Operating Systems
Outline
1. First steps.
2. Setup.
3. Working with Icons.
4. Shortcuts.
5. Using Windows.
6. Switch Applications.
 1.1 First Steps
Being Welcomed to the World of Windows:
• Starting Windows is as easy as turning on your computer —
Windows leaps onto the screen automatically with a flourish.
But before you can begin working, Windows stops you cold:
It displays a locked screen

To move past this lock screen, press a key on the keyboard or drag up on the screen with your mouse or finger.
 1.1 First Steps…
Sign in:
• Windows wants you to sign in, by clicking your name and
typing in a password.

Click your user account name and then type your password on the next screen.
 1.1 First Steps…
The Windows 10 Layout:

Windows 10 Desktop
 1.1 First Steps…
The Windows 10 Layout is as:
1. Desktop Shortcuts – Shortcuts to files, folders, and the Recycle Bin.
2. The Taskbar – Provides access to the Start Menu, shortcuts to
programs, as well as volume and date/time control.
3. The Start Button – Allows you to access computer programs and
configuration options such as Windows Settings.
4. Windows Search – Allows you to search for programs, folders, and
files.
5. Task View – Provides you access to a task switcher tool as well as a
Virtual Desktop.
6. File Explorer – File Explorer is a file manager application that allows
you to access files and folders on the computer.
7. Taskbar Programs – Provides quick access to open or pinned
programs.
8. Volume Adjustment – Allows you to adjust the computer’s volume.
9. Date/Time – Access the Date/Time options.
 1.1 First Steps…
Shutting Down the Computer:

1. Start button.
2. Power Button.
3. Shut down.

1
 1.1 First Steps…
Shutting down Button: 
• Shut Down: Turn off the Computer.
• Restart: The Restart button "reboots"
your compute, that means it saves your
information to the hard drive, turns off
the computer for a moment, and then
turns it back on again.
• Hibernate: Uses less power than sleep
and when you start up the PC again,
you’re back to where you left off.  
• Sleep: Puts your computer in a low-
power state, but doesn't turn it off.
 1.1 First Steps…
Shutting Down a Non-Responding Program:
• R-C on Taskbar > Task Manager > Processes > R-C on
the non-responding application > End Task.
 1.2 Setup
To open the Control Panel window:
1. Start Button > Control Panel.
2. Windows Search > Type Control Panel > Click.
Under View by, you can change from Category to either Large icons or
Small icons to view a list of all Control Panel items.
 1.2 Setup…
Viewing the Computer's Basic System Information:
• Control Panel > System and Security category > System.
 1.2 Setup…
Changing the Computer's Date and Time:
• Control Panel > Clock and Region > Date and Time > Change
date and time.
 1.2 Setup…
Changing the Computer's Desktop Configurations:
1. Start Button > Settings > Personalization > Background > Choose a photo >
Choose a fit.
2. R-C > Personalize > Background > Choose a photo > Choose a fit.
 1.2 Setup…
Setting up Screen Saver
• R-C > Personalization > Lock screen > Screen saver settings >
choose a screen saver > select time > Apply > OK.
 1.2 Setup…
Adding a Keyboard Language:
Start Button > Settings > Time and Language > Region and
Language > Add a Language > Choose a language to
install > Next > Install.
 1.2 Setup…
Using the Keyboard Print Screen Facility (Print Screen key ) (Prt Sc):
1. Press Print Screen key or (PrtScn) to copy whole screen.
2. Open Paint App.
3. Paste.
4. File.
5. Save.
 1.2 Setup…
Installing Programs from CD or DVD:
• Insert the disc into your PC, and
then follow the instructions on
your screen. You might be asked
for an admin password.
• If install doesn't start
automatically, check your
AutoPlay settings.
1. In the search box on the taskbar,
type AutoPlay settings and select
it from the results.
2. Make sure AutoPlay is On.
You can also choose AutoPlay
defaults for removable drives and
memory cards.
 1.2 Setup…
Uninstalling Programs:

1. Start button. 2

2. Settings button. 1
3. System.
4. Apps & Features. 3
5. Click the program that you
wish to uninstall.
6. Uninstall.
7. Uninstall in the confirmation 4
window that appears. 6
7
1.3 Working with Icons
 1.3 Working with Icons…

• Programs are usually opened from the Start menu,

but they can also be opened from the desktop if the
relevant shortcut icon is available.
• Double-clicking a shortcut icon provides faster
access to a program than using the Start menu.

Icon Shortcut Icon

 1.3 Working with Icons…
Identifying Common Icons:
 
Hard disk icon, where all the data This icon represents an installed
on your computer is stored. printer on your computer.

  A storage device that can be   The computer uses folders in

removed from your computer (e.g. order to store files and other
USB flash drive). folders.
Double-click on this executable
A DVD-RW drive. (exe) file and the application
  software opens.
  A folder located on a server for   Double-click on this file and it is
storing files across a network opened by its associated
(network drive). application software,
  A storage location (folder) for   Shortcut files simply supply links
deleted files awaiting permanent to the programs or files on your
deletion. computer.
 1.3 Working with Icons…
Add or Remove System Icons to the Desktop:
• R-C > Personalize > Themes > Desktop icon settings
 1.4 Shortcuts:
Using an icon to open a file, folder or Application:
R-C > New > Shortcut > Browse > Select the file, folder or application >
OK > Next > Finish
1 2

3
 1.4 Shortcuts…
Create shortcut for an application:
1. Start button.
2. R-C on the program that you wish to create a
shortcut for.
3. More.
4. Open File Location.
  
  
 
  

  Opening File Location

7
5. R-C on the program icon.
6. Create Shortcut.
7. Yes.
1.5 Using Windows
 1.5 Using Windows:
Identifying Different Parts of a Window:

3
2 4 6
5

8
 1.5 Using Windows…
Identifying Different Parts of a Window:
1. Navigation Pane.
2. Back/Forward.
3. Ribbon.
4. Address Bar.
5. Column Headings.
6. Search Box.
7. File and Folder Listing.
8. Status Bar.
 1.5 Using Windows…
Collapsing/Expanding/Restoring/Resizing/Moving/Closing a Window:
Minimize Maximize Close

Restore Down
 1.5 Switch Applications:
Switching between Open Windows (Keyboard: Alt + Tab):
When you have multiple maximized windows open at the
same time, the last window opened hides the others on the
screen. However, buttons representing the windows appear on
the taskbar in order to allow the user switch between them.

By using the keyboard:

• Alt key + Tab key.
Questions
Computer Essential Skills
by
Mohammed Ismael Salih

Lecture No. 3

Windows Operating System

Duhok Polytechnic University
Duhok Technical Institute
Department of Road Construction
1st year
2018 -2019
Table of Contents

1. File Management
2. Utilities
3. Print Management
1. File Management
 1. File Management
Outline
1. Main concepts.
2. Files and folders.
3. Working with files.
4. Copy and move.
5. Viewing.
6. Sorting.
7. Deleting and restoring.
8. Searching.
 1.1 Main concepts…
Understanding the Hierarchical Structure of Drives, Folders and Files:
 1.2 Files and Folders:
Creating Folders:
1. Open folder window > Home Tab > New folder >
Type folder name > Enter.
2. R-C > New > Folder > Type folder name > Enter.
 1.2 Files and Folders
Creating Folders and Subfolders:
• To create a new folder named ‘Computer’ on the desktop:
Right Click > New > Folder > ‘Computer’ > Enter.
• To create subfolder in the ‘Computer’ folder named
‘Essential’:
Double Click on ‘Computer’ folder > Right Click > New
> Folder > ‘Essential’ > Enter.
• To create subfolder in the ‘Essential’ folder named
‘Skills’:
Double Click on ‘Essential’ folder > Right Click > New >
Folder > ‘Skills’ > Enter.
 1.2 Files and Folders…
Displaying Folder Name, Size and Location on a Drive:

• To view information
about a folder:
1. R-C on the folder >
Properties.
2. Open folder window
> Home Tab >
Properties.
 1.2 Files and Folders…
Renaming a File or Folder:

1. R-C on the file or folder >

Rename Type the new
name > Enter.
Note: A border appears around the file
or folder name, which is now selected.

2. Select the file or folder >

Home Tab > Rename >
Type the new name >
Enter.
 1.2 Files and Folders…
Selecting Files and Folders:
• To select a single file or folder:
click on it once.
• To select a group of adjacent files and/or
folders:
click the first item > hold Shift key >
click the last item.
• To select a group of non-adjacent files
and/or folders:
hold Ctrl key > click each item.
• To select all the files and folders in the Using the Ctrl key to select

window:
Home Tab > Select all or Ctrl + A.
 1.2 Files and Folders…
Selecting and Deselecting Files and Folders:
To select all, select none or invert selection:
• Home Tab > Select all
> Select none
> Invert selection
 1.3 Working with Files:
Identifying Common File Types:
There are thousands of files on your computer, each
having a name and extension, The extension consists
of a period (full stop) and three or four letters, and
identifies the file type.
 1.3 Working with Files…
Identifying Common File Types:
File Type Extension Icon File Type Extension Icon

Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel

.docx .xlsx
(word processor) (spreadsheet)
letter.docx budget.xlsx

Microsoft Access Microsoft PowerPoint

. accdb •pptx
(database) (presentation)
Roll.accdb hotel.pptx

Compressed .zip Plain Text . txt

fites.zip readme.bt

. wav or .mp3
Audio (Sound) Video .avi or .mpg
or .wma
track,mp3 clock.avi

Graphic Bitmap *bmp or .tif Vector Graphic . wmf

cpu.tif hcrze.wmf

Internet Graphic .gif or jpg     Temporary . tmp

Ball,gif Pub95.tmp

Portable Document
.pdf  Executable . exe
Format
report.pdf EXCEL.EXE
 1.3 Working with Files…
Changing the File Status:
By default, the files that
you save on your computer
are read-write. This means
they can be opened again,
changed and saved in the
same location with the
same name.
• R-C on the file >
Properties > select the
Read-only or Hidden
check box > OK.
 1.4 Copy and Move:
Copying a file or folder:
Select the file or folder then do one of the following on the
desktop or in the folder window:
1. R-C > Copy > R-C > Paste.
2. Home Tab > Copy > Select a location > Paste.
3. Home Tab > Copy to > Select a location.
4. Ctrl+C (from keyboard) > Ctrl + V (from keyboard).
 1.4 Copy and Move…
Copying a file or folder:
 1.4 Copy and Move…
Cutting (Moving) a file or folder:
Select the file or folder then do one of the following on the
desktop or in the folder window:
1. R-C > Cut > R-C > Paste.
2. Home Tab > Cut > R-C > Paste.
3. Home Tab > Move to > Select a location.
4. L-C to drag and drop a file or folder to another location >
Move here.
5. Drag and drop a folder to another location on same drive.
6. Ctrl+X (from keyboard) > Ctrl + V (from keyboard).
 1.4 Copy and Move…
Cutting (Moving) a file or folder:
 1.5 Viewing
Viewing Desktop Icons: 
• R-C > View > select Large icons or
  Medium icons or
Small icons.
 1.5 Viewing
Active Auto Arrange Desktop Icons: 
• R-C > View > ✓Auto arrange icons.
Deactivate Auto Arrange Desktop Icons: 
• R-C > View >   Auto arrange icons.
 1.5 Viewing
Active Align Desktop Icons to Grid: 
• R-C > View > ✓Align icons to grid.
Deactivate Align Desktop Icons to Grid: 
• R-C > View > Align icons to grid.
 1.5 Viewing
Show Desktop Icons: 
• R-C > View > ✓Show desktop icons.
Hide Desktop Icons: 
• R-C > View > Show desktop icons.
 1.6 Sorting
Sort files by name, size, type and date modified in ascending order:

• R-C on an empty space in the folder or on desktop >

Sort by > Name.
will sort the files and folders by name.
Note: Same steps for Size, Item type and Date modified.
 1.7 Deleting and Restoring:
Deleting Files/Folders to the Recycle Bin:
R-C on the file or folder > Delete > Yes.
Note: When you delete a file/folder, the
file/folder and its contents are removed to the
Recycle Bin.
You can bypass the Recycle Bin and delete a file permanently
by Shift key + Delete.
 1.7 Deleting and Restoring…
Restoring Files/Folders to their Original Location from the Recycle Bin:
• Open Recycle Bin > Select the file or folder > Manage Tab >
Restore the selected item or Restore All Items.
 1.7 Deleting and Restoring…
Emptying the Recycle Bin:
1. Open the Recycle Bin > Manage Tab > Empty Recycle Bin > Yes.
To empty the Recycle Bin without opening it:
2. R-C on Recycle Bin > Empty Recycle Bin > Yes.
 1.8 Searching:
Searching for Programs and Files from the Start Menu:
The following explains how to do so:
1. Windows Search.
2. Type the name of the program, file, or folder that you wish to
open. 
3. Click on the program, file, or folder that you wish to open.
 1.8 Searching…
Searching for files from File Explorer:
1

You may also search for files and

folders from File Explorer. The 2
following explains how to do so:
1. File Explorer icon, located on
the Windows Taskbar.
3
2. This PC to search for files
located on your PC.
3. Type the name of the file or 4
folder that you wish to find.
4. Double-click the file or folder
that you would like to open.
 Keyboard shortcuts in Windows
Keyboard shortcut Action
Windows key Open or close Start Menu.
Windows key + A Open Action center.
Windows key + C Open Cortana in listening mode.
Windows key + D Display and hide the desktop.
Windows key + E Open File Explorer.
Windows key + G Open Game bar when a game is open.
Windows key + I Open Settings.
Windows key + L Lock your PC or switch accounts.
Windows key + M Minimize all windows.
Windows key + S Open Search.
Windows key + "+" key Zoom in using the magnifier.
Windows key + "-" key Zoom out using the magnifier.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc Open Task Manager.
Alt + Tab Switch between open apps.
Ctrl + C Copy selected items to clipboard.
Ctrl + X Cut selected items.
Ctrl + V Paste content from clipboard.
Ctrl + A Select all content.
Ctrl + Z Undo an action.
Ctrl + Y Redo an action.
Ctrl + D Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin.
Ctrl + Shift Switch the keyboard layout.
Ctrl + F4 Close the active window.
2. Utilities
 2. Utilities
Outline
1. File Compression.
2. Anti-Virus Software.
3. Firewall.
4. Windows Defender
1.1 File Compression
 2.1 File Compression
Understanding File Compression:
Compressing files decreases their size and reduces the amount
of space they use on your hard disk or removable storage device.
To compress a file or files or a folder:
• R-C on the file or folder > Send to > Compressed (zipped)
folder.
 2.1 File Compression…
Extracting Compressed Files:
• R-C on the compressed folder > Extract All.

1 2
2.2 Anti-Virus Software
 2.2 Anti-Virus Software…
What is a Virus?
A computer virus is a small program intentionally
written in order to alter the way your computer
operates, without your permission or knowledge.
Some system viruses are programmed specifically to
corrupt programs, delete files or erase the contents of
your disk.
 2.2 Anti-Virus Software…
How a Virus is Transmitted onto a Computer?
1. Unsafe Email.
2. Software Downloads.
3. Online Ads.
4. Social Media.
5. General Internet Surfing.
6. User Error.
 2.2 Anti-Virus Software…
Some of the best Anti-Virus Software:

1. Bitdefender Antivirus Plus 2019

2. Norton Antivirus Basic

3. Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2018

 2.3 Firewall
What is a firewall?
A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access
to or from a private network.
• Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized
Internet users from accessing private networks connected
to the Internet, especially intranets.
• All messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through
the firewall, which examines each message and blocks
those that do not meet the specified security criteria.
 2.3 Firewall…
How to turn on/off firewall?
Control Panel > Windows Defender Firewall > Turn Windows
Defender Firewall on or off.
 2.4 Windows Defender
What is a Windows Defender?
Windows Defender is a software application that safeguards a
system from malware. It was an anti-spyware program built to
fight unauthorized access and protect Windows computers
from unwanted software.
 2.4 Windows Defender…
How to turn on/off Windows defender?
• Start Button > Settings > Open Windows Defender Security
Center > Virus & threats protection > Virus & threats protection
settings > Real time protection > On / off.
3. Print Management
 3.1 Print Management
Changing the Default Printer:

Before you can use a printer for the first time, its
driver must be installed onto the computer.
• To add a new printer:
Start menu > Settings > Devices > Printer & Scanner
> Add printer.
To change the default printer from an installed list:
• Click on the printer that you want to be the default
printer > Manage > Set as default printer.
 3.1 Print Management…
Default Printer:
 3.1 Print Management…
Installing a New Printer from a CD:
• You can also add another printer to the list of available
printers on your computer.
• When you purchase a new printer, you will also
receive the software (printer driver) to install onto the
computer.
• This software, which generally comes on a CD, allows
the printer to communicate with the operating system.
• You cannot use the printer until its driver has been
installed on the computer.
 3.1 Print Management…
Installing a New Printer from a CD:
To install a new printer on your computer, using the driver
CD:
1. Install the cartridges in the printer and add paper to the
tray.
2. Insert installation CD and run the printer set up
application (usually "setup.exe").
3. Connect your printer to the PC using the USB cable and
turn it on.
4. Look in your printers folder on your computer:
5. R-C on the new printer > Printer Properties > Print
Test Page.
 3.1 Print Management…
Installing a New Printer Using the Add Printer Wizard:
• Control Panel > Devices and Printers > Add a printer button >
Add a local printer option > Next > Select your printer > Next >
Next > Do not share this printer > Next < Finish.
Questions