BARRIRAH FAISAL

CORONA VIRUS
corona

 Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause

diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses
cause respiratory tract infections that can range from
mild to lethal. Mild illnesses include some cases of the 
common cold (which has other possible causes,
predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties
can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. Symptoms in
other species vary: in chickens, they cause an 
upper respiratory tract disease, while in cows and pigs
they cause diarrhea. There are yet to be vaccines or 
antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus
infections.
Etymology

The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona,

meaning "crown" or "wreath", itself a borrowing from 
Greek κορώνη korṓnē, "garland, wreath". The name
refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the
infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy,
which have a fringe of large, bulbous surface
projections creating an image reminiscent of a crown
or of a solar corona. This morphology is created by
the viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the
surface of the virus.
History

 Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute

respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be
caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). In the 1940s, two
more animal coronaviruses, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and 
transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), were isolated.[9]
 Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s.[10] The
earliest ones studied were from human patients with the 
common cold, which were later named human coronavirus
229E and human coronavirus OC43.[11] Other human
coronaviruses have since been identified, including SARS-CoV
 in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012,
and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Most of these have involved serious 
respiratory  tract infections.
Life Cycle

 Infection begins when the viral spike [S] glycoprotein attaches

to its complementary host cell receptor-attached spike protein.
Depending on the host cell protease available, cleavage and
activation allows the virus to enter the host cell by  endocytosis
 or direct fusion of the viral envelop with the host membrane.
 On entry into the host cell, the virus particle is uncoated, and its 
genome enters the cell cytoplasm . The corona virus RNA
genome has a  methylated cap and a  polyadenylated tail,
which allows the RNA to attach to the host cell's ribosome for
translation . The host ribosome translates the initial overlapping 
open reading frame of the virus genome and forms a long 
polyprotein. The polyprotein has its own proteases which cleave
 the polyprotein into multiple nonstructural proteins.
Orthocoronavirinae
Corona viruses constitute the subfamily
 Orthocoronavirinae, in the family 
Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and
realm Riboviria.[5][6] They are 
enveloped viruses with a 
positive-sense single-stranded RNA 
genome and a nucleocapsid of helical
symmetry. The genome size of
coronaviruses ranges from
approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, one
of the largest among RNA viruses.[7]
 They have characteristic club-shaped 
spikes that project from their surface,
which in electron micrographs create
an image reminiscent of the 
solar corona from which their name
derives.[
Statics
 CASES
Confirmed Recovered
Worldwide Pakistan Asia World
Europe Australia South Amer- wide
ica Pakistan
North Amer- Africa Asia
ica Europe
Australia

Deaths
Worldwide
Pakistan
Asia
Europe
Australia
South America
North America
Africa
Preventions
There’s currently no vaccine to prevent corona virus disease
(COVID-19).
You can protect yourself and help prevent spreading the
virus to others if you do:

Wash your hands regularly for 20 seconds, with soap and

water or alcohol-based hand rub
 Cover your nose and mouth with a disposable tissue or flexed
elbow when you cough or sneeze
 Avoid close contact (1 meter or 3 feet) with people who are unwell
 Stay home and self-isolate from others in the household if you feel
unwell.
 Don’t Touch your eyes, nose, or mouth if your hands are not clean.
Symptoms
 People may be sick with the virus for 1 to 14 days before developing
symptoms. The most common symptoms of corona virus disease
(COVID-19) are fever, tiredness, and dry cough. Most people (about
80%) recover from the disease without needing special treatment.
 More rarely, the disease can be serious and even fatal. Older people,
and people with other medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes,
or heart disease), may be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill.
 People may experience:
 cough
 fever
 tiredness
 difficulty breathing [severe cases]
How it spreads?

Coronavirus disease spreads primarily through

contact with an infected person when they
cough or sneeze. It also spreads when a
person touches a surface or object that has
the virus on it, then touches their eyes, nose ,
or mouth
 Message

Stay safe
Stay in your homes
It’s a dangerous disease

Save yourself
KEEP SAFE

THANKS!