Engineering Technology

Division
Power Plant Construction and QA/QC

Section 3.1 & 2 – Steam Turbine

Fundamentals and Design
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Overview
• Hero Reaction Turbine – 120 B.C.
• First Practical Turbine – 1884, C. Parsons
• First Power Plant – 7.5 kw – 1890
• Reaction, Impulse and Velocity-Compounded
• Reheat Steam – 1930’s
• Last 100 years Turbine is the key element in
generating electricity
• Turbines run Generators, Pumps, Fans, etc.
• Today up to 1,500 MW

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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Overview

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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Fundamentals

Energy Transfer

Coal, Natural Gas,

Nuclear, Biofuel,
Waste Fuel
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Reaction Turbines
Newton’s third law of motion – For every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Narrowing
Steam Path Narrowing
Steam Path

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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Impulse Turbines

Steam / Gas Flow

Fixed Vanes

Moving Blades

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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Reaction – Impulse Comparison

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 Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Velocity-Compounded Turbine
Velocity compounding is a form of staging which
by dividing the work load over several stages
results in improved efficiency and a smaller
diameter for the blade wheels due to a reduction
in Ideal blade speed per stage.

Inlet Pressure
1
P=
V

Inlet
Velocity

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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Turbine Components - Blades

Impulse

Reaction
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Turbine Diaphragms

Diaphragms contain the fixed blades 10

Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Steam Turbine Casing

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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Turbine Rotor

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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Turbine Shaft and Casing Seals

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 Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Turbine Types

Straight HP
Tandem HP
Tandem LP

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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Turbine – Multiple Sets

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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals

Questions?

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Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design

Overview

Classification by;
• Type – Reaction or Impulse
• Steam Temperature and Pressure
• Configuration – Compound, Tandem
Compound, Cross Compound
• Reheat
• Output – MW
• Structural Elements

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Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design

Turbine Design - Basics

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Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design

Materials

• Blades
• Stainless Steel – 403 & 422 (+Cr)
• 17-4 PH steel (+ Ti)
• Super Alloys
• Rotor
• High “Chrome – Moley” Steel – Cr-Mo-V
• Low “Ni Chrome Steel – Ni-Cr-Mo-V

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Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design

Questions?

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