NAME :- HARSHITA

CLASS :- XB
ROLL NO :- 30
SUBJECT :- COMPUTER
TITLE :- BASIC ICT SKILLS
II
 INDEX
 Operating system
 Windows 7
 Files and folders in windows
 Threats that effect computer system
 Measures to protect a computer
 Software safety, security and care
 Virus
 Disk cleanup
 Disk defragmentation
 Antivirus software
 Scanning
 BASIC ICT SKILLS II
Operating system
What is an operating system?
An operating system is a system program that manages the
hardware and software resources of a computer.
Types of operating system :- Interactive , Real time , Distributed
Common Operating System
UNIX , LINUX , Windows , LINUX , Solaris , BOSS
Mobiles have very sophisticated operating systems
Android , Symbian , iOS
 WINDOWS 7
Windows 7 is an operating system that Microsoft has
produced for use on personal computers. It is the follow-up to
the Windows Vista Operating System, which was released in
2006. An operating system allows your computer to manage
software and perform essential tasks.
It contains of Desktop :- The next screen that appears on your
monitor is called the desktop.
ICONS :- My Document, My Computer, The Recycle Bin,
Internet Explorer, Taskbar, The notification area, Start Menu.
 FILES AND FOLDERS IN WINDOWS
• Everything you store on your computer is stored in the
form of a file. File system is a way in which you give
name to a file, store it and retrieve it. Files can be
separately placed into groups, called folders.

Creating a file : Steps to create new file are :

1.Right-click anywhere in the blank area .
2.In the Shortcut menu, click New and select the type of file you
want to create.
Creating a folder : The steps to create a new folder are:
1.Double-click the Computer icon.
2.Select the drive in which you want to create a new folder.
3.Click New Folder on the toolbar.
4.Type a name for the folder & Press Enter key.

Renaming folders and files : Steps to rename file or folder are :

5.Right-click the file or the folder.
6.From the shortcut menu, select Rename option.
7.Type the new name or edit the existing name and press the Enter
key.
• Deleting files or folders : Steps to delete files or folder are :
1.Click the file or the folder.
2.Press the Delete key from the keyboard.
Copying Files and folders : a. Select the file or the folder.
b. Press Ctrl + C to copy the file or the folder.
c. Open the destination folder.
d. Press Ctrl + V to paste the copied file.
Moving Files and folders :
a. Select the file or the folder.
b. Press Ctrl + X to cut the file or the folder.
c. Open the destination folder.
d. Press Ctrl + V to paste the copied file.
Threats that affect a computer system
Natural threats Human threats
• Fire Physical theft
• Flood Virus, Trojan Horse and
• Lightning Worm
Trojan horse
Worm
Spyware
Online predators
Online scams
 Measures to Protect a Computer
 Setting up users and passwords
 Using secure passwords
 Use of protective software
 Lock your computer.

Hardware safety and security

 Computers Must be Kept Clean
 Computers Should be Kept at Moderate Temperature
 All Computers Should be Connected to Surge Protectors
 Computers and Disks Must be Kept Clear of Static Electricity
 Aware of Key loggers
 Backup and Restore.
 Software Safety, Security And Care
1. Windows Firewall
2. Spyware and unwanted software protection
3. Antivirus
4. Windows password protection.

Viruses
What is a virus ?
A computer virus is a malicious program that attacks your
computer system files.
Examples of Virus
Malware Worms
Spyware Trojan Horse
Adware Spam
 Viruses
Damages caused by virus
Decreasing the hard disk
space by duplicating files.
Destroying parts of programs
and files, which create bad
sectors on the disk.
Causing the computer
system hang.
Copying, deleting data in
files, causing a loss of
integrity in the data.
Slowing the processor speed
by destroying FAT.
Virus Prevention
Install an Antivirus program
on your computer.
Always keep Antivirus
software up-to-date.
Do not download the files or
information from
unauthorized sources on
internet.
Never reply to an unknown
email.
Never use a foreign disk or
CD without scanning it for
viruses.
 Disk Cleanup
The Disk Cleanup utility removes unnecessary files to free up
space on the disk drive of your choice. To run Disk Cleanup on
a Windows 7 computer.
How to use it
1.Click Start
2.Go to All Programs > Accessories > System Tools
3.Click Disk Cleanup
4.Choose what type of files and folders to delete at the Files to delete
section
5.Click OK
6.To delete system files that are no longer needed, click Clean up
system files. You may be
prompted by UAC (User Account Control) to confirm the action.
 Disk Defragmenter
Disk Defragmenter in Windows rearranges fragmented data so
your disks and drives can work more efficiently. Disk
Defragmenter runs on a schedule, but you can also analyze and
defragment your disks and drives manually.
How to use it
• Choose Start→Control Panel→System and Security. The
Administrative Tools window appears.
• Click Defragment Your Hard Drive. The Disk Defragmenter
dialog box appears.
• Click the Analyse Disk button. ...
• When the analysis is complete, click the Defragment Disk
button. ...
• Click Close.
 Antivirus Software
Antivirus is a kind of software used to prevent, scan, detect
and delete viruses from a computer. Once installed, most
antivirus software runs automatically in the background to
provide real-time protection against virus attacks.
 Scanning your computer
1. Double-click the Norton Internet Security icon from the
system tray on the taskbar, OR Click the show hidden icons
button on the taskbar. All the remaining icons appear in a
box. Select and Click the Norton Internet Security icon from
them. The Norton Antivirus window appears on your screen.
2. Click the Scan Now option. You will see a new window
appearing on your system.
3. Click the Full System Scan to scan all drives on your
computer. The scanning of your computer starts and you see
the following window on your monitor. It takes some time to
san your entire computer.
4. Click the Finish button.
 How to Scan a Drive or a Folder
1) Click the Norton Internet Security icon from the system tray
on the taskbar.
2) Click the Scan Now option on the Norton Internet Security
window.
3) Click the Custom Scan option.
4) Now, select the option you want to use. Click the Run button.
5) The Scan Drives dialog box appears on the screen. Select
the drive name to scan.
6) Click on Scan button.
7) The scanning starts and displays the window on your
screen.
8) After the scan is complete, the window appears on your
screen.
How to update antivirus software
I. Connect to the Internet : You should check your internet
connection first.
II. Click the Norton Internet Security icon from the system
tray on the taskbar.
III. The Norton Internet Security window appears on your
monitor screen.
IV. Click the LiveUpdate option. The update process starts
on your computer.
V. Click OK to complete the scan.